中部地区外向型经济发展水平时空格局及影响因素
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摘要
从外资、外贸、外经三方面入手,测度中部地区外向型经济发展水平,探讨其时空格局及影响因素。结果表明:(1) 2005～2015年中部地区外向型经济发展水平的变异系数呈下降趋势,区域差距在缩小。(2)低水平区和较低水平区范围缩小但始终占据绝对优势且空间集聚特征明显;较高水平区、高水平区数量较少且分散,外向型经济逐渐形成"东南高、西北低"的空间格局。(3)外向型经济发展水平的空间集聚程度不断增强; HH区数量大幅提高,LL区波动下降但仍占主导地位;外向型经济发展热点区主要集聚分布在东南部,冷点区分布在西南—东北一带。(4)外向型经济发展水平时空格局影响因素影响力大小依次为:城镇化率、第二产业产值比重、与最近一级海港或内河港口的距离、第三产业比重、口岸数量占全省比重、科技支出占财政总支出的比重、与最近中心城市的距离、人均财政收入。
With accelerating of economic globalization and regional integration,an increasing number of attention has been paid to the development of the export-oriented economy. Therefore,combined with the characteristics of export-oriented economy, which could be started from several aspects: international economy and trade,utilization of foreign capital,after that the export-oriented economic development in Central China was measured.Additionally,this article analyzed its spatial-temporal pattern by quantitative analysis methods,and used GWR model to measure its influencing factors. The results showed as follows:(1) The CV of variation of export-oriented economic development in Central China showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2015,and the regional gap reduced.(2) The low-level areas and lower-level areas gathered narrowed but always dominated the Central China,furthermore,the characteristics of spatial agglomeration were conspicuous. Nevertheless,the range of high-level and higher-level areas was fairly minor,and which was more geographically dispersed. The spatial distribution of export-oriented economy in Central China showed a pattern of southeast high northwest low.(3) The spatial agglomeration degree of the export-oriented economic development in Central China showed an increasing trend.The number of HH areas had increased significantly,LL areas went ups and downs,but had been dominant.From the perspective of hot-spot analysis,hot spots were mainly formed in the southeast,and cold spots lay southwest to northeast in Central China,it indicated that the level of export-oriented economic development in the southeast was higher.(4) The influencing factors of the export-oriented economic development in Central China were as follows: urbanization rate,the proportion of the output value of the secondary industry,distance with the nearest seaport A level or inland river port,the proportion of tertiary industry,the proportion of the number of ports,the proportion of science and technology expenditure in financial expenditure,distance with the nearest central city,and per capita revenue. In particular,urbanization rate had the greatest impact on the exportoriented economic development,per capita revenue had little influence on it. Accordingly,this article concludes with corresponding suggestions to promote the overall level of the export-oriented economic development in Central China.
With accelerating of economic globalization and regional integration,an increasing number of attention has been paid to the development of the export-oriented economy. Therefore,combined with the characteristics of export-oriented economy, which could be started from several aspects: international economy and trade,utilization of foreign capital,after that the export-oriented economic development in Central China was measured.Additionally,this article analyzed its spatial-temporal pattern by quantitative analysis methods,and used GWR model to measure its influencing factors. The results showed as follows:(1) The CV of variation of export-oriented economic development in Central China showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2015,and the regional gap reduced.(2) The low-level areas and lower-level areas gathered narrowed but always dominated the Central China,furthermore,the characteristics of spatial agglomeration were conspicuous. Nevertheless,the range of high-level and higher-level areas was fairly minor,and which was more geographically dispersed. The spatial distribution of export-oriented economy in Central China showed a pattern of southeast high northwest low.(3) The spatial agglomeration degree of the export-oriented economic development in Central China showed an increasing trend.The number of HH areas had increased significantly,LL areas went ups and downs,but had been dominant.From the perspective of hot-spot analysis,hot spots were mainly formed in the southeast,and cold spots lay southwest to northeast in Central China,it indicated that the level of export-oriented economic development in the southeast was higher.(4) The influencing factors of the export-oriented economic development in Central China were as follows: urbanization rate,the proportion of the output value of the secondary industry,distance with the nearest seaport A level or inland river port,the proportion of tertiary industry,the proportion of the number of ports,the proportion of science and technology expenditure in financial expenditure,distance with the nearest central city,and per capita revenue. In particular,urbanization rate had the greatest impact on the exportoriented economic development,per capita revenue had little influence on it. Accordingly,this article concludes with corresponding suggestions to promote the overall level of the export-oriented economic development in Central China.
