城市主干路交通功能可靠度量化评价方法
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摘要
为了定量评价城市主干路交通功能的实现程度,建立了城市主干路交通功能可靠度的计算方法;分析了主干路交通功能的3个主要特征,即承载较大交通流量,具有较高运行速度与服务于中长距离出行,应用可靠度理论,提出了城市主干路交通功能可靠度的概念;选取行程速度和直行率之积作为可靠度的计算指标,构建了基于概率论的交通功能可靠度计算方法;分析了2个计算指标的阈值范围,对比了交通功能可靠度与服务水平的区别与联系;针对郑州市2个主干路单元,评价了其高峰和非高峰时段的交通功能可靠度。计算结果表明:行程速度与直行率之积不相关,且可认为二者相互独立;主干路与支路交叉口的直行率均大于主干路与次干路交叉口的直行率,实测的4组数据中直行率分别高出0.271、0.062、0.229和0.034;连接老城区与高新区的科学大道在高峰和非高峰时段的交通功能可靠度分别为0.803和0.702,交通功能实现程度处于较高水平;老城区的东风路在高峰时段的交通功能可靠度为0.386,其交通功能特征和实现程度相对较弱,远低于科学大道;科学大道上3个交叉口的服务水平均为一级,高峰和非高峰时段的路段服务水平分别处于C级、B级,而高峰时段东风路上3个交叉口的服务水平分别为二级、二级和三级,路段服务水平处于C级,科学大道的整体服务水平优于东风路。可见,交通功能可靠度评价结果与服务水平分析结果的趋势基本一致,但与服务水平相比,交通功能可靠度更能体现主干路的功能特征和外界因素对交通运行的随机影响。
A calculating model of traffic function reliability for urban arterial roads was established to quantitatively evaluate its achievement degree.The key features of traffic functions of arterial roads were analyzed,including the following three aspects:undertaking larger traffic volumes,having higher speed,and serving medium-long distance travel.The definition of traffic function reliability of urban arterial roads was proposed by the reliability theory.The travel speed and product of straight rates were selected as the corresponding indicators for the traffic function.The calculation method of traffic function reliability based on the probability theory was constructed.The threshold ranges of two calculation indicators were analyzed.The differencesand connections between the traffic function reliability and service level were compared.The traffic function reliability during the peak and off-peak hours was evaluated for two arterial road units in Zhengzhou.Calculation result shows that there is no correlation between the travel speed and product of straight rates,and they are further considered to be independent.The straight rates at the intersections between the arterial roads and branch roads are higher than those at the intersections between the arterial roads and sub-arterial roads.The four measured groups of straight rates are 0.271,0.062,0.229,and 0.034 higher,respectively.During the peak and offpeak hours,the traffic function reliability of Kexue Road,which connects the old district and high-tech development district,is 0.803 and 0.702,respectively.The achievement degree of traffic function on Kexue Road reaches a high level.The traffic function reliability of Dongfeng Road,which is located in the old district,is 0.386. The reliability characteristics and achievement degree of traffic function of Dongfeng Road are far lower than that of Kexue Road.The service levels of three intersections on Kexue Road are all level one.During the peak hours and off-peak hours,service levels of segments on Kexue Road are class B and C,respectively.The service levels during the peak hours of three intersections on Dongfeng Road are level two,level two,and level three,respectively,and the service level of segment on Dongfeng Road is class C.The service level of Kexue Road is better than that of Dongfeng Road in general.The evaluation results of traffic function reliability are basically consistent with the analysis results of service level.However,compared with the service level,the traffic function reliability for urban arterial roads can better reflect the function characteristics and effects of external factors on the urban roads traffic operation.8 tabs,12 figs,30 refs.
