纽约滨水区域综合评估体系研究及借鉴意义
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摘要
进入21世纪以来,滨水区域越来越成为城市的重要发展资源。如何有效引导滨水区域建设,实现对建设质量的有效监督和管理,成为许多城市面临的难题。本文首先深入研究了纽约滨水区域综合评估的经验,对其评估历程、评估对象、评估机制、评估指标、评估认证等方面进行分析和总结;然后结合我国实际情况,对我国滨水区域综合治理的问题,提出若干具有针对性的建议:一是建立水陆一体的滨水区域空间分类体系;二是加快滨水区域精细化建设管理模式转型;三是构建科学的滨水区域评估框架和技术路径;四是实现滨水区域建设质量的动态认证。
Since entering the 21 st Century, the waterfront area has become an increasingly important resource for urban development.How to effectively guide the construction of waterfront area, and how to effectively supervise the construction quality, these two issues are important for many cities. This paper studies the experience of the comprehensive assessment of the waterfront area in New York City, and analyzes its overall process, evaluation scope, assessment mechanism, assessment index, and assessment certification. After indepth analysis and with referring to the actual situation in China,this paper puts forward countermeasures for China's comprehensive management of waterfront area:(1) establish integrated waterfront spatial classification system;(2) promote the transformation of fine management of waterfront construction;(3) build scientific and technical assessment framework;(4) create dynamic certification of waterfront construction quality.
Since entering the 21 st Century, the waterfront area has become an increasingly important resource for urban development.How to effectively guide the construction of waterfront area, and how to effectively supervise the construction quality, these two issues are important for many cities. This paper studies the experience of the comprehensive assessment of the waterfront area in New York City, and analyzes its overall process, evaluation scope, assessment mechanism, assessment index, and assessment certification. After indepth analysis and with referring to the actual situation in China,this paper puts forward countermeasures for China's comprehensive management of waterfront area:(1) establish integrated waterfront spatial classification system;(2) promote the transformation of fine management of waterfront construction;(3) build scientific and technical assessment framework;(4) create dynamic certification of waterfront construction quality.
引文
[1]杨保军,董珂.滨水地区城市设计探讨[J].建筑学报,2007(7):7-10.
[2]唐子来.唐子来:一条河与一座城[EB/OL].(2017-03-26)[2017-05-20].https://www.jfdaily.com/news/detail?id=48120.
[3]Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance.Designing the edge:where land and water meet[EB/OL].(2010-09-15)[2017-05-20].http://www.dreiseitl.com/data/PUBLICATIONS/Where_Water_meets_the_land.pdf.
[4]The City of New York Department of City Planning.Vision 2020:New York City comprehensive waterfront plan[EB/OL].(2011-03-01)[2017-05-20].https://www1.nyc.gov/site/planning/plans/vision-2020-cwp/vision-2020cwp.page.
[5]Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance.Shape your waterfront:how to promote access,resiliency,and ecology at the water’s edge[EB/OL].(2016-01-01)[2017-05-20].https://smartnet.niua.org/content/6e09f6d6-ba95-432d-beca77ca1e6824f3.
[6]The City of New York Department of City Planning.Coastal climate resilience:urban waterfront adaptive strategies[EB/OL].(2013-01-01)[201705-20].https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/plans studies/sustainable-communities/climate-resilience/urban_waterfront.pdf.
[7]The City of New York Department of City Planning.The New York City waterfront revitalization program(WRP)[EB/OL].(2013-10-30)[2017-05-20].https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/applicants/wrp/wrp2016/nyc-wrp-full.pdf.
[8]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).Home Builder’s Guide to Coastal Construction;Technical Fact Sheet Series:FEMA P-499[EB/OL].(2010-12-01)[2017-05-20].https://www.fema.gov/home-builders-guide coastal-construction-technical-fact-sheet-series-fema-p-499.
[9]The City of New York Department of Parks and Recreation.High Performance Landscapes Guidelines:21st Century Parks for NYC.[EB/OL].(2010-01-01)[2017-05-20].https://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_about/sustainable_parks/design_guidelines.pdf.
[10]Maine State Planning Office.The waterfront construction handbook:guidelines for the design and construction of waterfront facilities[EB/OL].(2008-03-12)[2017-05-20].https://www.wbdg.org/building-types/waterfront facilities.
[11]The City of NewYork Department of Parks and Recreation.Designing the edge:creating a living urban shore at Harlem River Park[EB/OL].(201001-01)[2017-05-20].2010(2):10-15.https://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_opportunities/business_ops/pdf/designing_the_edge_4-7-2010.pdf.
[12]New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.New York State stormwater management design manual[EB/OL].(2010-08-01)[201705-20].https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/water_pdf/swdm2015entire.pdf.
[13]USDA National Agroforestry Center.Conservation buffers guidelines 2.0biodiversity[EB/OL].(2008-01-01)[2017-05-20].https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/buffers/guidelines/5_protection/10.html.
[14]New York City Department of Environmental Protection.NYC green infrastructure 2013 annual report[EB/OL].(2013-01-01)[2017-05-20].http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/stormwater/nyc_green_infrastructure_plan.shtml.
[15]The New York City Economic Development Corporation.Waterfront facilities maintenance management system:inspection guidelines manual.[EB/OL].(1999-10-01)[2017-05-20].https://www.nycedc.com/program/waterfront-facilities-maintenance-management-system.
