氯化钠和醋酸钙镁两种融雪剂对土壤中典型重金属结合态的影响
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摘要
采用实验室模拟方法,分别用氯化钠(NaCl)和醋酸钙镁(CMA)两种常见的融雪剂液浸泡和淋溶土壤,并用Tessier连续萃取法测定土壤中Zn和Cu两种重金属各结合态质量比的变化,考察两种融雪剂对土壤中典型重金属结合态的影响.结果表明:NaCl融雪剂比CMA融雪剂对土壤重金属影响更明显,且NaCl的浓度越高差别越大;土壤中的Zn和Cu在融雪剂浸泡作用下都倾向于转化为可交换态,可交换态Zn最多增加115%;融雪剂淋溶作用对Zn结合态影响较大,其可交换态、碳酸盐结合态Zn比蒸馏水淋溶分别降低了30%,20%;对Cu结合态影响较小;两种金属的有机/硫化物结合态和残渣态受融雪剂浸泡和淋溶的影响均很小;CMA比NaCl融雪剂对环境更友好.
Using laboratory simulation method,soil was soaked and leached with sodium chloride(NaCl)and calcium magnesium acetate(CMA),respectively,we determined the variation of mass ratio of binding states of Zn and Cu in soil by Tessier sequential extraction procedure,and investigated the effects of two deicing salts on binding states of typical heavy metals in soil.The results show that NaCl has more obvious effect on heavy metals in soil than CMA,and the higher the concentration of NaCl,the greater the difference.Both Zn and Cu in soil tend to be converted into exchangeable state under the action of immersion of deicing salts,and exchangeable state of Zn increases by 115% at most.The leaching effect of deicing salts has a great effect on binding state of Zn,compared with distilled water leaching,the exchangeable and carbonate states of Zn are reduceed by 30% and 20%,respectively,the effect on binding state of Cu is minor.The organic/sulfide binding state and residual state of Zn and Cu are little affected by immersion and leaching of deicing salts.CMA is more environment-friendly than NaCl deicing salts.
Using laboratory simulation method,soil was soaked and leached with sodium chloride(NaCl)and calcium magnesium acetate(CMA),respectively,we determined the variation of mass ratio of binding states of Zn and Cu in soil by Tessier sequential extraction procedure,and investigated the effects of two deicing salts on binding states of typical heavy metals in soil.The results show that NaCl has more obvious effect on heavy metals in soil than CMA,and the higher the concentration of NaCl,the greater the difference.Both Zn and Cu in soil tend to be converted into exchangeable state under the action of immersion of deicing salts,and exchangeable state of Zn increases by 115% at most.The leaching effect of deicing salts has a great effect on binding state of Zn,compared with distilled water leaching,the exchangeable and carbonate states of Zn are reduceed by 30% and 20%,respectively,the effect on binding state of Cu is minor.The organic/sulfide binding state and residual state of Zn and Cu are little affected by immersion and leaching of deicing salts.CMA is more environment-friendly than NaCl deicing salts.
引文
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[3]AZOVTSEVA N A,SMAGIN A V.Dynamics of Physical and Physicochemical Properties of Urban Soils under the Effect of Ice-Melting Salts[J].Eurasian Soil Science,2018,51(1):120-129.
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[5]余海英,孔亚平,张科利,等.融雪剂在路域土壤中的累积、扩散及其对土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):182-185.(YU Haiying,KONG Yaping,ZHANG Keli,et al.Accumulation and Translocation of Deicing Salts in Roadside Soils and Their Effects on Soil Properties[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(6):182-185.)
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[7]许英梅,张秋民,姜慧明,等.由木醋液制醋酸钙镁盐类环保型融雪剂研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2007,47(4):494-496.(XU Yingmei,ZHANG Qiumin,JIANG Huiming,et al.Preparation of Environment Friendly Calcium-Magnesium Acetate Deicers from Pyroligneous Liquid[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2007,47(4):494-496.)
[8]张娜,黄成林,李莹莹,等.2008年初合肥市雪灾后融雪剂残留的研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2009,36(1):90-95.(ZHANG Na,HUANG Chenglin,LI Yingying,et al.Analysis of Residue of Agent for Snow Melting in Soil during the Snow Storm in Early 2008in Hefei[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2009,36(1):90-95.)
