基于光谱分析和综合阈值的FY-3/MERSI云检测
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摘要
云检测是卫星遥感影像应用中的重要环节。为了获取FY-3中分辨率光谱成像仪(Medium Resolution Spectral Imager,MERSI)传感器精确的云掩膜数据,在分析云与植被、水体、裸露地表等地物在不同波段光谱差异的基础上,结合FY-3/MERSI数据的通道特性,构建基于多光谱和综合阈值的云检测算法。采用热红外通道亮温(CH_5)检测出高云,使用云检测指数(Normalized Cloud Detection Index,I_(NCD))和可见光波段反射率(CH_3)检测中低云。利用江西地区的FY-3/MERSI数据进行应用,将检测结果与其他算法、人机交互解译结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,该算法对FY-3/MERSI影像上的云区具有较好的检测效果,同时利用地面气象观测资料进行验证,检测精度均高于88%,能够满足当前云检测精度需求。
Cloud detection is vital for the application of satellite data.Based on the difference of spectrum in different bands between cloud and vegetation,water,exposed surface,etc.,combined with the channel characteristics of the Medium Resolution Spectral Imager(MERSI)instrument,a multispectral cloud detection algorithm using MERSI images was presented,in order to identify cloud pixel accurately from MERSI sensor.High cloud was detected by using the brightness temperature(CH_5).Low-medium cloud was detected by using Normalized Cloud Detection Index and the reflectance(CH_3).The distribution of cloud in Jiangxi Province was detected using the algorithm,and the results were validated by comparing to other algorithms result and the actual cloud image.The analysis indicated that the algorithm can accurately detect the distribution of cloud using the FY-3/MERSI images.Moreover,the surface meteorological observation records were also used to verify the cloud detection result and its accuracy was higher than 88%.
Cloud detection is vital for the application of satellite data.Based on the difference of spectrum in different bands between cloud and vegetation,water,exposed surface,etc.,combined with the channel characteristics of the Medium Resolution Spectral Imager(MERSI)instrument,a multispectral cloud detection algorithm using MERSI images was presented,in order to identify cloud pixel accurately from MERSI sensor.High cloud was detected by using the brightness temperature(CH_5).Low-medium cloud was detected by using Normalized Cloud Detection Index and the reflectance(CH_3).The distribution of cloud in Jiangxi Province was detected using the algorithm,and the results were validated by comparing to other algorithms result and the actual cloud image.The analysis indicated that the algorithm can accurately detect the distribution of cloud using the FY-3/MERSI images.Moreover,the surface meteorological observation records were also used to verify the cloud detection result and its accuracy was higher than 88%.
引文
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陈振炜,张过,宁津生,等.2015.资源三号测绘卫星自动云检测[J].测绘学报,44(3):292-300.Chen Z W,Zhang G,Ning J S,et al.2015.An automatic cloud detection method for ZY-3 satellite[J].Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica,44(3):292-300.(in Chinese)
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侯舒维,孙文方,郑小松.2014.遥感图像云检测方法综述[J].空间电子技术,11(3):68-76,86.Hou S W,Sun W F,Zheng X S.2014.Overview of cloud detection methods in remote sensing images[J].Space Electonic Technol,11(3):68-76,86.(in Chinese)
胡昌苗,白洋,唐娉.2018.GF序列图像的云自动检测[J].遥感学报,22(1):132-142.Hu C M,Bai Y,Tang P.2018.Automatic cloud detection for GF-4 series images[J].J Remot Sens,22(1):132-142.(in Chinese)
康晓光,孙龙祥.2005.基于人工神经网络的云自动检测算法[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),6(5):506-510.Kang X G,Sun L X.2005.Automatic cloud detection algorithm on artificial neural networks[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Nat Sci Edi),6(5):506-510.(in Chinese)
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刘芳,周嘉林,唐杰,等.2012.利用MODIS卷云通道对长江中游一次大雾过程的监测[J].气象与减灾研究,35(1):36-41.Liu F,Zhou J L,Tang J,et al.2012.Using MODIS satellite cirrus channel to monitor a heavy fog progress occurred in middle reaches of Yangze river[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,35(1):36-41.(in Chinese)
刘健.2010.FY-2云检测中动态阈值提取技术改进方法研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,29(4):288-282.Liu J.2010.Improvement of dynamic threshold value extraction technic in FY-2cloud detection[J].J Infrared Millim Waves,29(4):288-282.(in Chinese)
刘紫涵,吴艳兰.2017.遥感图像云检测方法研究进展[J].国土资源遥感,29(4):6-12.Liu Z H,Wu Y L.2017.A review of cloud detection methods in remote sensing images[J].Remote Sens Land Resour,29(4):6-12.(in Chinese)
李微,方圣辉,佃袁勇,等.2005.基于光谱分析的MODIS云检测算法研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),30(5):435-443.Li W,Fang S H,Dian Y Y,et al.2005.Cloud detection in MO-DIS data based on spectrum analysis[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,30(5):435-443.(in Chinese)
Li W,Li D R.2006.The universal cloud detection algorithm of MO-DIS data[J].Remote Sens Data Information,Doi:10.1117/12.712722.
