反硝化脱氮除磷-侧流磷回收工艺效能
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摘要
为了调查反硝化同步脱氮除磷-侧流磷回收新工艺的工艺效能,该试验在该工艺稳定运行条件下评价其污染物(化学需氧量、总氮、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P)去除能力和磷回收能力。结果表明:当进水中化学需氧量、总氮、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P的质量浓度为239.2~259.5、39.6~43.8、38.2~41.8和8.72~11.40 mg/L,出水中相应的质量浓度分别为15.2~21.6、8.5~9.6、3.6~4.7和0.31~0.49 mg/L,满足国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A排放标准;COD主要在厌氧池被去除,NH+4-N主要在好氧硝化池中去除;污水中磷的去除主要由诱导结晶磷回收和生物除磷两部分组成;整个工艺中,磷去除效率为95.9%,其中诱导结晶磷去除率占总去除效率的71.5%,表明该工艺具有较大磷回收潜力。此外,后置曝气池可对出水中COD、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P浓度起着把关作用,有助于提高出水水质。
Generally, it is unsuitable for treatment of domestic wastewater with a low C/N ratio by conventional wastewater treatment processes due to the lack of carbon source in sewage, probably leading to not meeting the A in first-grade sewage effluent discharge standard of GB18918-2002. For this, development of an economic and environmental friendly process for treating of domestic wastewater is urgent, which may provide a benefit for development of wastewater treatment technologies and enhancement of water environmental quality. Moreover, phosphorus is a non-renewable resource and the quantities of mineral phosphorus resources are rapidly decreasing in the world due to increase in demanding of the industrial and agricultural activities. Recovery of phosphorus is regarded as one of effective strategies for preventing exhaustion of phosphorous rock. Domestic wastewater and its treatment processes are commonly a potential source for phosphorus recovery, which may provide a new way for development of sewage treatment process linking nutrients removal with phosphorus recovery. In recent years, theories development in denitrifying simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal and induced crystallization may give a new idea and direction for exploitation of new domestic wastewater treatment process linking nutrients removal with phosphorus recovery. A novel process for nutrients biological and phosphorus recovery from domestic wastewater with a low C/N ratio was proposed in this study. Effectiveness of the new process of denitrifying simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal and side-stream phosphorus recovery was assessed by investigating the chemical oxygen demand( COD), total nitrogen( TN), ammonium nitrogen( NH+4- N) and phosphate( PO3-4- P) removal performances and phosphorus recovery efficiency. The wastewater with COD, TN, NH+4-N and PO3-4-P concentrations of239.2-259.5, 39.6-43.8, 38.2-41.8 and 8.72-11.40 mg/L, respectively, belongs to low C/N sewage. We used those low C/N ration waste water in the influent, and those in the effluent were 15.2-21.6, 8.5-9.6, 3.6-4.7 and 0.31-0.49 mg/L, meeting the A in first-grade sewage effluent discharge standard of GB18918-2002. The COD removal efficiency in anaerobic tank was significantly higher than that in other tanks and NH+4-N removal mainly occurred in the aerobic tank. In the process,phosphorus in the influent was removed mainly by denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms(DPAO) and induced hydroxyapatite(HAP) crystallization, where the phosphorus total removal efficiency was 95.9% obtained here and 71.5% of that was completed in the induced crystallization(IC) column, suggesting the advantages of the process in the phosphorus recovery. Moreover, the post-aeration tank can remove any surplus carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, thus contributing to enhance the water quality of effluent. The results obtained from here may serve as a new approach for nutrients removal combined with phosphorus recovery from domestic wastewater.