[9]MA Wenchao,TAI Lingyu,QIAO Zhi,et al.Contamination Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil around Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator:A Case Study in North China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,631/632(8):348-357.
[10]PAGNANELLI F,MOSCARDINI E,GIULIANO V,et al.Sequential Extraction of Heavy Metals in River Sediments of an Abandoned Pyrite Mining Area:Pollution Detection and Affinity Series[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,132(2):189-201.
[11]ALONSO E,SANTOS A,CALLEJN M,et al.Speciation as a Screening Tool for the Determination of Heavy Metal Surface Water Pollution in the Guadiama River Basin[J].Chemosphere,2004,56(6):561-570.
[12]DIJKSTRA J J,MEEUSSEN J C L,COMANS R N J.Leaching of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils:An Experimental and Modeling Study[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,38(16):4390-4395.
[13]ZHUANG Ping,MCBRIDE M B,XIA Hanping,et al.Health Risk from Heavy Metals via Consumption of Food Crops in the Vicinity of Dabaoshan Mine,South China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(5):1551-1561.
[14]WANG Shiling,LIN Chunye,CAO Xuezhi.Heavy Metals Content and Distribution in the Surface Sediments of the Guangzhou Section of the Pearl River,Southern China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64:1593-1605.
[15]曹勤英,黄志宏.污染土壤重金属形态分析及其影响因素研究进展[J].生态科学,2017,36(6):222-232.(CAOQinying,HUANG Zhihong.Review on Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals in Polluted Soils and Its Influencing Factors[J].Ecological Science,2017,36(6):222-232.)
[16]RENNERT T,RINKLEB J.Modelling the Potential Mobility of Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn in Mollic Fluvisols[J].Environmenta Geochemistry and Health,2017,39(6):1291-1304.
[17]冯守中,冒卫星,刘立湘,等.融雪剂对环境的影响和评价[J].辽宁化工,2018,47(9):947-950.(FENG Shouzhong,MAO Weixing,LIU Lixiang,et al.Effect and Evaluation of Snow-Melting Agent on the Environment[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2018,47(9):947-950.)
[18]TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[19]NRIAGU J O,BROWN P D.Jamaica:Heavy Metals in the Natural and Anthropic Environments[M]//Encyclopedia of Environmental Health.Amsterdam:Elsevier,2011:315-322.
[20]EGENE C E,POUCKE R,van,OK Y S,et al.Impact of Organic Amendments(Biochar,Compost and Peat)on Cd and Zn Mobility and Solubility in Contaminated Soil of the Campine Region after Three Years[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,626(1):195-202.
[21]MARSICO A D,SCRANO L,AMATO M,et al.Mucilage from Seeds of Chia(Salvia hispanica L.)Used as Soil Conditioner;Effects on the Sorption-Desorption of Four Herbicides in Three Different Soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,625(1):531-538.
[22]BCKSTROM M,KARLSSON S,BACKMAN L,et al.Mobilisation of Heavy Metals by Deicing Salts in a Roadside Environment[J].Water Research,2004,38(3):720-732.
[23]杨秀敏,任广萌,李立新,等.土壤pH值对重金属形态的影响及其相关性研究[J].中国矿业,2017,26(6):79-83.(YANG Xiumin,REN Guangmeng,LI Lixin,et al.Effect of pH Value on Heavy Metals Form of Soil and Their Relationship[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(6):79-83.)
[24]WENG Liping,TEMMINGOFF E J M,LOFTS S,et al.Complexation with Dissolved Organic Matter and Solubility Control of Heavy Metals in a Sandy Soil[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2002,36(22):4804-4810.
[25]董明明.利用工业废渣生产环保型醋酸钙镁融雪剂及融雪能力测试[J].交通世界,2016(7/8/9):194-195.(DONG Mingming.Production of Environmental Calcium Magnesium Acetate Deicing Salts with Industrial Wastes and Its Snowmelt Ability Test[J].Transpoworld,2016(7/8/9):194-195.)
[26]高文文,刘景双,王洋.有机质对冻融黑土重金属Zn赋存形态的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):147-151.(GAO Wenwen,LIU Jingshuang,WANG Yang.Effect of Organic Matter on Fractional Transformation of Zn in Black Soils under Freeze-Thaw Cycle[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(1):147-151.)