盛夏,孔龙祥,郑庆梅.2004.利用MODIS数据进行云检测[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),5(4):98-106.Sheng X,Sun LX,Zheng Q M.2004.Cloud detection using MODIS data[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Nat Sci Edi),5(4):98-106.(in Chinese)
宋小宁,赵英时.2003.MODIS图像的云检测及分析[J].中国图像图形学报,9(9):1079-1083.Song X N,Zhao Y S.2003.Cloud detection and analysis of MODIS image[J].J Image Graph,9(9):1079-1083.(in Chinese)
Stowe L L,E P McClain,R Carey,et al.1991.Global distribution of cloud cover derived from NOAA/AVHRR operational satellite data[J].Adv Space Res,11(3):51-54.
汤琦,毛节泰,李成才.2006.利用MODIS资料对中国西部地区的云检测[J].高原气象,25(6):990-1000.Tang Q,Mao J T,Li CC.2006.Cloud detection over western China using MODIS data[J].Plateau Meteor,25(6):990-1000.(in Chinese)
王根,华连生,刘惠兰,等.2015.基于最小剩余法的FY-3B/IRAS资料云检测[J].红外,36(9):15-20,29.Wang G,Hua L S,Liu H L,et al.2015.Study of FY-3B/IRAS Data Cloud Detection Based on Minimum Residual Method[J].Infrar,36(9):15-20,29.(in Chinese)
王华荣,朱小祥,谢向明.2010.基于FY-2C红外资料进行夜间云检测的方法研究[J].气象,36(6):105-111.Wang H R,Zhu XX,Xie X M.2010.A method of cloud detection at nighttime using FY-2C infrared channel data[J].Meteor Mon,36(6):105-111.(in Chinese)
王伟,宋卫国,刘士兴,等.2011.Kmeans聚类与多光谱阈值相结合的MODIS云检测算法[J].光谱学与光谱分析,31(4):1061-1064.Wang W,Song W G,Liu S X,et al.2011.A cloud detection algorithm for MODIS images combining kmeans clustering and multi-spectral threshold method[J].Spectrosc Spect Anal,31(4):1061-1064.(in Chinese)
武艳,银燕,师春香,等.2012.基于动态阈值法的NOAA系列卫星云检测结果检验[J].高原气象,31(3):745-751.Wu Y,Yin Y,Shi C X,et al.2012.Validation of NOAA/AVHRR cloud detections by an automated dynamic threshold cloud-masking algorithm[J].Plateau Meteor,31(3):745-751.(in Chinese)
夏浪,毛克彪,孙知文,等.2014.针对NPP VIIRS数据的云检测方法研究[J].中国环境科学,34(3):574-580.Xia L,Mao K B,Sun Z W,et al.2014.Cloud detection application on NPP VIIRS[J].China Environ Sci,34(3):574-580.(in Chinese)
杨军,董超华,卢乃锰,等.2009.中国新一代极轨气象卫星-风云三号[J].气象学报,67(4):501-509.Yang J,Dong C H,Lu NM,et al.2009.FY-3A:The new generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite of China[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,67(4):501-509.(in Chinese)
张素兰,代海山,赵其昌,等.2017.FY-3C/MERSI云检测算法研究[J].三峡生态环境监测,2(4):66-70.Zhang S L,Dai H S,Zhao Q C,et al.2017.Cloud detection algorithm for FY-3C/MERSI[J].Ecol Environ Monitor Three Gorges,2(4):66-70.(in Chinese)
张旭,崔彩霞,毛炜峄,等.2011.基于MODIS数据的云检测及其在新疆的应用[J].干旱区研究,28(4):705-709.Zhang X,Cui CX,Mao W Y,et al.2011.Cloud detection in Xinjiang based on MODIS data[J].Arid Zone Res,28(4):705-709.(in Chinese)
Zhu Z,Wang S,Woodcock C E.2015.Improvement and expansion of the fmask algorithm:Cloud,Cloud shadow,and snow detection for landsats 4-7,8,and sentinel 2 images[J].Remote Sens Environ,159:269-277.
