基于生态位模型的广东省孵化器发展水平及适宜度评价
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摘要
基于生态学视角,提出孵化器生态位概念,从经济—技术—社会资源3个维度构建孵化器生态位评价指标体系,利用生态位模型,对广东省18个地市2014～2016年孵化器发展水平、发展协调度以及发展适宜度进行综合评价。结果表明:1)孵化器具有显著的空间集聚特征,经济发达地区孵化器生态位更高;2)广州和珠海两地孵化器社会资源生态位滞后于经济、技术生态位,社会资源是两地孵化器发展的关键"生态因子";东莞、佛山两地孵化器技术生态位稍显不足,未来应加强孵化器技术资源的供给;粤东西北地区孵化器发展水平落后,各方资源仍有待挖掘和发展;3)广州市孵化器发展适宜度最高,粤东西北地区孵化器发展进化动量值较大,未来发展空间广阔。
Based on ecological perspective, the concept of incubator niche was proposed, and the incubator niche evaluation index system was constructed from three dimensions: economic-technical-social resources. On this basis, the niche model was used to evaluate the development level, development coordination degree and development suitability of incubators in 18 cities of Guangdong Province. The results show that:(1) while incubators have significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, they have higher niche in developed regions;(2) the social resource niche of the incubators in Guangzhou and Zhuhai lags behind the economic and technical niche, and social resources are the key "ecological factors" for incubators in these two cities; the technical niche of incubators in Dongguan and Foshan is slightly insufficient, which should be strengthened in the future; with the development level of incubators in the eastern western and northern regions backward, all resources need to be excavated and developed;(3) incubators in Guangzhou have highest development suitability, and the incubators in eastern, western and northern regions have high evolutionary momentum.
Based on ecological perspective, the concept of incubator niche was proposed, and the incubator niche evaluation index system was constructed from three dimensions: economic-technical-social resources. On this basis, the niche model was used to evaluate the development level, development coordination degree and development suitability of incubators in 18 cities of Guangdong Province. The results show that:(1) while incubators have significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, they have higher niche in developed regions;(2) the social resource niche of the incubators in Guangzhou and Zhuhai lags behind the economic and technical niche, and social resources are the key "ecological factors" for incubators in these two cities; the technical niche of incubators in Dongguan and Foshan is slightly insufficient, which should be strengthened in the future; with the development level of incubators in the eastern western and northern regions backward, all resources need to be excavated and developed;(3) incubators in Guangzhou have highest development suitability, and the incubators in eastern, western and northern regions have high evolutionary momentum.
引文
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[2]王书升.基于生态位视角的广东省孵化器可持续发展评价研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2017.WANG Shusheng. The study on evaluation of incubator’s sustainable development of Guangdong Province in view of niche[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2017.
[3]王路昊,王程韡.孵化器的概念及其角色演变——基于《人民日报》数据库的扎根理论分析[J].科学学研究, 2014,32(4):493-500.WANG Luhao, WANG Chengwei. The concept of incubator and its role evolution——based on the rooted theory analysis of People’s Daily Database[J]. Science Research, 2014, 32(4):493-500.
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[8]牛玉颖,肖建华.智力资本视角下的科技企业孵化器绩效评价指标研究[J].科技进步与对策, 2013, 30(3):117-122.NIU Yuying, XIAO Jianhua. Study on performance evaluation index of technology business incubator from the perspective of intellectual capital[J]. Science&Technology Progress and Policy, 2013, 30(3):117-122.
[9]曾志坚,张倩倩,左楠.基于模糊层次分析法的科技企业孵化器评价体系研究[J].财经理论与实践, 2014, 35(6):119-122.ZENG Zhijian, ZHANG Qianqian, ZUO Nan. Study on the evaluation system of technology business incubator based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process[J]. The Theory and Practice of Finance and Economics, 2014, 35(6):119-122.
[10]姚爽,岳玉珠,黄玮强,等.基于主客观集成赋权思想的科技企业孵化器绩效评价研究——以辽宁省为例[J].科技进步与对策, 2012, 29(21):113-117.YAO Shuang, YUE Yuzhu, HUANG Weiqiang, et al. Study on performance evaluation of technology business incubator based on subjective and objective integration empowerment——taking Liaoning Province as an example[J]. Science&Technology Progress and Policy, 2012, 29(21):113-117.