[27]SHI Zhenqing,TORO D M D,ALLEN H E,et al.A General Model for Kinetics of Heavy Metal.Adsorption and Desorption on Soils[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2013,47(8):3761-3767.
[28]RAMOS K,PELEOVUORI T,HARTIKAINEN H.Effects of De-icing Chemicals Sodium Chloride and Potassium Formate on Cadmium Solubility in a Coarse Mineral Soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,366(2/3):819-825.
[29]宋凤敏.陕西典型铁尾矿库区土壤重金属迁移及其修复研究[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2016.(SONG Fengmin.Research on Migration and Restoration of Heavy Metal in the Typical Iron Tailings Region of Shaanxi Province,China[D].Xianyang:Northwest A&F University,2016.)
[30]张凤杰.铜在土壤上的吸附行为及共存污染物对其吸附的影响[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.(ZHANG Fengjie.Sorption of Copper on Soil and the Effects of the Coexisted Contaminants on the Sorption of Copper[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013.)
[2]CUNNINGHAM M A,SNYDER E,YONKIN D,et al.Accumulation of Deicing Salts in Soils in an Urban Environment[J].Urban Ecosystems,2008,11(1):17-37.
[3]AZOVTSEVA N A,SMAGIN A V.Dynamics of Physical and Physicochemical Properties of Urban Soils under the Effect of Ice-Melting Salts[J].Eurasian Soil Science,2018,51(1):120-129.
[4]单丽岩,田霜,胡清.氯盐类融雪剂对路域植物和土壤的影响研究[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(3):89-95.(SHAN Liyan,TIAN Shuang,HU Qing.Effect of Deicing Chloride Salts on Roadside Plants and Soil[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2016,23(3):89-95.)
[5]余海英,孔亚平,张科利,等.融雪剂在路域土壤中的累积、扩散及其对土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):182-185.(YU Haiying,KONG Yaping,ZHANG Keli,et al.Accumulation and Translocation of Deicing Salts in Roadside Soils and Their Effects on Soil Properties[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(6):182-185.)
[6]严霞,李法云,刘桐武,等.化学融雪剂对生态环境的影响[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2209-2214.(YAN Xia,LI Fayun,LIU Tongwu,et al.Effects of Deicing Chemicals on Ecological Environment[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(12):2209-2214.)
[7]许英梅,张秋民,姜慧明,等.由木醋液制醋酸钙镁盐类环保型融雪剂研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2007,47(4):494-496.(XU Yingmei,ZHANG Qiumin,JIANG Huiming,et al.Preparation of Environment Friendly Calcium-Magnesium Acetate Deicers from Pyroligneous Liquid[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2007,47(4):494-496.)
[8]张娜,黄成林,李莹莹,等.2008年初合肥市雪灾后融雪剂残留的研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2009,36(1):90-95.(ZHANG Na,HUANG Chenglin,LI Yingying,et al.Analysis of Residue of Agent for Snow Melting in Soil during the Snow Storm in Early 2008in Hefei[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2009,36(1):90-95.)
[9]MA Wenchao,TAI Lingyu,QIAO Zhi,et al.Contamination Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil around Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator:A Case Study in North China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,631/632(8):348-357.
[10]PAGNANELLI F,MOSCARDINI E,GIULIANO V,et al.Sequential Extraction of Heavy Metals in River Sediments of an Abandoned Pyrite Mining Area:Pollution Detection and Affinity Series[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,132(2):189-201.
[11]ALONSO E,SANTOS A,CALLEJN M,et al.Speciation as a Screening Tool for the Determination of Heavy Metal Surface Water Pollution in the Guadiama River Basin[J].Chemosphere,2004,56(6):561-570.
[12]DIJKSTRA J J,MEEUSSEN J C L,COMANS R N J.Leaching of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils:An Experimental and Modeling Study[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,38(16):4390-4395.
[13]ZHUANG Ping,MCBRIDE M B,XIA Hanping,et al.Health Risk from Heavy Metals via Consumption of Food Crops in the Vicinity of Dabaoshan Mine,South China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(5):1551-1561.
