大视场空间可见光相机的杂散光分析与抑制
|
摘要
空间相机用于对空间暗弱目标的探测与监视,视场外杂散光的进入会降低像面对比度,严重时甚至会导致相机无法工作。大视场光学系统对杂散光尤为敏感。针对此问题,本文以一大视场空间相机为例,分析其杂散光的来源,通过研究杂光传输机理并总结抑制措施。为满足其轻小型的指标要求,在尺寸限制下分别设计挡光环垂直光轴和倾斜的遮光罩及光阑等消杂光结构。TracePro软件仿真结果显示:倾斜挡光环遮光罩的效果更好,该结构在杂光抑制角外的的点源透过率(PST)均达到10~(-7)量级,系统至少可以满足6. 5星等目标的探测,验证本文消杂光结构方案的有效性,为后续的系统优化提供了一定的参考。
Space cameras are used for the detection and observation of a faint target in space. Image contrast degrades once stray light arrives at the detector such that the camera can sometimes fail. Optical systems with wide fields of view are particular sensitive to the stray light. Therefore,this paper analyzes the source of stray light for a space camera with a large field of view and summarizes suppression measurements through the research of stray radiation energy transmission theory. To satisfy the required size indicators,a vertical optical axis and the inclined hood are designed within a limited size so that the light shading structure can be discontinued. Results from a Tracepro simulation show that baffle with lean vane leads to better suppression of stray light,and that the point source transmittance out of the rejection angles of the system is at 10~(-7). The system can detect at least 6. 5 M stars. The suppression technique is proven to be effective and can be used as a reference for further optimization and design.
Space cameras are used for the detection and observation of a faint target in space. Image contrast degrades once stray light arrives at the detector such that the camera can sometimes fail. Optical systems with wide fields of view are particular sensitive to the stray light. Therefore,this paper analyzes the source of stray light for a space camera with a large field of view and summarizes suppression measurements through the research of stray radiation energy transmission theory. To satisfy the required size indicators,a vertical optical axis and the inclined hood are designed within a limited size so that the light shading structure can be discontinued. Results from a Tracepro simulation show that baffle with lean vane leads to better suppression of stray light,and that the point source transmittance out of the rejection angles of the system is at 10~(-7). The system can detect at least 6. 5 M stars. The suppression technique is proven to be effective and can be used as a reference for further optimization and design.
引文
[1]梁斌,朱海龙,张涛,等.星敏感器技术研究现状及发展趋势[J].中国光学,2016,9(1):16-29.LIANG B,ZHU H L,ZHANG T,et al..Research status and development tendency of star tracker technique[J].Chinese Optics,2016,9(1):16-29.(in Chinese)
[2]王秀红,李俊峰,王彦荣.天基照相机监测空间目标定轨方法及精度分析[J].光学精密工程,2013,32(6):1394-1403.WANG X H,LI J F,WANG Y R.Orbit determination and precision analysis of space object with space-based camera[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2013,32(6):1394-1403.(in Chinese)
[3]张科科,周峰,傅丹鹰.天基空间目标监视可见光遥感器研究[J].航天返回与遥感,2005,26(4):10-14.ZHANG K K,ZHOU F,FU D Y.Research on space-based surveillance visible sensor[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2005,26(4):10-14.(in Chinese)
[4]冯凯,李丹明,李居平,等.空间碎片监测及清除技术研究进展[J].真空与低温,2016,22(6):335-339.FENG K,LI D M,LI J P,et al..Research status of space debris surveillance and removal techniques[J].Vacuum&Cryogenics,2016,22(6):335-339.(in Chinese)
[5]颜昌翔,许杰,彭岩.离轴三反空间光学望远系统的杂散光抑制[J].光学精密工程,2010,18(2):289-293.YAN CH X,XU J,PENG Y.Stray light suppression of three-mirror off-axis space optical telescope[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2010,18(2):289-293.(in Chinese)
[6]徐亮,赵建科,周艳,等.长焦距、大视场空间观测相机光学系统设计[J].光学与光电技术,2010,8(6):64-66.XU L,ZHAO J K,ZHOU Y,et al..Optical design of space observation camera with long focal length and wide field of view[J].Optics&Optoelectronic Technology,2010,8(6):64-66.(in Chinese)
[7]廖志波,伏瑞敏,宗肖颖.星敏感器反射式遮光罩设计[J].红外与激光工程,2011,40(1):66-69.LIAO ZH B,FU R M,ZONG X Y.Design of specular baffle of star sensor[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2011,40(1):66-69.(in Chinese)
[8]石栋梁,肖琴,练敏隆.高分四号-卫星相机杂散光分析与抑制技术研究[J].航天返回与遥感,2016,37(5):49-57.SHI D L,XIAO Q,LIAN M L.Research on stray light analysis and restrain of GF-4 satellite camera[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2016,37(5):49-57.(in Chinese)
[9]PETERSON G L,JOHNSTON S C,THOMAS J.“Specular baffles”[J].Proceedings of SPIE,1992,1753:65-76.
