Surface water chemistry at Torfajökull, Iceland—Quantification of boiling, mixing, oxidation and water-rock interaction and reconstruction of reservoir fluid composition
摘要
•The surface geothermal water chemistry and alteration mineralogy associated with rhyolitic rocks at Torfajökull central volcano, Iceland was studied.•The evolution of reservoir geothermal fluids to surface were quantified, the processes being boiling, mixing, and water–rock interaction.•The surface geochemical exploration methods developed and applied here are suitable for any geothermal system in order to explore geochemical processes occurring in active geothermal systems.