[14]WANG Shiling,LIN Chunye,CAO Xuezhi.Heavy Metals Content and Distribution in the Surface Sediments of the Guangzhou Section of the Pearl River,Southern China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64:1593-1605.
[15]曹勤英,黄志宏.污染土壤重金属形态分析及其影响因素研究进展[J].生态科学,2017,36(6):222-232.(CAOQinying,HUANG Zhihong.Review on Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals in Polluted Soils and Its Influencing Factors[J].Ecological Science,2017,36(6):222-232.)
[16]RENNERT T,RINKLEB J.Modelling the Potential Mobility of Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn in Mollic Fluvisols[J].Environmenta Geochemistry and Health,2017,39(6):1291-1304.
[17]冯守中,冒卫星,刘立湘,等.融雪剂对环境的影响和评价[J].辽宁化工,2018,47(9):947-950.(FENG Shouzhong,MAO Weixing,LIU Lixiang,et al.Effect and Evaluation of Snow-Melting Agent on the Environment[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2018,47(9):947-950.)
[18]TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[19]NRIAGU J O,BROWN P D.Jamaica:Heavy Metals in the Natural and Anthropic Environments[M]//Encyclopedia of Environmental Health.Amsterdam:Elsevier,2011:315-322.
[20]EGENE C E,POUCKE R,van,OK Y S,et al.Impact of Organic Amendments(Biochar,Compost and Peat)on Cd and Zn Mobility and Solubility in Contaminated Soil of the Campine Region after Three Years[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,626(1):195-202.
[21]MARSICO A D,SCRANO L,AMATO M,et al.Mucilage from Seeds of Chia(Salvia hispanica L.)Used as Soil Conditioner;Effects on the Sorption-Desorption of Four Herbicides in Three Different Soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,625(1):531-538.
[22]BCKSTROM M,KARLSSON S,BACKMAN L,et al.Mobilisation of Heavy Metals by Deicing Salts in a Roadside Environment[J].Water Research,2004,38(3):720-732.
[23]杨秀敏,任广萌,李立新,等.土壤pH值对重金属形态的影响及其相关性研究[J].中国矿业,2017,26(6):79-83.(YANG Xiumin,REN Guangmeng,LI Lixin,et al.Effect of pH Value on Heavy Metals Form of Soil and Their Relationship[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(6):79-83.)
[24]WENG Liping,TEMMINGOFF E J M,LOFTS S,et al.Complexation with Dissolved Organic Matter and Solubility Control of Heavy Metals in a Sandy Soil[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2002,36(22):4804-4810.
[25]董明明.利用工业废渣生产环保型醋酸钙镁融雪剂及融雪能力测试[J].交通世界,2016(7/8/9):194-195.(DONG Mingming.Production of Environmental Calcium Magnesium Acetate Deicing Salts with Industrial Wastes and Its Snowmelt Ability Test[J].Transpoworld,2016(7/8/9):194-195.)
[26]高文文,刘景双,王洋.有机质对冻融黑土重金属Zn赋存形态的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):147-151.(GAO Wenwen,LIU Jingshuang,WANG Yang.Effect of Organic Matter on Fractional Transformation of Zn in Black Soils under Freeze-Thaw Cycle[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(1):147-151.)
[27]SHI Zhenqing,TORO D M D,ALLEN H E,et al.A General Model for Kinetics of Heavy Metal.Adsorption and Desorption on Soils[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2013,47(8):3761-3767.
[28]RAMOS K,PELEOVUORI T,HARTIKAINEN H.Effects of De-icing Chemicals Sodium Chloride and Potassium Formate on Cadmium Solubility in a Coarse Mineral Soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,366(2/3):819-825.
[29]宋凤敏.陕西典型铁尾矿库区土壤重金属迁移及其修复研究[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2016.(SONG Fengmin.Research on Migration and Restoration of Heavy Metal in the Typical Iron Tailings Region of Shaanxi Province,China[D].Xianyang:Northwest A&F University,2016.)
[30]张凤杰.铜在土壤上的吸附行为及共存污染物对其吸附的影响[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.(ZHANG Fengjie.Sorption of Copper on Soil and the Effects of the Coexisted Contaminants on the Sorption of Copper[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013.)