引文
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[9]埃尔赫南·赫尔普曼.市场结构和对外贸易[M].尹翔硕,尹翔康译.上海:上海人民出版社,2009.Elhanan Helpman. Market structure and foreign trade[M].Translated by Yin Xiangshuo and Yin Xiangkang. Shanghai:Shanghai People’s Publishing House,2009.
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[13]张福增.创造良好投资环境——加快利用外资步伐[J].国际贸易,1986(12):40-42.ZHANG Z F. Creating a favorable investment environment-Accelerating the pace of foreign capital utilization[J]. Intertrade,1986(12):40-42.
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[15]宁启蒙,欧阳海燕,汤放华,等.湖南省外向型经济发展区域差异研究[J].经济地理,2017,37(11):145-150.NING Q M,OUYANG H Y,TANG F H,et al. Research on regional difference of export-oriented economic development in Hunan Province[J]. Economic Geography,2017,37(11):145-150.
[16]程艺,刘慧,公丕萍,等.中国边境地区外向型经济发展空间分异及影响因素[J].经济地理,2016,36(9):19-26.CHENG Y,LIU H,GONG P P,et al. Spatial disparity and its major influencing factors of export-oriented economy in Chinese border area[J]. Economic Geography,2016,36(9):19-26.
[17]韩民春,胡婷.湖北保税区促进外向型经济发展的研究——基于中部六省的比较分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(S1):624-627.HAN M C,HU T. A research on Hubei Province making use of the bonded area to promote the development of export-oriented economy:Based on comparative analysis of six provinces in central[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment,2015,25(S1):624-627.
[18]戴翔,张二震.我国外向型经济发展如何实现新突破——基于空间、结构和活力三维度分析[J].南京社会科学,2017(9):13-19.DAI X,ZHANG E Z. An analysis on differentiation policy in think tank development:A case study on function comparison of two kinds of think tank[J]. Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences,2017(9):13-19.
[19]杜挺,谢贤健,梁海艳,等.基于熵权TOPSIS和GIS的重庆市县域经济综合评价及空间分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(6):40-47.DU T,XIE X J,LIANG H Y,et al. County economy comprehensive evaluation and spatial analysis in Chongqing city based on entropy Weight-TOPSIS and GIS[J]. Economic Geography,2014,34(6):40-47.
[20]高翯,王士君,谭亮.东北振兴以来吉林省区域经济差异的时空演变研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(11):1712-1719.GAO H,WANG S J,TAN L. Regional economic disparities and spatio-temporal evolution in Jilin Province since 2003[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(11):1712-1719.
[21]徐建华.计量地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:120-131.XU J H. Quantitative Geography[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:120-131.
[22]李恩康,陆玉麒,黄群芳,等.泛珠江—西江经济带经济差异时空演变及其驱动因素[J].经济地理,2017,37(5):20-27.LI E K,LU Y Q,HUANG Q F,et al. Economic differences between time and space evolution and driving factors about Pan Pearl River-west river economic belt[J]. Economic Geography,2017,37(5):20-27.
[23]宋伟轩,毛宁,陈培阳,等.基于住宅价格视角的居住分异耦合机制与时空特征——以南京为例[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):589-602.SONG W X,MAO N,CHEN P Y,et al. Coupling mechanism and spatial-temporal pattern of residential differentiation from the perspective of housing prices:A case study of Nanjing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(4):589-602.
[24]仇方道,金娜,袁荷,等.徐州都市圈产业结构转型城镇空间响应的时空异质性[J].地理科学,2017,37(10):1459-1468.QIU F D,JIN N,YUAN H,et al. Spatio-temporal difference of influencing factors and strength of urban space response to the transition of industrial structure in Xuzhou Metropolitan Area[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(10):1459-1468.
