摘要
The article provides a review on Heat Pumps (HPs) implementation in Lithuania in compliance with the National Energy Strategy and European policy and encompasses the period 2005–2013 after the Lithuanian integration into the EU.Lithuania has limited quantity of indigenous energy resources and is dependent on the import of natural gas, petroleum and hard coal. Up to 2009, Lithuania’s energy dependence on the imports of fuel and energy was about 50–62%. At the end of 2009, after the decommissioning of the Lithuanian Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP), energy dependence on the imports of energy resources increased remarkably to approximately 80–82% and considerably exceeded the EU average 53–54%. The share of indigenous and renewable energy sources (RES) in gross inland fuel and energy consumption in Lithuania increased from 11.2% (RES 8.7%) in 2005 to 21.4% (RES 17.6%) in 2013. About 48% of such energy sources were transformed in Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and heat plants, 38% belonged to households and 14% – to industry and other sectors.In the article, the HPs implementation in Lithuania and European countries was overviewed. The analysis of HPs promotion in Lithuania was carried out. HP related legislation in Lithuanian and Europe was shown. Regulations on HPs installation and usage of refrigerants were disclosed. Aims and tasks of Lithuanian Heat Pump Association were indicated. The dissemination and manufacture of perspective HPs were investigated. Lithuanian HPs market characteristics and technological trends were reviewed. HPs technical segmentation in Lithuania and categories by heat collector, output (kW) and hot water production were analyzed. HPs market shares by company’s brand name were compared. Best practices – representative implementation of HPs in Lithuanian Grand Spa sanatorium were presented. Market outlook, sensitivities and expectations until 2020 were assessed. Techno-economical characteristics of HPs implementation and energy-saving potential were defined.