摘要
构造地质学堪称"地质学中的哲学"。可分为中小尺度的"狭义"构造地质学和大地构造学。近年来,中小尺度的"狭义"构造地质学研究已不局限于单个构造的几何学、运动学和动力学分析。而是表现为:①广度上,区域构造分析正在与年代学、三维反射地震、GPS观测等技术相结合,实现构造事件和过程的定量化厘定、盆地构造的数字化描述、地壳形变的全空间长期实时监测;发展构造建模(物理模拟和数值模拟)技术;应用地球物理的成果丰富构造变形研究的实例;②深度上,探寻构造变形的流变学机理,并从若干研究点上认识深部地壳的构成、韧性变形带及相关构造作用的过程和效应。大地构造学研究正在新的知识体系和地球物理探测技术的推动下深入到地幔范围以及大陆构造领域。认识板块构造作用下壳幔物质的循环过程,追溯大陆构造分裂与拼合的演化历史,探索新的岩石圈—地幔动力学模式和"板块"运动模式。当前的构造地质学具有以技术、产业和社会需求、人才为导向的发展特点。学科的发展要求我们把握新技术、新资料,适应经济产业发展和国计民生的需求,加强年轻一代地质人才的培养,提升自主创新能力。
Structural geology and tectonics are geology sub-disciplines with philosophical thinking in nature and concern about different research directions and reference scales. For the last few years,small-scale structural geology has not limited to the analyses of geometry,kinematics and dynamics. Research in breadth shows that the regional structure analysis has widely combined with geochronology,3D seismic reflection and GPS observation techniques,pushing ahead quantitative determination of tectonic events and processes,digital description of basin structures,long-term and real-time space monitoring of crustal deformations. Analogue and numerical modeling are developing. Rich deformations are recognized by case studies with geophysical results. Research in depth shows studies of rheological mechanisms have been carried out to understand deep crustal configuration, ductile deformation and related tectonic processes and effects. Based on new knowledge systems and geophysical surveys,large-scale tectonic research has gone deep into the realm of mantle and continental tectonics,in order to understand the crust—mantle cycling under plate tectonics,to trace the history of continental breakup and assembly,and to explore new models of lithosphere—mantle dynamics and plate motions. At present,the development of structural geology and tectonics are obviously driven by technical progress,industrial and social demands,human resources in science and technology. It is necessary to take advantage of new technologies and data,to adapt to the demands of industries and national economies,to strengthen the training of young geologists,to enhance the capabilities for independent innovation.