[25]李豫新,王改丽.新疆外向型经济发展效率评价及影响因素[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(4):32-35,46.LI Y X,WANG G L. Evaluation of development efficiency and influence factors of export-oriented economic of Xinjiang[J].Areal Research and Development,2016,35(4):32-35,46.
[26]程钰,刘雷,任建兰,等.县域综合交通可达性与经济发展水平测度及空间格局研究——对山东省91个县域的定量分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(9):1058-1065.CHENG Y,LIU L,REN J L,et al. The measuring and spatial structure between comprehensive transportation accessibility and the level of economic development at county level:Case of91counties in Shandong Province[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(9):1058-1065.
[27] FOTHERINGHAM A S, BRUNSDON C, CHARLTON M.Quantitative Geography:Prespectives on Spatial Data Analysis[M]. London:SAGE Publication LTD,2000.
[2]卢飞,刘明辉.中国中部地区经济空间格局演变及驱动机制——基于ESDA和空间计量方法的实证分析[J].现代财经(天津财经大学学报),2017,37(8):33-45.LU F,LIU M H. Central China’s economic pattern evolution and its mechanism:Based on ESDA and spatial economic method[J]. Modern Finance and Economics-Journal of Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,2017,37(8):33-45.
[3]范振锐.中部六省区域经济协调发展评价研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2017.FAN Z R. The evaluation research of regional economy coordination of the central six provinces[D]. Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University,2017.
[4]李琪.基于改进TOPSIS法的湖北省外向型经济发展研究[D].武汉:湖北省社会科学院,2017.LI Q. A research on the development of export-oriented economy in Hubei province:Based on the amendatory TOPSIS model[D]. Wuhan:Hubei Academy of Social Science,2017.
[5]张如庆,刘国晖,方鸣.安徽省外向型经济发展的地区差异分析[J].华东经济管理,2013,27(5):14-18.ZHANG R Q,LIU G H,FANG M. Analysis of the regional disparity of outward-oriented economy development in Anhui Province[J]. East China Economic Management,2013,27(5):14-18.
[6]胡心宇,陕勇.湖北省外向型经济发展水平及影响因素的实证研究[J].对外经贸,2014(10):83-85.HU X Y,SHAN Y. An empirical study on the development level and influencing factors of export-oriented economy in Hubei[J]. Foreign Economic Relations&Trade,2014(10):83-85.
[7] RICARDO D. On the principles of political economy and taxation[M]. London:Everyman’s Library,1948.
[8] OHLIN B. Interregional and international trade[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1933.
[9]埃尔赫南·赫尔普曼.市场结构和对外贸易[M].尹翔硕,尹翔康译.上海:上海人民出版社,2009.Elhanan Helpman. Market structure and foreign trade[M].Translated by Yin Xiangshuo and Yin Xiangkang. Shanghai:Shanghai People’s Publishing House,2009.
[10]李克华.经济特区外向型经济的运行机制研究[J].广东社会科学,1986(2):52-57.LI K H. Study on the operation mechanism of export-oriented economy in special economic zones[J]. Social Sciences in Guangdong,1986(2):52-57.
[11]孙海鸣.外向型经济与产业结构:上海的抉择和转换[J].财经研究,1988(1):3-9.SUN H M. Export-oriented economy and industrial structure:choice and transformation of Shanghai[J]. Journal of Finance and Economics,1988(1):3-9.
[12]郭先登.沿海开放城市外向型经济结构的建立及发展趋势问题探讨[J].经济与管理研究,1987(4):41-43.GUO X D. Discussion on the establishment and development trend of export-oriented economic structure in coastal open cities[J]. Research on Economics and Management,1987(4):41-43.
[13]张福增.创造良好投资环境——加快利用外资步伐[J].国际贸易,1986(12):40-42.ZHANG Z F. Creating a favorable investment environment-Accelerating the pace of foreign capital utilization[J]. Intertrade,1986(12):40-42.
[14]刘志彪.我国东部沿海地区外向型经济转型升级与对策思考[J].中国经济问题,2010(1):15-22.LIU Z B. Reflections on the transformation and upgrading of export-oriented economy in eastern coastal areas of China and Countermeasures[J]. China Economic Studies,2010(1):15-22.