Generally, it is unsuitable for treatment of domestic wastewater with a low C/N ratio by conventional wastewater treatment processes due to the lack of carbon source in sewage, probably leading to not meeting the A in first-grade sewage effluent discharge standard of GB18918-2002. For this, development of an economic and environmental friendly process for treating of domestic wastewater is urgent, which may provide a benefit for development of wastewater treatment technologies and enhancement of water environmental quality. Moreover, phosphorus is a non-renewable resource and the quantities of mineral phosphorus resources are rapidly decreasing in the world due to increase in demanding of the industrial and agricultural activities. Recovery of phosphorus is regarded as one of effective strategies for preventing exhaustion of phosphorous rock. Domestic wastewater and its treatment processes are commonly a potential source for phosphorus recovery, which may provide a new way for development of sewage treatment process linking nutrients removal with phosphorus recovery. In recent years, theories development in denitrifying simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal and induced crystallization may give a new idea and direction for exploitation of new domestic wastewater treatment process linking nutrients removal with phosphorus recovery. A novel process for nutrients biological and phosphorus recovery from domestic wastewater with a low C/N ratio was proposed in this study. Effectiveness of the new process of denitrifying simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal and side-stream phosphorus recovery was assessed by investigating the chemical oxygen demand( COD), total nitrogen( TN), ammonium nitrogen( NH+4- N) and phosphate( PO3-4- P) removal performances and phosphorus recovery efficiency. The wastewater with COD, TN, NH+4-N and PO3-4-P concentrations of239.2-259.5, 39.6-43.8, 38.2-41.8 and 8.72-11.40 mg/L, respectively, belongs to low C/N sewage. We used those low C/N ration waste water in the influent, and those in the effluent were 15.2-21.6, 8.5-9.6, 3.6-4.7 and 0.31-0.49 mg/L, meeting the A in first-grade sewage effluent discharge standard of GB18918-2002. The COD removal efficiency in anaerobic tank was significantly higher than that in other tanks and NH+4-N removal mainly occurred in the aerobic tank. In the process,phosphorus in the influent was removed mainly by denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms(DPAO) and induced hydroxyapatite(HAP) crystallization, where the phosphorus total removal efficiency was 95.9% obtained here and 71.5% of that was completed in the induced crystallization(IC) column, suggesting the advantages of the process in the phosphorus recovery. Moreover, the post-aeration tank can remove any surplus carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, thus contributing to enhance the water quality of effluent. The results obtained from here may serve as a new approach for nutrients removal combined with phosphorus recovery from domestic wastewater.
引文
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[11]郝晓地,衣兰凯,王崇臣,等.磷回收技术的研发现状及发展趋势[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):897-907.Hao Xiaodi,Yi Lankai,Wang Chongchen,et al.Situation and prospects of phosphorus recovery techniques[J].Acta Scientia Circumstantia,2010,30(5):897-907.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[13]邹宇.化学沉淀法处理磷酸氢钙母液的研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2008.Zou Yu.Research on Treatment of Mother Solution of Calcium Hydrophosphate by Chemical Precipitation Method[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2008.
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[16]Haiming Zou,Xiwu Lu,Ting Li.A novel process for nutrients removal and phosphorus recovery from domestic wastewater by combining BNR with induced crystallization[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management,2014,22(4):274-283.
[17]Zou Haiming,Lu Xiwu,Li Ting.Effect of side-stream phosphorus recovery on biological phosphorus removal performance investigated by chemical and microbial analyses in a novel BNR-IC process[J].Water Science and Technology,2014,70(9):1441-1447.
[18]邹海明,吕锡武,史静,等.双污泥反硝化除磷-诱导磷结晶工艺中污泥的衰减特征[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(3):997-1003.Zou Haiming,Lu Xiwu,Shi Jing,et al.Decay characteristics of activated sludge in a two sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal process[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2014,45(3):997-1003.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]Zou Haiming,Lu Xiwu,Saad Abualhail,et al.Enrichment of PAO and DPAO responsible for phosphorus removal at low temperature[J].Environment Protection Engineering,2014,40(1):67-83.
[20]邹海明,吕锡武,李婷.诱导HAP结晶回收污水中的磷主要影响因素分析[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,43(5):1005-1010.Zou Haiming,Lu Xiwu,Li Ting.Analysis of major influential factors on phosphorus recovery from wastewater using induced HAP crystallization process[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2013,43(5):1005-1010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Guerrero J,Guisasola A,Baeza J A.The nature of the carbon source rules the competition between PAO and denitrifiers in systems for simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal[J].Water Research,2011,45(16):4793-4802.
[22]Wachtmeister A,Kuba T,Van Loosdrecht M,et al.A sludge characterization assay for aerobic and denitrifying phosphorus removing sludge[J].Water Research,1997,31(3):471-478.
[23]Yafeng L,Yamin Q,Peng X.Fast start-up of A2N denitrifying phosphorus and nitrogen removal system[C]//IEEE,Changsha,19-20 Feb.2011:1532-1535.
[24]Niu M F,Jiao H J,Xu L,et al.Start-up and cultivation of A2Ndenitrifying phosphorus and nitrogen removal System[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,610:1454-1458.
[2]陈永志,彭永臻,王建华,等.A2/O-曝气生物滤池工艺处理低C/N比生活污水脱氮除磷[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(10)1957-1963.Chen Yongzhi,Peng Yongzhen,Wang Jianhua,et al.Biologica phosphorus and nitrogen removal in low C/N ratio domesti sewage treatment by a A2/O-BAF combined system[J].Act Scientiae Circumstantia,2010,30(10):1957-1963.(in Chines with English abstract)
[3]Mielcarek A,Rodziewicz J,Janczukowicz W,et al.The feasibilit of citric acid as external carbon source for biological phosphoru removal in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)[J]Biochemical Engineering Journal,2015,93:102-107.
