A~2/O工艺用于污水处理厂升级改造的适宜性探讨
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摘要
以国内普遍采用的A~2/O工艺为背景,通过与UCT工艺的模拟对比,揭示A~2/O在脱氮上略逊UCT,而在除磷方面明显落后于UCT。倒置A~2/O虽能避免回流污泥中的硝酸盐氮对厌氧释磷的影响,但却以牺牲生物除磷为代价。进言之,UCT较A~2/O可聚集更多反硝化除磷菌(DPB),这将最大化同步脱氮除磷作用,同时亦可节省曝气量。但是,UCT在生物除磷上的优越性会导致出水SS的高含磷量(5%~6%),所以,较高的出水SS(10 mg/L)肯定会产生较高的出水总磷(TP)。降低出水SS(5 mg/L)并辅助外加碳源或侧流磷沉淀,UCT工艺出水水质不仅可以满足国家一级A标准,甚至还能达到更为严格的北京地方排放标准的A标准。厌氧单元上清液侧流磷沉淀与外加碳源具有异曲同工之处,可以将化学除磷宏量效果好、生物除磷微量效果佳之特点发挥至极致,不仅避免了外加碳源,亦可实现磷回收。
On the background of the A~2/O process widely applied in China,comparative simulations between UCT and A~2/O demonstrate that A~2/O is a little bit inferior to UCT in N removal but falls behind UCT in P removal. Although the inverted A~2/O process can avoid the effect of nitrate in return sludge on anaerobic release of phosphate,this action will completely damage P removal. Moreover,UCT over A~2/O can accumulate more DPB in the system,which would enhance simultaneous N & P removal and also save aeration. However,the good behavior of UCT in P removal can result in a higher P content( 5%-6%) in effluent SS( 10 mg/L),which will definitely cause a higher TP concentration in effluent. Lowering SS( 5 mg/L) in effluent,associated with external carbon addition or phosphate precipitation in side stream,would meet the need of the state effluent discharge standards A and even reach the strict local standards of Beijing A. Phosphate precipitation in side stream and external carbon addition have different approaches but equally satisfactory results,which can apply chemical & biological P removals to the utmost,and also avoid adding external carbon and realize phosphate recovery.
On the background of the A~2/O process widely applied in China,comparative simulations between UCT and A~2/O demonstrate that A~2/O is a little bit inferior to UCT in N removal but falls behind UCT in P removal. Although the inverted A~2/O process can avoid the effect of nitrate in return sludge on anaerobic release of phosphate,this action will completely damage P removal. Moreover,UCT over A~2/O can accumulate more DPB in the system,which would enhance simultaneous N & P removal and also save aeration. However,the good behavior of UCT in P removal can result in a higher P content( 5%-6%) in effluent SS( 10 mg/L),which will definitely cause a higher TP concentration in effluent. Lowering SS( 5 mg/L) in effluent,associated with external carbon addition or phosphate precipitation in side stream,would meet the need of the state effluent discharge standards A and even reach the strict local standards of Beijing A. Phosphate precipitation in side stream and external carbon addition have different approaches but equally satisfactory results,which can apply chemical & biological P removals to the utmost,and also avoid adding external carbon and realize phosphate recovery.
引文
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[2]郝晓地.可持续污水-废物处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[3]叶长兵,周志明,吕伟,等.A2/O污水处理工艺研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(15):135-138.
[4]郝晓地,宋虹苇,胡沅胜,等.采用TUD模型动态模拟倒置A2/O工艺运行工况[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(16):85-89.
[5]郝晓地,宋虹苇,胡沅胜,等.采用TUD联合模型模拟倒置A2/O工艺的运行工况[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(5):1-4.
[6]郝晓地,仇付国,张璐平,等.应用数学模拟技术升级改造二级污水处理工艺[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(16):25-29.
[7]郝晓地,宋虹苇,胡沅胜,等.数学模拟技术用于污水处理工艺的运行诊断与优化[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(14):94-99.
[8]郝晓地,朱向东,马文瑾,等.模拟评价、优化北京某大型污水处理厂升级改造方案[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(17):14-19.
[9]郝晓地,宋虹苇,胡沅胜,等.数学模拟技术应用中的污水水质(COD)特征化方法[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(13):7-10.
[10]郭玉梅,吴毅辉,郭昉,等.某污水厂A2/O和倒置A2/O工艺脱氮除磷性能分析[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(5):2185-2190.
[11]汤芳,蒋延梅,荣颖慧,等.淄博市某城市污水处理厂运行效果分析[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2175-2183.
[12]李斯亮.A2/O工艺处理东北小城镇污水的优化运行及效能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.
[13]郝晓地,赵义,van Loosdrecht M C M,等.从微观机理认识污水处理厂的节能减排[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(4):89-94.
[14]Hao X D,van Loosdrecht M C M,Meijer S C F,et al.Model-based evaluation of a two-sludge system with denitrifying phosphate removal[J].J Environ Chem Eng,2001,127(2):112-118.
[15]Smolders G J F,van Loosdrecht M C M,Heijnen J J.Steady state analysis to evaluate the phosphate removal capacity and acetate requirement of biological phosphorus removing mainstream and side-stream process configurations[J].Water Res,1996,30(11):2748-2760.
[16]郝晓地,王崇臣,金文标.磷危机概观与磷回收技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011.
[17]van Loosdrecht M C M,Brandse F A,de Vries A C.Upgrading of waste water treatment processes for integrated nutrient removal—the BCFSprocess[J].Water Sci Technol,1998,37(9):209-217.