[15]宁启蒙,欧阳海燕,汤放华,等.湖南省外向型经济发展区域差异研究[J].经济地理,2017,37(11):145-150.NING Q M,OUYANG H Y,TANG F H,et al. Research on regional difference of export-oriented economic development in Hunan Province[J]. Economic Geography,2017,37(11):145-150.
[16]程艺,刘慧,公丕萍,等.中国边境地区外向型经济发展空间分异及影响因素[J].经济地理,2016,36(9):19-26.CHENG Y,LIU H,GONG P P,et al. Spatial disparity and its major influencing factors of export-oriented economy in Chinese border area[J]. Economic Geography,2016,36(9):19-26.
[17]韩民春,胡婷.湖北保税区促进外向型经济发展的研究——基于中部六省的比较分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(S1):624-627.HAN M C,HU T. A research on Hubei Province making use of the bonded area to promote the development of export-oriented economy:Based on comparative analysis of six provinces in central[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment,2015,25(S1):624-627.
[18]戴翔,张二震.我国外向型经济发展如何实现新突破——基于空间、结构和活力三维度分析[J].南京社会科学,2017(9):13-19.DAI X,ZHANG E Z. An analysis on differentiation policy in think tank development:A case study on function comparison of two kinds of think tank[J]. Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences,2017(9):13-19.
[19]杜挺,谢贤健,梁海艳,等.基于熵权TOPSIS和GIS的重庆市县域经济综合评价及空间分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(6):40-47.DU T,XIE X J,LIANG H Y,et al. County economy comprehensive evaluation and spatial analysis in Chongqing city based on entropy Weight-TOPSIS and GIS[J]. Economic Geography,2014,34(6):40-47.
[20]高翯,王士君,谭亮.东北振兴以来吉林省区域经济差异的时空演变研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(11):1712-1719.GAO H,WANG S J,TAN L. Regional economic disparities and spatio-temporal evolution in Jilin Province since 2003[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(11):1712-1719.
[21]徐建华.计量地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:120-131.XU J H. Quantitative Geography[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:120-131.
[22]李恩康,陆玉麒,黄群芳,等.泛珠江—西江经济带经济差异时空演变及其驱动因素[J].经济地理,2017,37(5):20-27.LI E K,LU Y Q,HUANG Q F,et al. Economic differences between time and space evolution and driving factors about Pan Pearl River-west river economic belt[J]. Economic Geography,2017,37(5):20-27.
[23]宋伟轩,毛宁,陈培阳,等.基于住宅价格视角的居住分异耦合机制与时空特征——以南京为例[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):589-602.SONG W X,MAO N,CHEN P Y,et al. Coupling mechanism and spatial-temporal pattern of residential differentiation from the perspective of housing prices:A case study of Nanjing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(4):589-602.
[24]仇方道,金娜,袁荷,等.徐州都市圈产业结构转型城镇空间响应的时空异质性[J].地理科学,2017,37(10):1459-1468.QIU F D,JIN N,YUAN H,et al. Spatio-temporal difference of influencing factors and strength of urban space response to the transition of industrial structure in Xuzhou Metropolitan Area[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(10):1459-1468.
[25]李豫新,王改丽.新疆外向型经济发展效率评价及影响因素[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(4):32-35,46.LI Y X,WANG G L. Evaluation of development efficiency and influence factors of export-oriented economic of Xinjiang[J].Areal Research and Development,2016,35(4):32-35,46.
[26]程钰,刘雷,任建兰,等.县域综合交通可达性与经济发展水平测度及空间格局研究——对山东省91个县域的定量分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(9):1058-1065.CHENG Y,LIU L,REN J L,et al. The measuring and spatial structure between comprehensive transportation accessibility and the level of economic development at county level:Case of91counties in Shandong Province[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(9):1058-1065.
[27] FOTHERINGHAM A S, BRUNSDON C, CHARLTON M.Quantitative Geography:Prespectives on Spatial Data Analysis[M]. London:SAGE Publication LTD,2000.