甜菜稳产提糖栽培技术研究与应用
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摘要
为促进甘肃省甜菜生产发展,引进筛选出适宜本地种植的LN90910、HYB-74、MK4081、LN90909、MK4087等丰产高糖甜菜新品种,并积极开展适宜密度、地膜覆盖、科学施肥、合理轮作等稳产提糖配套栽培技术研究,经组装配套,在生产中推广应用成效明显。试验结果表明,引进适种甜菜品种的适宜种植密度为100 050～111 150株/hm~2;白色和黑色地膜全覆盖均对甜菜根产、含糖及节水有明显促进作用,黑色地膜略优于白色地膜;氮磷钾硼锌等营养素合理配比有利于提高甜菜产质量,氮肥过量不利于糖分积累;甜菜施用莱姆佳专用肥1125 kg/hm~2,比常规施肥增产,含糖增加,增加纯效益2443.5元/hm~2;重茬和迎茬的甜菜褐斑病、黄化毒病、丛根病和根腐病发病率分别比3年轮作高8.7～23.6、16.5～40.8、19.8～34.0和18.2～24.6个百分点,轮作年限越短各种病害越重。示范结果表明,在张掖市甘州区,示范推广面积150 hm~2,平均甜菜根产量达到85 200 kg/hm~2,含糖率16.6%;在武威市凉州区,示范推广面积110 hm~2,甜菜根产量达到88 440 kg/hm~2,含糖率15.7%;在酒泉肃州区,示范推广面积140 hm~2,平均甜菜根产量达到88 050 kg/hm~2,含糖率15.9%;示范区平均甜菜根产量增加14.0%～16.5%,含糖率提高1.5～2.0度,成效显著。本研究为甘肃甜菜生产发展提供适宜的集成栽培技术。
In order to promote the development of sugar beet production in Gansu province, new sugar beet varieties with high yield and high sugar content were introduced and locally tested, some of them such as LN90910, HYB-74, MK4081, LN90909 and MK4087 were suitable for local planting. In addition, the matching cultivation practices for improving yield and sucrose content were developed, such as suitable density, film mulching, scientific fertilization and rational rotation. These practices have been assembled and matched, their popularization and application contributed greatly to the sugar beet production. The results showed that the suitable planting density of sugar beet was 100 050-111 150 plants/ha; both white and black mulch had significant effects on sugar beet root yield, sugar content and water saving, and the effect of black one was slightly better than white one. The reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc and other nutrients was beneficial in improving the yield and quality of sugar beet. However, nitrogen fertilizer excess was not conducive to the sugar content. With application of Lemjia special fertilizer at the rate of 1 125 kg/ha, the yield and sugar content increased, and the net benefits increased by 2 443.5 yuan/ha. The incidence rate of beet leaf spot, yellow virus, rhizomania and root rot for 2 or 3-year continuous cropping were 8.7%-23.6%, 16.5%-40.8%, 19.8%-34.0% and 18.2%-24.6% higher than the 3-year rotation, respectively; the shorter the rotation, the more serious the diseases. The demonstration results showed that the demonstration extension area in Ganzhou district of Zhangye city was 150 ha, the average sugar beet root yield was 85 200 kg/ha, and the sugar content was 16.6%.The demonstration extension area in Liangzhou district of Wuwei city was 110 ha, the average sugar beet root yield was 88 440 kg/ha, and the sugar content was 15.7%. The demonstration extension area in Suzhou district of Jiuquan city was 140 ha, the average sugar beet root yield was 88 050 kg/ha, and the sugar content was 15.9%.The average of sugar beet root yield and the sugar content in all demonstration increased tremendously by 14.0%-16.5% and 1.5%-2.0%, respectively. These studies provided suitable integrated cultivation practices for sugar beet production and development of sugar industry in Gansu province.
In order to promote the development of sugar beet production in Gansu province, new sugar beet varieties with high yield and high sugar content were introduced and locally tested, some of them such as LN90910, HYB-74, MK4081, LN90909 and MK4087 were suitable for local planting. In addition, the matching cultivation practices for improving yield and sucrose content were developed, such as suitable density, film mulching, scientific fertilization and rational rotation. These practices have been assembled and matched, their popularization and application contributed greatly to the sugar beet production. The results showed that the suitable planting density of sugar beet was 100 050-111 150 plants/ha; both white and black mulch had significant effects on sugar beet root yield, sugar content and water saving, and the effect of black one was slightly better than white one. The reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc and other nutrients was beneficial in improving the yield and quality of sugar beet. However, nitrogen fertilizer excess was not conducive to the sugar content. With application of Lemjia special fertilizer at the rate of 1 125 kg/ha, the yield and sugar content increased, and the net benefits increased by 2 443.5 yuan/ha. The incidence rate of beet leaf spot, yellow virus, rhizomania and root rot for 2 or 3-year continuous cropping were 8.7%-23.6%, 16.5%-40.8%, 19.8%-34.0% and 18.2%-24.6% higher than the 3-year rotation, respectively; the shorter the rotation, the more serious the diseases. The demonstration results showed that the demonstration extension area in Ganzhou district of Zhangye city was 150 ha, the average sugar beet root yield was 85 200 kg/ha, and the sugar content was 16.6%.The demonstration extension area in Liangzhou district of Wuwei city was 110 ha, the average sugar beet root yield was 88 440 kg/ha, and the sugar content was 15.7%. The demonstration extension area in Suzhou district of Jiuquan city was 140 ha, the average sugar beet root yield was 88 050 kg/ha, and the sugar content was 15.9%.The average of sugar beet root yield and the sugar content in all demonstration increased tremendously by 14.0%-16.5% and 1.5%-2.0%, respectively. These studies provided suitable integrated cultivation practices for sugar beet production and development of sugar industry in Gansu province.
