不同队服色系对比赛中裁判判罚的影响——以篮球和足球项目为例
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摘要
研究以2005—2015年中国足球和篮球联赛共9 668场比赛数据为基础,检验运动员(队)队服颜色对裁判员在比赛中判罚犯规次数的影响。结果显示,(1)在男子足球项目中,不同色系队服球队在比赛中被判犯规次数之间不存在显著差异;(2)在篮球项目中,不同色系队服球队在比赛中被裁判判犯规次数之间存在显著差异,暖色系队服球队在比赛中获得了显著高于冷色系和中色系队服球队的判犯规次数;(3)队服色系对裁判在比赛中判罚的影响不受主客场因素的影响。
Based on the data of 9 668 Chinese football and basketball league games played between 2005 and 2015, this research verified the effects of player(team) uniform colors on the numbers of fouls judged by referees in competitions, and revealed the following findings: 1) in the men's football event, there was no significant difference between the numbers of fouls judged by referees in competitions on teams wearing different color series team uniforms; 2) in the basketball event, there was a significant difference between the numbers of fouls judged by referees in competitions on teams wearing different color series team uniforms: those teams wearing a warm color series team uniform got a number of fouls judged by referees in competitions significantly greater than that gotten by those teams wearing a cool color series team uniform; 3) the effects of team uniform color series on judgments made by referees in competitions were not affected by the home and away courts factor.
Based on the data of 9 668 Chinese football and basketball league games played between 2005 and 2015, this research verified the effects of player(team) uniform colors on the numbers of fouls judged by referees in competitions, and revealed the following findings: 1) in the men's football event, there was no significant difference between the numbers of fouls judged by referees in competitions on teams wearing different color series team uniforms; 2) in the basketball event, there was a significant difference between the numbers of fouls judged by referees in competitions on teams wearing different color series team uniforms: those teams wearing a warm color series team uniform got a number of fouls judged by referees in competitions significantly greater than that gotten by those teams wearing a cool color series team uniform; 3) the effects of team uniform color series on judgments made by referees in competitions were not affected by the home and away courts factor.
引文
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[4]蒙华,黄鹤.颜色对运动员情绪的影响[J].体育文化导刊,2009(1):42-45.
[5]孙青青,陈本友,赵伶俐.颜色偏好研究进展[J].心理科学,2011,34(6):1332-1337.
[6]江宇,张力为,陈荔.颜色对人的温度感的影响——对运动员心理调节的启示[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(10):1348-1350.
[7]李方晖,刘承宜,伍人乐,等.队服颜色影响体育比赛成绩的内稳态研究[J].体育学刊,2008,15(12):96-100.
[8]LIU C Y,LIAO C J,LIU S H.Theoretical research on color indirect effects[J].Proc SPIE,1995,2393:346-356.
[9]HE L M,LIU T C Y,RUAN C X,et al.Autonomic nervous system mediated effects of sportswear color on performance[J].Lasers Surg Med,2008,40(S20):77.
[2]艾敏,刘玉红,漆晓红.颜色对人体生理和心理的影响[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(2):317-320.
[3]HILL R A,BARTON R A.Red enhances human performance in contests[J].Nature,2005,435:293.
[4]蒙华,黄鹤.颜色对运动员情绪的影响[J].体育文化导刊,2009(1):42-45.
[5]孙青青,陈本友,赵伶俐.颜色偏好研究进展[J].心理科学,2011,34(6):1332-1337.
[6]江宇,张力为,陈荔.颜色对人的温度感的影响——对运动员心理调节的启示[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(10):1348-1350.
[7]李方晖,刘承宜,伍人乐,等.队服颜色影响体育比赛成绩的内稳态研究[J].体育学刊,2008,15(12):96-100.
[8]LIU C Y,LIAO C J,LIU S H.Theoretical research on color indirect effects[J].Proc SPIE,1995,2393:346-356.
[9]HE L M,LIU T C Y,RUAN C X,et al.Autonomic nervous system mediated effects of sportswear color on performance[J].Lasers Surg Med,2008,40(S20):77.