Zhu Z,Woodcock C E.2012.Object-based cloud and cloud shadow detection in landsat imagery[J].Remote Sens Environ,118:83-94.
Cheng T H,Gu X F,Chen L F,et al.2008.Cloud detection based on the spectral,multi-angular,and polarized characteristics of cloud[J].IEEE Int Geosci Remote Sens Sympos,Doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423555.
陈振炜,张过,宁津生,等.2015.资源三号测绘卫星自动云检测[J].测绘学报,44(3):292-300.Chen Z W,Zhang G,Ning J S,et al.2015.An automatic cloud detection method for ZY-3 satellite[J].Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica,44(3):292-300.(in Chinese)
Goodman A H,Henderson-Sellers A.1988.Cloud detection and analysis:a review of recent progress[J].Atmospheric Res,21(3/4):203-228.
侯舒维,孙文方,郑小松.2014.遥感图像云检测方法综述[J].空间电子技术,11(3):68-76,86.Hou S W,Sun W F,Zheng X S.2014.Overview of cloud detection methods in remote sensing images[J].Space Electonic Technol,11(3):68-76,86.(in Chinese)
胡昌苗,白洋,唐娉.2018.GF序列图像的云自动检测[J].遥感学报,22(1):132-142.Hu C M,Bai Y,Tang P.2018.Automatic cloud detection for GF-4 series images[J].J Remot Sens,22(1):132-142.(in Chinese)
康晓光,孙龙祥.2005.基于人工神经网络的云自动检测算法[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),6(5):506-510.Kang X G,Sun L X.2005.Automatic cloud detection algorithm on artificial neural networks[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Nat Sci Edi),6(5):506-510.(in Chinese)
李爱勤,王环东,王静怡,等.2017.高分辨率遥感影像中云和似云目标的自动区分[J].测绘通报,(6):31-35.Li A Q,Wang H D,Wang J Y,et al.2017.Automatic discrimination of cloud and cloud-like target in high resolution satellite imagery[J].Bull Surv Map,(6):31-35.(in Chinese)
刘芳,周嘉林,唐杰,等.2012.利用MODIS卷云通道对长江中游一次大雾过程的监测[J].气象与减灾研究,35(1):36-41.Liu F,Zhou J L,Tang J,et al.2012.Using MODIS satellite cirrus channel to monitor a heavy fog progress occurred in middle reaches of Yangze river[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,35(1):36-41.(in Chinese)
刘健.2010.FY-2云检测中动态阈值提取技术改进方法研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,29(4):288-282.Liu J.2010.Improvement of dynamic threshold value extraction technic in FY-2cloud detection[J].J Infrared Millim Waves,29(4):288-282.(in Chinese)
刘紫涵,吴艳兰.2017.遥感图像云检测方法研究进展[J].国土资源遥感,29(4):6-12.Liu Z H,Wu Y L.2017.A review of cloud detection methods in remote sensing images[J].Remote Sens Land Resour,29(4):6-12.(in Chinese)
李微,方圣辉,佃袁勇,等.2005.基于光谱分析的MODIS云检测算法研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),30(5):435-443.Li W,Fang S H,Dian Y Y,et al.2005.Cloud detection in MO-DIS data based on spectrum analysis[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,30(5):435-443.(in Chinese)
Li W,Li D R.2006.The universal cloud detection algorithm of MO-DIS data[J].Remote Sens Data Information,Doi:10.1117/12.712722.