[11]翁莉,殷媛.长三角地区科技企业孵化器运行效率分析——以上海、杭州和南京为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016, 37(3):106-115.WENG Li, YIN Yuan. Analysis on the operation efficiency of technology business incubators in the Yangtze River Delta Region——taking Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing as examples[J]. Science of Science and Technology Management,2016, 37(3):106-115.
[12]KAKABADSE N K, MCGOWAN C. What matters in business incubation? A literature review and a suggestion for situated theorising[J]. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2014, 21(4):602-622.
[13]GRINNELL J. Field tests of theories concerning distributional control[J]. American Naturalist, 1917, 51(602):115-128.
[14]HUTCHINSON G E. Concluding remarks[J]. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, 1957, 57(1507):239.
[15]朱春全.生态位态势理论与扩充假说[J].生态学报, 1997,17(3):324-332.ZHU Chunquan. The niche ecostate-ecorole theory and expansion hypothesis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1997, 17(3):324-332.
[16]边伟军,刘文光.科技创业企业种群生态位测度方法研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2014, 35(12):148-157.BIAN Weijun, LIU Wenguang. Study on the measurement method of population niche of science and technology entrepreneurial Enterprises[J]. Science of Science and Technology Management, 2014, 35(12):148-157.
[17]李淑娟,陈静.基于生态位理论的山东省区域旅游竞合研究[J].经济地理, 2014, 34(9):179-185.LI Shujuan, CHEN Jing. Study on regional tourism competition and cooperation in Shandong Province based on niche theory[J].Economic Geography, 2014, 34(9):179-185.
[18]杨士弘.城市生态环境学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999:115-117.
[19]刘洪久,胡彦蓉,马卫民.区域创新生态系统适宜度与经济发展的关系研究[J].中国管理科学, 2013, 21(S2):764-770.LIU Hongjiu, HU Yanrong, MA Weimin. Ecological system suitability of regional innovation and correlation of economic development[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2013,21(S2):764-770.
[20]徐盈之,吴海明.环境约束下区域协调发展水平综合效率的实证研究[J].中国工业经济, 2010(8):34-44.XU Yingzhi, WU Haiming. Empirical study on coordinated the comprehensive efficiency of the level of regional development considering environmental factors[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2010(8):34-44.
[21]段祖亮,张小雷,雷军,等.天山北坡城市群城市多维生态位研究[J].中国科学院大学学报, 2014, 31(4):506-516.DUAN Zuliang, ZHANG Xiaolei, LEI Jun, et al. Study on urban multidimensional niche of urban agglomeration on northern slope of Tianshan Mountain[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014, 31(4):506-516.
[2]王书升.基于生态位视角的广东省孵化器可持续发展评价研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2017.WANG Shusheng. The study on evaluation of incubator’s sustainable development of Guangdong Province in view of niche[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2017.
[3]王路昊,王程韡.孵化器的概念及其角色演变——基于《人民日报》数据库的扎根理论分析[J].科学学研究, 2014,32(4):493-500.WANG Luhao, WANG Chengwei. The concept of incubator and its role evolution——based on the rooted theory analysis of People’s Daily Database[J]. Science Research, 2014, 32(4):493-500.
[4]王黎明.论孵化器的目标、功能与发展制约因素[J].经济问题探索, 2005(1):124-126.WANG Liming. On the objectives, functions and development constraints of incubator[J]. Inquiry into Economic Issues,2005(1):124-126.
[5]罗峰.企业孵化器商业模式价值创造分析[J].管理世界,2014(8):180-181.LUO Feng. Analysis of value creation of business model of business incubator[J]. Management World, 2014(8):180-181.
[6]郭俊峰,霍国庆,袁永娜.基于价值链的科技企业孵化器的盈利模式分析[J].科研管理, 2013, 34(2):69-76.GUO Junfeng, HUO Guoqing, YUAN Yongna. The profit-making model of science and technology enterprise incubators in China based on value chain[J]. Science Research Management,2013, 34(2):69-76.
