不同血缘玉米自交系茎秆品质性状分析及功能鉴定
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摘要
试验以600份不同血缘的玉米自交系茎秆为材料,利用近红外光谱仪分别对茎秆中酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、纤维素(CEL)、半纤维素(HCEL)、体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)等6个品质性状及与倒伏相关的3个性状茎秆茎粗(SD)、穿刺强度(RPR)、抗弯折能力(S)进行了测定与分析,并对细胞结构进行了扫描电镜观察。结果表明:供试材料中6个与茎秆资源化利用相关的性状ADF、NDF、CEL、ADL、HCEL及IVDMD均存在广泛的遗传差异。IVDMD的变化范围最大为12.04%～58.77%,ADL的变化范围最小为1.06%～6.93%。IVDMD与其他5个品质性状间均存在显著或极显著负相关关系。NDF和ADL对IVDMD的影响较大,二者合计可以解释56.18%的表型变异,茎粗、纤维素和半纤维素对茎秆消化率的影响较小。与倒伏相关的3个性状茎粗、抗弯折能力及穿刺强度经测定发现,倒伏率与茎粗、抗弯折能力及穿刺强度均成极显著负相关关系。抗弯折能力变幅、变异系数均为最大,分别为15.10%～93.80%和29.36%。回归分析结果显示,抗弯折能力对倒伏率的贡献达到极显著水平,抗弯折能力可以解释25%的表型变异。经扫描电镜观察发现,品质性状差异显著的自交系茎秆,其细胞结构特征差异明显。本研究为玉米茎秆饲料化、能源化及抗倒伏育种提供了材料基础和理论依据。
In this study, 600 different maize inbred stalks were used as test materials for analyzing their stalk quality traits and functions. 6 quality traits, including acidic washing fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid washing lignin(ADL), cellulose(CEL), hemicellulose(HCEL), and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD), and 3 lodging-related traits including stalk diameter(SD), puncture strength(RPR), and bending resistance(S) were measured and analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy. The cell structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that there were extensive genetic differences among the six traits related to stalk resource utilization, which were ADF, NDF,CEL, ADL, HCEL and IVDMD. The range of IVDMD varies from 12.04% to 58.77%, and the range of ADL varies from1.06% to 6.93%. There was a significant or extremely significant negative correlations between IVDMD and the other five quality traits. NDF and ADL have a greater impact on IVDMD. The combination of the two can explain 56.18% of phenotypic variation. Stem thickness, cellulose and hemicellulose have little effect on stem digestibility. The stems, bending resistance and puncture strength of the three traits related to lodging were measured and analyzed, and it was found that the lodging rate had extremely significant negative correlation with stem diameter, bending resistance and puncture strength.The amplitude and coefficient of variation of resistance to bending were all the largest, which were 15.10%-93.80% and29.36% respectively. The regression analysis showed that the contribution of the bending resistance to the lodging rate reached a very significant level, and the bending resistance ability explained 25% of the phenotypic variation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the cell structure characteristics of the inbred stalks with significant differences in quality traits were significantly different. The research provides a material basis and theoretical basis for corn stalk feed, energy and lodging resistance breeding.
In this study, 600 different maize inbred stalks were used as test materials for analyzing their stalk quality traits and functions. 6 quality traits, including acidic washing fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid washing lignin(ADL), cellulose(CEL), hemicellulose(HCEL), and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD), and 3 lodging-related traits including stalk diameter(SD), puncture strength(RPR), and bending resistance(S) were measured and analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy. The cell structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that there were extensive genetic differences among the six traits related to stalk resource utilization, which were ADF, NDF,CEL, ADL, HCEL and IVDMD. The range of IVDMD varies from 12.04% to 58.77%, and the range of ADL varies from1.06% to 6.93%. There was a significant or extremely significant negative correlations between IVDMD and the other five quality traits. NDF and ADL have a greater impact on IVDMD. The combination of the two can explain 56.18% of phenotypic variation. Stem thickness, cellulose and hemicellulose have little effect on stem digestibility. The stems, bending resistance and puncture strength of the three traits related to lodging were measured and analyzed, and it was found that the lodging rate had extremely significant negative correlation with stem diameter, bending resistance and puncture strength.The amplitude and coefficient of variation of resistance to bending were all the largest, which were 15.10%-93.80% and29.36% respectively. The regression analysis showed that the contribution of the bending resistance to the lodging rate reached a very significant level, and the bending resistance ability explained 25% of the phenotypic variation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the cell structure characteristics of the inbred stalks with significant differences in quality traits were significantly different. The research provides a material basis and theoretical basis for corn stalk feed, energy and lodging resistance breeding.
引文
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[12]吴军,白琪林,苏胜宝,等.近红外反射光谱法分析玉米秸秆纤维素含量的研究[J].分析化学,2005,33(10):1421-1423.
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[14]李鑫,李永祥,吴迅,等.中国重要玉米自交系种质资源子粒性状特征分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(1):1-5.
[15]王雨琼.提高玉米秸秆饲喂绵羊利用效率的研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2018.
[16]于秀芳,刘海燕,于维.玉米秸秆及青贮饲料的细胞壁成分体外消化性能比较[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008(5):155-156.
[17]周汉林,莫放,李琼,等.日粮中性洗涤纤维水平对中国荷斯坦公牛营养物质消化率的影响[J].海南大学学报:自然科学版,2006,24(3):275-283.
[18]吴军.高油玉米茎秆青贮品质分析和营养价值评价[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.