[10]王威,陈凡胜.静止轨道对地观测成像系统外遮光罩设计[J].中国激光,2014,41(9):0916001.WANG W,CHEN F SH.Design of baffle of imaging system for earth observation on geostationary earth orbit[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2014,41(9):0916001.(in Chinese)
[11]陆强.地球同步轨道空间相机杂散光分析与应用技术的研究[D].上海:中国科学院上海技术物理研究所,2016.LU Q.Study on stray light analysis and application technology of the earth synchronous orbit space camera[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics,2016.(in Chinese)
[12]李芸,相里斌,李立波.一种新型空间相机遮光罩的设计与仿真[J].光电工程,2010,37(7):41-45.LI Y,XIANG L B,LI L B.Design and simulation of the baffle of a new type space camera[J].Opto-Electronic Engineering,2010,37(7):41-45.(in Chinese)
[13]《光学仪器设计手册》编辑组.光学仪器设计手册(下)[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1971:618-621.Editorial of Optical Instrument Design Manual.Optical Instrument Design Manual(part 2)[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1971:618-621.(in Chinese)
[14]杨利华,樊学武,余舜京,等.一种新型挡光环的设计[J].应用光学,2010,31(1):29-33.YANG L H,FAN X W,YU SH J,et al..Design of a new-style vane[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2010,31(1):29-33.(in Chinese)
[15]李洋,廖志波,穆生博,等.星敏感器杂散光抑制方法及仿真分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42(12):2660-2664.LI Y,LIAO ZH B,MU SH B,et al..Stray light suppressing technique and simulation for star sensor[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2016,42(12):2660-2664.(in Chinese)
[16]钟兴,贾继强.空间相机消杂光设计及仿真[J].光学精密工程,2009,17(3):621-625.ZHONG X,JIA J Q.Stray light removing design and simulation of spaceborne camera[J].Opt.Precision.Eng.,2009,17(3):621-625.(in Chinese)
[17]姚亚萍.天文知识[M].苏州:苏州大学出版社,1999:21-28.YAO Y P.Astronomy[M].Suzhou:Soochow University Press,1999:21-28.(in Chinese)
[18]SUN CH M,ZHAO F,ZHANG Z.Stray light analysis of large aperture optical telescope using Tracepro[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2014,9298:929181F.
[19]舒星星,刘卫林.可见光光学系统杂散光折制[J].激光与光电子学进展,2014,51(12):121101.SHU X X,LIU W L.Suppression of stray light in visible light optical system[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2014,51(12):121101.(in Chinese)
[20]李婷,杨建峰,阮萍,等.月基光学天文望远镜(LOT)的杂散光分析[J].光子学报,2007,36(增刊):136-141.LI T,YANG J F,RUAN P,et al..Stray light analysis of lunar based astronomy optical telescope[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2007,36(s1):136-141.(in Chinese)
[2]王秀红,李俊峰,王彦荣.天基照相机监测空间目标定轨方法及精度分析[J].光学精密工程,2013,32(6):1394-1403.WANG X H,LI J F,WANG Y R.Orbit determination and precision analysis of space object with space-based camera[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2013,32(6):1394-1403.(in Chinese)
[3]张科科,周峰,傅丹鹰.天基空间目标监视可见光遥感器研究[J].航天返回与遥感,2005,26(4):10-14.ZHANG K K,ZHOU F,FU D Y.Research on space-based surveillance visible sensor[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2005,26(4):10-14.(in Chinese)
[4]冯凯,李丹明,李居平,等.空间碎片监测及清除技术研究进展[J].真空与低温,2016,22(6):335-339.FENG K,LI D M,LI J P,et al..Research status of space debris surveillance and removal techniques[J].Vacuum&Cryogenics,2016,22(6):335-339.(in Chinese)
[5]颜昌翔,许杰,彭岩.离轴三反空间光学望远系统的杂散光抑制[J].光学精密工程,2010,18(2):289-293.YAN CH X,XU J,PENG Y.Stray light suppression of three-mirror off-axis space optical telescope[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2010,18(2):289-293.(in Chinese)