[7]张力,聂鸣.企业孵化器分类和绩效评价模型研究综述[J].外国经济与管理, 2009, 31(5):60-65.ZHANG Li, NIE Ming. Summary of research on classification and performance evaluation models of business incubators[J].Foreign Economy and Management, 2009, 31(5):60-65.
[8]牛玉颖,肖建华.智力资本视角下的科技企业孵化器绩效评价指标研究[J].科技进步与对策, 2013, 30(3):117-122.NIU Yuying, XIAO Jianhua. Study on performance evaluation index of technology business incubator from the perspective of intellectual capital[J]. Science&Technology Progress and Policy, 2013, 30(3):117-122.
[9]曾志坚,张倩倩,左楠.基于模糊层次分析法的科技企业孵化器评价体系研究[J].财经理论与实践, 2014, 35(6):119-122.ZENG Zhijian, ZHANG Qianqian, ZUO Nan. Study on the evaluation system of technology business incubator based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process[J]. The Theory and Practice of Finance and Economics, 2014, 35(6):119-122.
[10]姚爽,岳玉珠,黄玮强,等.基于主客观集成赋权思想的科技企业孵化器绩效评价研究——以辽宁省为例[J].科技进步与对策, 2012, 29(21):113-117.YAO Shuang, YUE Yuzhu, HUANG Weiqiang, et al. Study on performance evaluation of technology business incubator based on subjective and objective integration empowerment——taking Liaoning Province as an example[J]. Science&Technology Progress and Policy, 2012, 29(21):113-117.
[11]翁莉,殷媛.长三角地区科技企业孵化器运行效率分析——以上海、杭州和南京为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016, 37(3):106-115.WENG Li, YIN Yuan. Analysis on the operation efficiency of technology business incubators in the Yangtze River Delta Region——taking Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing as examples[J]. Science of Science and Technology Management,2016, 37(3):106-115.
[12]KAKABADSE N K, MCGOWAN C. What matters in business incubation? A literature review and a suggestion for situated theorising[J]. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2014, 21(4):602-622.
[13]GRINNELL J. Field tests of theories concerning distributional control[J]. American Naturalist, 1917, 51(602):115-128.
[14]HUTCHINSON G E. Concluding remarks[J]. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, 1957, 57(1507):239.
[15]朱春全.生态位态势理论与扩充假说[J].生态学报, 1997,17(3):324-332.ZHU Chunquan. The niche ecostate-ecorole theory and expansion hypothesis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1997, 17(3):324-332.
[16]边伟军,刘文光.科技创业企业种群生态位测度方法研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2014, 35(12):148-157.BIAN Weijun, LIU Wenguang. Study on the measurement method of population niche of science and technology entrepreneurial Enterprises[J]. Science of Science and Technology Management, 2014, 35(12):148-157.
[17]李淑娟,陈静.基于生态位理论的山东省区域旅游竞合研究[J].经济地理, 2014, 34(9):179-185.LI Shujuan, CHEN Jing. Study on regional tourism competition and cooperation in Shandong Province based on niche theory[J].Economic Geography, 2014, 34(9):179-185.
[18]杨士弘.城市生态环境学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999:115-117.
[19]刘洪久,胡彦蓉,马卫民.区域创新生态系统适宜度与经济发展的关系研究[J].中国管理科学, 2013, 21(S2):764-770.LIU Hongjiu, HU Yanrong, MA Weimin. Ecological system suitability of regional innovation and correlation of economic development[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2013,21(S2):764-770.
[20]徐盈之,吴海明.环境约束下区域协调发展水平综合效率的实证研究[J].中国工业经济, 2010(8):34-44.XU Yingzhi, WU Haiming. Empirical study on coordinated the comprehensive efficiency of the level of regional development considering environmental factors[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2010(8):34-44.
[21]段祖亮,张小雷,雷军,等.天山北坡城市群城市多维生态位研究[J].中国科学院大学学报, 2014, 31(4):506-516.DUAN Zuliang, ZHANG Xiaolei, LEI Jun, et al. Study on urban multidimensional niche of urban agglomeration on northern slope of Tianshan Mountain[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014, 31(4):506-516.