[19]Huang R,Su R,Qi W,et al.Bioconversion of lignocellulose into bioethanol:process intensification and mechanism research[J].Bioenergy Research,2011,4(4):225-245.
[20]Oyarce P,De Meester B,Fonseca F,et al.Introducing c u r c u m i n b i o s y n t h e s i s i n A r a b i d o p s i s e n h a n c e s lignocellulosic biomass processing.[J]Nat Plants,2019,doi:10.1038/s41477-018-0350-3.
[21]Kang M S,DinA K,Zhang Y D,et al.Combining ability for rind puncture resistance in maize[J].Crop Science,1999,39(2):368-371.
[22]勾玲,黄建军,孙锐,等.玉米不同耐密植品种茎秆穿刺强度的变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):156-162.
[23]Kong E,Liu D,Guo X,et al.Anatomical and chemical characteristics associated with lodging resistance in wheat[J].The Crop Journal,2013,1(1):43-49.
[24]Radu A,Paraschivu U.Use of genetic estimates in breeding maize for resistance to stem breakage[J].Lucrari stiintifice(Romania),1994,7:70-80
[25]Stojsin R,Ivanovic M,Kojic L,et al.Inheritance of grain-yield and several stalk characteristics significant in resistance to stalk lodging in maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Maydica,1991,36:75-81
[26]史旭洋,钱程,刘艳,等.不同方法预处理的玉米茎秆结构与酶解分析[J].分析化学,2018,46(9):1501-1506.
[2]石平,白琪林,陈稳良.玉米自交系茎秆品质性状鉴定与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(1):29-34.
[3]Li K,Wang H,Hu X,et al.Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic basis of stalk cell wall components in maize[J].PLoS One,2016,11:e0158906.
[4]靳英杰,李鸿萍,安盼盼,等.玉米抗倒性研究进展[J].玉米科学,2019,27(2):94-98+105.
[5]薛军,王群,李璐璐,等.玉米生理成熟后倒伏变化及其影响因素[J].作物学报,2018,44(12):1782-1792.
[6]Sangoi L,Gracietti M A,Rampazzo C,et al.Response of Brazilian maize hybrids from different eras to changes in plant density[J].Field Crops Research,2002,79:39-51.
[7]Martin S A,Darrah L L,Hibbard B E.Divergent selection for rind penetrometer resistance and its effects on european corn borer damage and stalk traits in corn[J].Crop Science,2004,44(3):711-717.
[8]Zhang J,Li G,Song Y,et al.Lodging resistance characteristics of high-yielding rice populations[J].Field Crops Research,2014,161:64-74.
[9]马延华,孙德全,李绥艳,等.玉米茎皮抗穿刺强度与形态性状和化学成分含量间的相关分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(4):1-4.
[10]王敏玲,孙海霞,钟荣珍,等.利用体外消化率评价青贮品质的问题探讨[J].草地学报,2011,19(4):678-681.
[11]白琪林,陈绍江,董晓玲,等.近红外漫反射光谱法测定玉米茎秆体外干物质消化率[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26:271-274.
[12]吴军,白琪林,苏胜宝,等.近红外反射光谱法分析玉米秸秆纤维素含量的研究[J].分析化学,2005,33(10):1421-1423.
[13]马飞前,刘小刚,王红武,等.玉米茎秆纤维品质性状及其相关分析[J].作物杂志,2014(4):44-48.
[14]李鑫,李永祥,吴迅,等.中国重要玉米自交系种质资源子粒性状特征分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(1):1-5.
[15]王雨琼.提高玉米秸秆饲喂绵羊利用效率的研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2018.
[16]于秀芳,刘海燕,于维.玉米秸秆及青贮饲料的细胞壁成分体外消化性能比较[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008(5):155-156.
[17]周汉林,莫放,李琼,等.日粮中性洗涤纤维水平对中国荷斯坦公牛营养物质消化率的影响[J].海南大学学报:自然科学版,2006,24(3):275-283.
[18]吴军.高油玉米茎秆青贮品质分析和营养价值评价[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.
[19]Huang R,Su R,Qi W,et al.Bioconversion of lignocellulose into bioethanol:process intensification and mechanism research[J].Bioenergy Research,2011,4(4):225-245.
[20]Oyarce P,De Meester B,Fonseca F,et al.Introducing c u r c u m i n b i o s y n t h e s i s i n A r a b i d o p s i s e n h a n c e s lignocellulosic biomass processing.[J]Nat Plants,2019,doi:10.1038/s41477-018-0350-3.
[21]Kang M S,DinA K,Zhang Y D,et al.Combining ability for rind puncture resistance in maize[J].Crop Science,1999,39(2):368-371.
[22]勾玲,黄建军,孙锐,等.玉米不同耐密植品种茎秆穿刺强度的变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):156-162.
[23]Kong E,Liu D,Guo X,et al.Anatomical and chemical characteristics associated with lodging resistance in wheat[J].The Crop Journal,2013,1(1):43-49.
[24]Radu A,Paraschivu U.Use of genetic estimates in breeding maize for resistance to stem breakage[J].Lucrari stiintifice(Romania),1994,7:70-80
[25]Stojsin R,Ivanovic M,Kojic L,et al.Inheritance of grain-yield and several stalk characteristics significant in resistance to stalk lodging in maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Maydica,1991,36:75-81
[26]史旭洋,钱程,刘艳,等.不同方法预处理的玉米茎秆结构与酶解分析[J].分析化学,2018,46(9):1501-1506.