A calculating model of traffic function reliability for urban arterial roads was established to quantitatively evaluate its achievement degree.The key features of traffic functions of arterial roads were analyzed,including the following three aspects:undertaking larger traffic volumes,having higher speed,and serving medium-long distance travel.The definition of traffic function reliability of urban arterial roads was proposed by the reliability theory.The travel speed and product of straight rates were selected as the corresponding indicators for the traffic function.The calculation method of traffic function reliability based on the probability theory was constructed.The threshold ranges of two calculation indicators were analyzed.The differencesand connections between the traffic function reliability and service level were compared.The traffic function reliability during the peak and off-peak hours was evaluated for two arterial road units in Zhengzhou.Calculation result shows that there is no correlation between the travel speed and product of straight rates,and they are further considered to be independent.The straight rates at the intersections between the arterial roads and branch roads are higher than those at the intersections between the arterial roads and sub-arterial roads.The four measured groups of straight rates are 0.271,0.062,0.229,and 0.034 higher,respectively.During the peak and offpeak hours,the traffic function reliability of Kexue Road,which connects the old district and high-tech development district,is 0.803 and 0.702,respectively.The achievement degree of traffic function on Kexue Road reaches a high level.The traffic function reliability of Dongfeng Road,which is located in the old district,is 0.386. The reliability characteristics and achievement degree of traffic function of Dongfeng Road are far lower than that of Kexue Road.The service levels of three intersections on Kexue Road are all level one.During the peak hours and off-peak hours,service levels of segments on Kexue Road are class B and C,respectively.The service levels during the peak hours of three intersections on Dongfeng Road are level two,level two,and level three,respectively,and the service level of segment on Dongfeng Road is class C.The service level of Kexue Road is better than that of Dongfeng Road in general.The evaluation results of traffic function reliability are basically consistent with the analysis results of service level.However,compared with the service level,the traffic function reliability for urban arterial roads can better reflect the function characteristics and effects of external factors on the urban roads traffic operation.8 tabs,12 figs,30 refs.
引文
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[14]李小静,牟海波,杨菊花.基于道路使用者的城市路网动态行程时间可靠度[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(4):106-113.LI Xiao-jing,MOU Hai-bo,YANG Ju-hua.Dynamic travel time reliability of urban road network based on road users[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2014,31(4):106-113.(in Chinese)
[15]张水潮,任刚,王炜.城市道路网络功能匹配度分析模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(9):1716-1721.ZHANG Shui-chao,REN Gang,WANG Wei.Functional matching degree analysis model of urban road network[J].System Engineering—Theory and Practice,2010,30(9):1716-1721.(in Chinese)
[16]王京京,杨友林,李辉,等.基于功能分析的城市道路网络衔接评价研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(1):212-217.WANG Jing-jing,YANG You-lin,LI Hui,et al.Urban road network junction evaluation method based on the functional analysis[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2015,15(1):212-217.(in Chinese)
[17]严亚丹,仝佩,李辉,等.城市次干路集散功能可靠度量化评价与实证研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2017,17(2):212-218.YAN Ya-dan,TONG Pei,LI Hui,et al.Quantitative evaluation and empirical study on urban collector road functional reliability[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2017,17(2):212-218.(in Chinese)
[18]宁佐强,严亚丹,李辉,等.城市快速路功能可靠度量化评价与实证研究[J].公路交通科技,2015,32(9):133-137.NING Zuo-qiang,YAN Ya-dan,LI Hui,et al.Quantitative evaluation and empirical study on urban expressway function reliability[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2015,32(9):133-137.(in Chinese)
[19]李相勇,蒋葛夫.城市道路服务水平的模糊综合评判[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2002,2(3):48-50,55.LI Xiang-yong,JIANG Ge-fu.Fuzzy comprehensive assessment of service level for urban roads[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2002,2(3):48-50,55.(in Chinese)
[20]况爱武,黄中祥.随机供求下的道路服务水平可靠性[J].系统工程,2007,25(6):25-30.KUANG Ai-wu,HUANG Zhong-xiang.On the service reliability in stochastic supply and demand[J].Systems Engineering,2007,25(6):25-30.(in Chinese)
[21]杨富社,邹群,李明,等.基于行程速度指数的城市快速路服务水平评价方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2014,14(5):68-73.YANG Fu-she,ZOU Qun,LI Ming,et al.Evaluation method of urban expressway service level based on traveling speed index[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2014,14(5):68-73.(in Chinese)
[22]何兆成,周亚强,余志.基于数据可视化的区域交通状态特征评价方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2016,16(1):133-140.HE Zhao-cheng,ZHOU Ya-qiang,YU Zhi.Regional traffic state evaluation method based on data visualization[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2016,16(1):133-140.(in Chinese)
[23]LEI Fang-shu,WANG Yun-peng,LU Guang-quan,et al.A travel time reliability model of urban expressways with varying levels of service[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2014,48:453-467.