[16]The New York City Economic Development Corporation.Condition monitoring inspection pier 40[EB/OL].(2009-09-01)[2017-05-20].https://hudsonriverpark.org/assets/content/general/Pier_40_Report-AppendixF.pdf.
[17]刘伟毅.城市滨水缓冲区划定及其空间调控策略研究--以武汉市为例[J].华中科技大学,2016.
(1)纽约市会对《纽约城市综合滨水区域区规划》每10年会进行一次修编。
(2)独立的组织,现已经发展成为具有950多个组织成员的联盟,目标是使纽约和新泽西港口成为一个共享、韧性、公共的岸线,负责纽约和新泽西港口的全部城市滨水区域和700英里的海岸线的建设和管理。
(3)纽约频发的自然灾害也推动了导则的编制和深化。
(1)FEMA是指联邦应急管理预案计划。
(2)水上交通设施具体是指码头、浮码头、海滩和浅水区、游艇基地、社区船坞、停泊点、停泊场、轮渡等。
(3)再利用填充物是指回收场地建设过程中的废弃建筑材料、河流淤泥等进行建设。
[2]唐子来.唐子来:一条河与一座城[EB/OL].(2017-03-26)[2017-05-20].https://www.jfdaily.com/news/detail?id=48120.
[3]Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance.Designing the edge:where land and water meet[EB/OL].(2010-09-15)[2017-05-20].http://www.dreiseitl.com/data/PUBLICATIONS/Where_Water_meets_the_land.pdf.
[4]The City of New York Department of City Planning.Vision 2020:New York City comprehensive waterfront plan[EB/OL].(2011-03-01)[2017-05-20].https://www1.nyc.gov/site/planning/plans/vision-2020-cwp/vision-2020cwp.page.
[5]Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance.Shape your waterfront:how to promote access,resiliency,and ecology at the water’s edge[EB/OL].(2016-01-01)[2017-05-20].https://smartnet.niua.org/content/6e09f6d6-ba95-432d-beca77ca1e6824f3.
[6]The City of New York Department of City Planning.Coastal climate resilience:urban waterfront adaptive strategies[EB/OL].(2013-01-01)[201705-20].https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/plans studies/sustainable-communities/climate-resilience/urban_waterfront.pdf.
[7]The City of New York Department of City Planning.The New York City waterfront revitalization program(WRP)[EB/OL].(2013-10-30)[2017-05-20].https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/applicants/wrp/wrp2016/nyc-wrp-full.pdf.
[8]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).Home Builder’s Guide to Coastal Construction;Technical Fact Sheet Series:FEMA P-499[EB/OL].(2010-12-01)[2017-05-20].https://www.fema.gov/home-builders-guide coastal-construction-technical-fact-sheet-series-fema-p-499.
[9]The City of New York Department of Parks and Recreation.High Performance Landscapes Guidelines:21st Century Parks for NYC.[EB/OL].(2010-01-01)[2017-05-20].https://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_about/sustainable_parks/design_guidelines.pdf.
[10]Maine State Planning Office.The waterfront construction handbook:guidelines for the design and construction of waterfront facilities[EB/OL].(2008-03-12)[2017-05-20].https://www.wbdg.org/building-types/waterfront facilities.
[11]The City of NewYork Department of Parks and Recreation.Designing the edge:creating a living urban shore at Harlem River Park[EB/OL].(201001-01)[2017-05-20].2010(2):10-15.https://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_opportunities/business_ops/pdf/designing_the_edge_4-7-2010.pdf.
[12]New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.New York State stormwater management design manual[EB/OL].(2010-08-01)[201705-20].https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/water_pdf/swdm2015entire.pdf.
[13]USDA National Agroforestry Center.Conservation buffers guidelines 2.0biodiversity[EB/OL].(2008-01-01)[2017-05-20].https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/buffers/guidelines/5_protection/10.html.
[14]New York City Department of Environmental Protection.NYC green infrastructure 2013 annual report[EB/OL].(2013-01-01)[2017-05-20].http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/stormwater/nyc_green_infrastructure_plan.shtml.
[15]The New York City Economic Development Corporation.Waterfront facilities maintenance management system:inspection guidelines manual.[EB/OL].(1999-10-01)[2017-05-20].https://www.nycedc.com/program/waterfront-facilities-maintenance-management-system.
[16]The New York City Economic Development Corporation.Condition monitoring inspection pier 40[EB/OL].(2009-09-01)[2017-05-20].https://hudsonriverpark.org/assets/content/general/Pier_40_Report-AppendixF.pdf.
[17]刘伟毅.城市滨水缓冲区划定及其空间调控策略研究--以武汉市为例[J].华中科技大学,2016.
(1)纽约市会对《纽约城市综合滨水区域区规划》每10年会进行一次修编。
(2)独立的组织,现已经发展成为具有950多个组织成员的联盟,目标是使纽约和新泽西港口成为一个共享、韧性、公共的岸线,负责纽约和新泽西港口的全部城市滨水区域和700英里的海岸线的建设和管理。
(3)纽约频发的自然灾害也推动了导则的编制和深化。
(1)FEMA是指联邦应急管理预案计划。
(2)水上交通设施具体是指码头、浮码头、海滩和浅水区、游艇基地、社区船坞、停泊点、停泊场、轮渡等。
(3)再利用填充物是指回收场地建设过程中的废弃建筑材料、河流淤泥等进行建设。