摘要
深部大陆钻探用钻机顶驱液压系统设计与研究深部钻探是揭开地壳演化奥妙、寻找地下资源、同时减轻灾害保护环境的关键。自上世纪70年代以来,很多发达国家陆续启动了深部探测和超深科学钻探计划,通过“揭开”地表覆盖层,把视线延伸到地壳深部,获得了重大成果。目前,多种新型液压驱动石油钻机和电驱动钻机被国外一些国家先后推出,它们在钻井勘探中起到了重要作用。在钻机上配备顶驱装置已成为发展趋势,其相比较于传统的转盘钻井有许多优势。在国际市场中,配备顶驱装置的钻井机械有很大优势,顶驱装置已成为近代钻井装备新技术,而且顶驱装置在使用范围、工作性能、驱动形式和传动方式等方面做出了重大改进,现已成为集机电液一体化的综合石油钻井装备。顶驱的驱动方式可以分为两类:液压顶驱和电顶驱,目前液压顶驱是很好的一种驱动型式。液压驱动钻机在向全液压驱动的方向发展,顶驱功率利用率比较高。世界上大部分先进的钻井公司多采用全液压驱动型式。液压驱动钻机正在向全新模式钻机发展,同时向多个小功率液压马达传动发展。为满足提高深部大陆科学钻探钻进坚硬岩石的速度,需采用孕镶金刚石钻头,高转速是一个主要的钻进工艺参数,需研制高转速的液压顶驱系统。本论文主要研究方向以大陆钻探用钻机为主,主要研究分析钻机主机系统中的液压顶驱机构,在分析顶部驱动装置的发展、结构形式与组成的基础上,对其进行了如下几方面的研究:介绍了顶部驱动钻井装置的作用、特点以及国内外的发展概况。分析了顶部驱动钻井装置的组成和结构;对顶驱装置的性能参数进行了分析和计算,并确定出主要的技术参数;对顶驱液压系统原理进行了分析;重点设计了顶驱回转系统的液压回路,并且对回路的吸油、压油以及回油管路进行了优化设计,以减小管路的能量损失;本次用到的回转机构液压系统的主要控制方式为负载独立流量分配(LUDV)控制系统,利用AMESIM软件建模,对马达同步系统进行仿真,最后得出其同步精度仿真分析的结论。国内的顶驱装置与国外相比,在性能上还有很大差距,通过液压顶驱系统的研究,将此系统与外购的通用装置进行创新集成,为我国深部大陆科学钻探提供全套的具有国际领先水平的专业钻机,开发研究具有自主知识产权的顶驱装置,实现顶驱装置国产化。
Reveal the deep crustal evolution of the drilling is secret, looking for underground resources, and mitigation of environmental protection key. Since the 1970s, many developed countries were launched, the deep and ultra-deep scientific drilling exploration program, through the "opened" surface cover, the sightlines to the deep crust, to obtain significant results. Currently, a variety of new hydraulic drive and electric drive drilling rig drilling rig has been launched in some countries abroad, they are drilling exploration played an important role. The rig is equipped with top drive unit has become a trend, and its comparison to the traditional rotary drilling has many advantages. In the international market, with a top drive drilling unit with a great mechanical advantage, top drive unit has become the new technologies of modern drilling equipment, and the top drive unit in the use of range, performance, driving the form and mode of transmission has made significant improvements, has become an integrated and comprehensive set of hydraulic oil drilling equipment.Driven top drive can be divided into two categories:Hydraulic top drive and electric top drive, hydraulic top drive now is a good a driver type. Hydraulic drive to the whole rig in the direction of the hydraulic drive, top drive power utilization is relatively high. The world's most advanced drilling companies to use more fully hydraulic drive type. Hydraulic drive drilling rig is to develop a new model, while the hydraulic motor to drive multiple low-power development.To meet the increase of deep hard rock drilling continental scientific drilling speed, requires the use of impregnated diamond bits, high speed is a major drilling process parameters, need to develop high-speed hydraulic top drive system. This thesis research to the mainland-based drilling rig, primary research and analysis in the host system hydraulic drilling rig top drive body, in analyzing the top drive development, structure and composition, based on its study of the following aspects:Describes the role of top drive drilling system, characteristics and development of domestic and international profile. Analysis of the top drive drilling composition and structure; Top drive unit for performance parameters for the analysis and calculation, and determine the main technical parameters; on the top drive hydraulic system is analyzed; Focus on the design of the rotary top drive system hydraulic circuit, and the oil on the circuit, oil pressure and return line has been optimized to reduce pipeline energy loss; The rotating mechanism used in the main control hydraulic system for the load independent flow distribution (LUDV) control system, using AMESIM software modeling, simulation of the motor synchronization system, and finally arrive at the synchronization accuracy of simulation conclusions.Domestic and foreign compared to the top drive unit, there is still a big gap in performance, the hydraulic top drive system of research, this system is universal and outsourcing of innovation and integration devices, for China Continental Scientific Drilling deep to provide a full range of leading international standard of professional rig, research and development with independent intellectual property rights of top drive units to achieve the top drive equipment made in China.