[24]MARTIN S,ROMANA M G,SANTOS M.Fuzzy model of vehicle delay to determine the level of service of two-lane roads[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2016,54:48-60.
[25]毛海虓.中国城市居民出行特征研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2005.MAO Hai-xiao.Research on trip characteristics of China urban citizens[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2005.(in Chinese)
[26]石飞.城市道路等级级配及布局方法研究[D].南京:东南大学,2006.SHI Fei.Research on grade proportion and layout method of urban road[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2006.(in Chinese)
[27]HE Nan,ZHAO Sheng-chuan.Urban road traffic impedance function—Dalian City case study[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2014,8(3):90-95.
[28]彭挺.城市快速干道功能分析与布局方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.PENG Ting.Research on the functional analysis and layout method of high speed arterial[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[29]HUANG Zhao-yi,CHEN Xiao-hong,LIN Hang-fei,et al.Movement nature of speed-flow relationship on congested expressway[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2008,134(3):137-145.
[30]STAMATIADIS N,KIRK A,HARTMAN D,et al.An expanded functional classification system for highways and streets[R].Washington DC:National Academies Press,2017.
[2]任刚,陆丽丽,许丽,等.城市道路网络功能匹配度建模与实证分析[J].中国公路学报,2012,25(3):120-128.REN Gang,LU Li-li,XU Li,et al.Modeling and empirical analysis of functional matching degree of urban road networks[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2012,25(3):120-128.(in Chinese)
[3]CHEN A,YANG Hai,LO H K,et al.Capacity reliability of a road network:an assessment methodology and numerical results[J].Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2002,36(3):225-252.
[4]KUANG Ai-wu,TANG Zhi-qiang,SHAN Liang-ci.Road network capacity reliability considering travel time reliability[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2013,96:1818-1827.
[5]UCHIDA K.Estimating the value of travel time and of travel time reliability in road networks[J].Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2014,66:129-147.
[6]WANG J Y T,EHRGOTT M,CHEN A.A bi-objective user equilibrium model of travel time reliability in a road network[J].Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2014,66:4-15.
[7]POKHAREL R,IEDA H.Road network evaluation from a reliability perspective:an accessibility and network closure vulnerability approach[J].Asian Transport Studies,2016,4(1):37-56.
[8]DE OLIVEIRA E L,PORTUGAL L D S,PORTO JUNIOR W.Indicators of reliability and vulnerability:similarities and differences in ranking links of a complex road system[J].Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2016,88:195-208.
[9]WOODARD D,NOGIN G,KOCH P,et al.Predicting travel time reliability using mobile phone GPS data[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2017,75:30-44.
[10]CHEN Min,YU Gui-zhen,CHEN Peng,et al.A copulabased approach for estimating the travel time reliability of urban arterial[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2017,82:1-23.