引文
[1]闫斌杰,何新春,赵丽梅,等.抗丛根病甜菜新品种ZT-6的选育[J].中国糖料,2018,40(3):7-9.
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[13]周东亮,叶丙鑫,王姣敏,张晶.黑色地膜双垄覆盖对马铃薯干物质和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2018(2):47-52.
[14]张小叶.黑色地膜对甜高粱杂草防除及增产效果[J].中国糖料,2015,37(6):44-46.
[15]郑毅,李庆会,范富,等.糖用甜菜氮磷钾配方施肥效益分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(1):77-82.
[16]李彦丽,马亚怀,柏章才.几种长残效除草剂残留导致甜菜药害的早期诊断[J].中国糖料,2015,37(6):42-43.
[17]范慧艳.甜菜坏死黄脉病毒侵染本生烟和大果甜菜的生物学、转录组学和蛋白质组学研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[18]谢金兰,李长宁,何为中,等.甘蔗化肥减量增效的栽培技术[J].中国糖料,2017,39(1):38-41.
[19]魏兰,邓军.耿马县甘蔗种植应用轻简高效集成栽培技术初见成效[J].中国糖料,2017,39(2):42-44.
[2]赵丽梅,闫斌杰,何新春,等.抗丛根病甜菜新品种HYB-74引种试验及应用研究[J].中国糖料,2018,40(4):3-5.
[3]白晓山,林明,杨洪泽,等.天山北麓甜菜节本稳产增糖栽培技术集成模式示范[J].中国糖料,2018,40(6):37-39.
[3]赵光毅,张彩云.2013—2016年酒泉市甜菜缺苗原因调查分析[J].中国糖料,2018,40(1):78-80.
[4]蔺多钰.提高河西走廊甜菜产量和品质的对策探讨[J].中国糖料,2018,40(2):75-77.
[5]李庆会,李志刚,智燕凤.专用肥与种植密度对甜菜的影响[J].中国糖料,2016,38(1):35-37.
[6]董心久,杨洪泽,高卫时,王燕飞.种植密度对不同类型甜菜品种产质量性状的影响[J].中国糖料,2016,38(5):30-31.
[7]高鹏斌,周玉萍.甜菜纸筒育苗栽培技术[J].中国甜菜糖业,2017(1):6-11.
[8]李智,李国龙,张永丰,等.膜下滴灌条件下高产甜菜灌溉的生理指标[J].作物学报,2017,43(11):1724-1730.
[9]林柏森,张福顺,吴玉梅.重茬对甜菜品质的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(6):81-85.
[10]赵国辉,王远斌,李满红,银赛,邵科.甜菜现代化配套种植技术示范及推广[J].中国糖料,2016,38(5):55-57.
[11]柏章才,张文彬,卢秉福.中国制糖产业转型升级主要影响因素分析[J].中国糖料,2018,40(5):62-65.
[12]高卫时,张立明,王燕飞,等.甜菜单胚雄不育杂交种XJT9907的选育[J].中国糖料,2018,40(4):1-2.
[13]周东亮,叶丙鑫,王姣敏,张晶.黑色地膜双垄覆盖对马铃薯干物质和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2018(2):47-52.
[14]张小叶.黑色地膜对甜高粱杂草防除及增产效果[J].中国糖料,2015,37(6):44-46.
[15]郑毅,李庆会,范富,等.糖用甜菜氮磷钾配方施肥效益分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(1):77-82.
[16]李彦丽,马亚怀,柏章才.几种长残效除草剂残留导致甜菜药害的早期诊断[J].中国糖料,2015,37(6):42-43.
[17]范慧艳.甜菜坏死黄脉病毒侵染本生烟和大果甜菜的生物学、转录组学和蛋白质组学研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[18]谢金兰,李长宁,何为中,等.甘蔗化肥减量增效的栽培技术[J].中国糖料,2017,39(1):38-41.
[19]魏兰,邓军.耿马县甘蔗种植应用轻简高效集成栽培技术初见成效[J].中国糖料,2017,39(2):42-44.