盛夏,孔龙祥,郑庆梅.2004.利用MODIS数据进行云检测[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),5(4):98-106.Sheng X,Sun LX,Zheng Q M.2004.Cloud detection using MODIS data[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Nat Sci Edi),5(4):98-106.(in Chinese)
宋小宁,赵英时.2003.MODIS图像的云检测及分析[J].中国图像图形学报,9(9):1079-1083.Song X N,Zhao Y S.2003.Cloud detection and analysis of MODIS image[J].J Image Graph,9(9):1079-1083.(in Chinese)
Stowe L L,E P McClain,R Carey,et al.1991.Global distribution of cloud cover derived from NOAA/AVHRR operational satellite data[J].Adv Space Res,11(3):51-54.
汤琦,毛节泰,李成才.2006.利用MODIS资料对中国西部地区的云检测[J].高原气象,25(6):990-1000.Tang Q,Mao J T,Li CC.2006.Cloud detection over western China using MODIS data[J].Plateau Meteor,25(6):990-1000.(in Chinese)
王根,华连生,刘惠兰,等.2015.基于最小剩余法的FY-3B/IRAS资料云检测[J].红外,36(9):15-20,29.Wang G,Hua L S,Liu H L,et al.2015.Study of FY-3B/IRAS Data Cloud Detection Based on Minimum Residual Method[J].Infrar,36(9):15-20,29.(in Chinese)
王华荣,朱小祥,谢向明.2010.基于FY-2C红外资料进行夜间云检测的方法研究[J].气象,36(6):105-111.Wang H R,Zhu XX,Xie X M.2010.A method of cloud detection at nighttime using FY-2C infrared channel data[J].Meteor Mon,36(6):105-111.(in Chinese)
王伟,宋卫国,刘士兴,等.2011.Kmeans聚类与多光谱阈值相结合的MODIS云检测算法[J].光谱学与光谱分析,31(4):1061-1064.Wang W,Song W G,Liu S X,et al.2011.A cloud detection algorithm for MODIS images combining kmeans clustering and multi-spectral threshold method[J].Spectrosc Spect Anal,31(4):1061-1064.(in Chinese)
武艳,银燕,师春香,等.2012.基于动态阈值法的NOAA系列卫星云检测结果检验[J].高原气象,31(3):745-751.Wu Y,Yin Y,Shi C X,et al.2012.Validation of NOAA/AVHRR cloud detections by an automated dynamic threshold cloud-masking algorithm[J].Plateau Meteor,31(3):745-751.(in Chinese)
夏浪,毛克彪,孙知文,等.2014.针对NPP VIIRS数据的云检测方法研究[J].中国环境科学,34(3):574-580.Xia L,Mao K B,Sun Z W,et al.2014.Cloud detection application on NPP VIIRS[J].China Environ Sci,34(3):574-580.(in Chinese)
杨军,董超华,卢乃锰,等.2009.中国新一代极轨气象卫星-风云三号[J].气象学报,67(4):501-509.Yang J,Dong C H,Lu NM,et al.2009.FY-3A:The new generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite of China[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,67(4):501-509.(in Chinese)
张素兰,代海山,赵其昌,等.2017.FY-3C/MERSI云检测算法研究[J].三峡生态环境监测,2(4):66-70.Zhang S L,Dai H S,Zhao Q C,et al.2017.Cloud detection algorithm for FY-3C/MERSI[J].Ecol Environ Monitor Three Gorges,2(4):66-70.(in Chinese)
张旭,崔彩霞,毛炜峄,等.2011.基于MODIS数据的云检测及其在新疆的应用[J].干旱区研究,28(4):705-709.Zhang X,Cui CX,Mao W Y,et al.2011.Cloud detection in Xinjiang based on MODIS data[J].Arid Zone Res,28(4):705-709.(in Chinese)
Zhu Z,Wang S,Woodcock C E.2015.Improvement and expansion of the fmask algorithm:Cloud,Cloud shadow,and snow detection for landsats 4-7,8,and sentinel 2 images[J].Remote Sens Environ,159:269-277.
Zhu Z,Woodcock C E.2012.Object-based cloud and cloud shadow detection in landsat imagery[J].Remote Sens Environ,118:83-94.