[6]徐亮,赵建科,周艳,等.长焦距、大视场空间观测相机光学系统设计[J].光学与光电技术,2010,8(6):64-66.XU L,ZHAO J K,ZHOU Y,et al..Optical design of space observation camera with long focal length and wide field of view[J].Optics&Optoelectronic Technology,2010,8(6):64-66.(in Chinese)
[7]廖志波,伏瑞敏,宗肖颖.星敏感器反射式遮光罩设计[J].红外与激光工程,2011,40(1):66-69.LIAO ZH B,FU R M,ZONG X Y.Design of specular baffle of star sensor[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2011,40(1):66-69.(in Chinese)
[8]石栋梁,肖琴,练敏隆.高分四号-卫星相机杂散光分析与抑制技术研究[J].航天返回与遥感,2016,37(5):49-57.SHI D L,XIAO Q,LIAN M L.Research on stray light analysis and restrain of GF-4 satellite camera[J].Spacecraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2016,37(5):49-57.(in Chinese)
[9]PETERSON G L,JOHNSTON S C,THOMAS J.“Specular baffles”[J].Proceedings of SPIE,1992,1753:65-76.
[10]王威,陈凡胜.静止轨道对地观测成像系统外遮光罩设计[J].中国激光,2014,41(9):0916001.WANG W,CHEN F SH.Design of baffle of imaging system for earth observation on geostationary earth orbit[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2014,41(9):0916001.(in Chinese)
[11]陆强.地球同步轨道空间相机杂散光分析与应用技术的研究[D].上海:中国科学院上海技术物理研究所,2016.LU Q.Study on stray light analysis and application technology of the earth synchronous orbit space camera[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics,2016.(in Chinese)
[12]李芸,相里斌,李立波.一种新型空间相机遮光罩的设计与仿真[J].光电工程,2010,37(7):41-45.LI Y,XIANG L B,LI L B.Design and simulation of the baffle of a new type space camera[J].Opto-Electronic Engineering,2010,37(7):41-45.(in Chinese)
[13]《光学仪器设计手册》编辑组.光学仪器设计手册(下)[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1971:618-621.Editorial of Optical Instrument Design Manual.Optical Instrument Design Manual(part 2)[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1971:618-621.(in Chinese)
[14]杨利华,樊学武,余舜京,等.一种新型挡光环的设计[J].应用光学,2010,31(1):29-33.YANG L H,FAN X W,YU SH J,et al..Design of a new-style vane[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2010,31(1):29-33.(in Chinese)
[15]李洋,廖志波,穆生博,等.星敏感器杂散光抑制方法及仿真分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42(12):2660-2664.LI Y,LIAO ZH B,MU SH B,et al..Stray light suppressing technique and simulation for star sensor[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2016,42(12):2660-2664.(in Chinese)
[16]钟兴,贾继强.空间相机消杂光设计及仿真[J].光学精密工程,2009,17(3):621-625.ZHONG X,JIA J Q.Stray light removing design and simulation of spaceborne camera[J].Opt.Precision.Eng.,2009,17(3):621-625.(in Chinese)
[17]姚亚萍.天文知识[M].苏州:苏州大学出版社,1999:21-28.YAO Y P.Astronomy[M].Suzhou:Soochow University Press,1999:21-28.(in Chinese)
[18]SUN CH M,ZHAO F,ZHANG Z.Stray light analysis of large aperture optical telescope using Tracepro[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2014,9298:929181F.
[19]舒星星,刘卫林.可见光光学系统杂散光折制[J].激光与光电子学进展,2014,51(12):121101.SHU X X,LIU W L.Suppression of stray light in visible light optical system[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2014,51(12):121101.(in Chinese)
[20]李婷,杨建峰,阮萍,等.月基光学天文望远镜(LOT)的杂散光分析[J].光子学报,2007,36(增刊):136-141.LI T,YANG J F,RUAN P,et al..Stray light analysis of lunar based astronomy optical telescope[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2007,36(s1):136-141.(in Chinese)