[11]陈艳艳,高爱霞,刘小明,等.道路交通运行状态可靠性评价方法综述及展望[J].公路,2003(10):127-131.CHEN Yan-yan,GAO Ai-xia,LIU Xiao-ming,et al.Summarization and expectation of reliability assessment of road traffic performance[J].Highway,2003(10):127-131.(in Chinese)
[12]陈艳艳,梁颖,杜华兵.可靠度在路网运营状态评价中的应用[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(1):36-40.CHEN Yan-yan,LIANG Ying,DU Hua-bing.The application of reliability in the road network performance evaluation[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2003,36(1):36-40.(in Chinese)
[13]王卓,刁朋娣,董宏辉,等.城市道路网络可靠度及其敏感度研究[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(2):134-139,149.WANG Zhuo,DIAO Peng-di,DONG Hong-hui,et al.Research on reliability and sensitivity of urban road network[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2013,26(2):134-139,149.(in Chinese)
[14]李小静,牟海波,杨菊花.基于道路使用者的城市路网动态行程时间可靠度[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(4):106-113.LI Xiao-jing,MOU Hai-bo,YANG Ju-hua.Dynamic travel time reliability of urban road network based on road users[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2014,31(4):106-113.(in Chinese)
[15]张水潮,任刚,王炜.城市道路网络功能匹配度分析模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(9):1716-1721.ZHANG Shui-chao,REN Gang,WANG Wei.Functional matching degree analysis model of urban road network[J].System Engineering—Theory and Practice,2010,30(9):1716-1721.(in Chinese)
[16]王京京,杨友林,李辉,等.基于功能分析的城市道路网络衔接评价研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(1):212-217.WANG Jing-jing,YANG You-lin,LI Hui,et al.Urban road network junction evaluation method based on the functional analysis[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2015,15(1):212-217.(in Chinese)
[17]严亚丹,仝佩,李辉,等.城市次干路集散功能可靠度量化评价与实证研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2017,17(2):212-218.YAN Ya-dan,TONG Pei,LI Hui,et al.Quantitative evaluation and empirical study on urban collector road functional reliability[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2017,17(2):212-218.(in Chinese)
[18]宁佐强,严亚丹,李辉,等.城市快速路功能可靠度量化评价与实证研究[J].公路交通科技,2015,32(9):133-137.NING Zuo-qiang,YAN Ya-dan,LI Hui,et al.Quantitative evaluation and empirical study on urban expressway function reliability[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2015,32(9):133-137.(in Chinese)
[19]李相勇,蒋葛夫.城市道路服务水平的模糊综合评判[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2002,2(3):48-50,55.LI Xiang-yong,JIANG Ge-fu.Fuzzy comprehensive assessment of service level for urban roads[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2002,2(3):48-50,55.(in Chinese)
[20]况爱武,黄中祥.随机供求下的道路服务水平可靠性[J].系统工程,2007,25(6):25-30.KUANG Ai-wu,HUANG Zhong-xiang.On the service reliability in stochastic supply and demand[J].Systems Engineering,2007,25(6):25-30.(in Chinese)
[21]杨富社,邹群,李明,等.基于行程速度指数的城市快速路服务水平评价方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2014,14(5):68-73.YANG Fu-she,ZOU Qun,LI Ming,et al.Evaluation method of urban expressway service level based on traveling speed index[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2014,14(5):68-73.(in Chinese)
[22]何兆成,周亚强,余志.基于数据可视化的区域交通状态特征评价方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2016,16(1):133-140.HE Zhao-cheng,ZHOU Ya-qiang,YU Zhi.Regional traffic state evaluation method based on data visualization[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2016,16(1):133-140.(in Chinese)
[23]LEI Fang-shu,WANG Yun-peng,LU Guang-quan,et al.A travel time reliability model of urban expressways with varying levels of service[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2014,48:453-467.
[24]MARTIN S,ROMANA M G,SANTOS M.Fuzzy model of vehicle delay to determine the level of service of two-lane roads[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2016,54:48-60.
[25]毛海虓.中国城市居民出行特征研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2005.MAO Hai-xiao.Research on trip characteristics of China urban citizens[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2005.(in Chinese)
[26]石飞.城市道路等级级配及布局方法研究[D].南京:东南大学,2006.SHI Fei.Research on grade proportion and layout method of urban road[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2006.(in Chinese)
[27]HE Nan,ZHAO Sheng-chuan.Urban road traffic impedance function—Dalian City case study[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2014,8(3):90-95.
[28]彭挺.城市快速干道功能分析与布局方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.PENG Ting.Research on the functional analysis and layout method of high speed arterial[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[29]HUANG Zhao-yi,CHEN Xiao-hong,LIN Hang-fei,et al.Movement nature of speed-flow relationship on congested expressway[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2008,134(3):137-145.
[30]STAMATIADIS N,KIRK A,HARTMAN D,et al.An expanded functional classification system for highways and streets[R].Washington DC:National Academies Press,2017.