[4]操家顺,侯梁浩,方芳,等.温度及外加碳源对生物脱氮除磷过程的影响[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(6):2013-2018.Cao Jiashun,Hou Lianghao,Fang Fang,et al.Effect of temperatur and external carbon source on simultaneous nitrogen and phosphoru removal[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,20137(6):2013-2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Puig S,Coma M,Monclus H,et al.Selection between alcohol and volatile fatty acids as external carbon sources for EBPR[J]Water Research,2008,42(3):557-566.
[6]Zou Haiming,Lu Xiwu,Saad Abualhail.Characterization o microorganisms responsible for phosphorus removal linkin operation performance with microbial community structure a low temperature[J].Environmental Technology,2014,35(9):1101-1109.
[7]Muszynski A,Lebkowska M,Tabernacka A,et al.From macro t lab-scale:Changes in bacterial community led to deterioration o EBPR in lab reactor[J].Central European Journal of Biology2013,8(2):130-142.
[8]刘晖,孙彦富,周康群,等.PCR-DGGE法研究Sludge bio membrane(SB)系统中反硝化聚磷菌的变化[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(4):1167-1174.Liu Hui,Sun Yanfu,Zhou Kangqun,et al.Change of denitrifyin phosphate bacteria(DPB)in sludge bio-membrane system usin PCR-DGGE method[J].Journal of Central South University Science and Technology,2011,42(4):1167-1174.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Jiang Xinxin,Yang Jixian,Ma Fang,et al.Denitrifyin phosphorous removal in anaerobic/anoxic SBR system with different startup operation mode[J].Journal of Harbin Institute o Technology:New series,2010,17(6):824-829.
[10]LüXiaomei,Shao Mingfei,Li Chaolin,et al.A comparativ study of the bacterial community in denitrifying and traditiona enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes[J].Microbe and Environments,2014,29(3):261-268.
[11]郝晓地,衣兰凯,王崇臣,等.磷回收技术的研发现状及发展趋势[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):897-907.Hao Xiaodi,Yi Lankai,Wang Chongchen,et al.Situation and prospects of phosphorus recovery techniques[J].Acta Scientia Circumstantia,2010,30(5):897-907.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]De-Bashan L E,Bashan Y.Recent advances in removing phosphorus from wastewater and its future use as fertilizer(1997-2003)[J].Water Research,2004,38(19):4222-4246.
[13]邹宇.化学沉淀法处理磷酸氢钙母液的研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2008.Zou Yu.Research on Treatment of Mother Solution of Calcium Hydrophosphate by Chemical Precipitation Method[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2008.
[14]Kr觟ger,R,Dunne,E J,Novak J,et al.Downstream approaches to phosphorus management in agricultural landscapes:Regional applicability and use[J].Science of The Total Environment,2013,442:263-274.
[15]Cornel P,Schaum C.Phosphorus recovery from wastewater:needs,technologies and costs[J].Water Science and Technology,2009,59(6):1069-1076.
[16]Haiming Zou,Xiwu Lu,Ting Li.A novel process for nutrients removal and phosphorus recovery from domestic wastewater by combining BNR with induced crystallization[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management,2014,22(4):274-283.
[17]Zou Haiming,Lu Xiwu,Li Ting.Effect of side-stream phosphorus recovery on biological phosphorus removal performance investigated by chemical and microbial analyses in a novel BNR-IC process[J].Water Science and Technology,2014,70(9):1441-1447.
[18]邹海明,吕锡武,史静,等.双污泥反硝化除磷-诱导磷结晶工艺中污泥的衰减特征[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(3):997-1003.Zou Haiming,Lu Xiwu,Shi Jing,et al.Decay characteristics of activated sludge in a two sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal process[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2014,45(3):997-1003.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]Zou Haiming,Lu Xiwu,Saad Abualhail,et al.Enrichment of PAO and DPAO responsible for phosphorus removal at low temperature[J].Environment Protection Engineering,2014,40(1):67-83.
[20]邹海明,吕锡武,李婷.诱导HAP结晶回收污水中的磷主要影响因素分析[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,43(5):1005-1010.Zou Haiming,Lu Xiwu,Li Ting.Analysis of major influential factors on phosphorus recovery from wastewater using induced HAP crystallization process[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2013,43(5):1005-1010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Guerrero J,Guisasola A,Baeza J A.The nature of the carbon source rules the competition between PAO and denitrifiers in systems for simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal[J].Water Research,2011,45(16):4793-4802.
[22]Wachtmeister A,Kuba T,Van Loosdrecht M,et al.A sludge characterization assay for aerobic and denitrifying phosphorus removing sludge[J].Water Research,1997,31(3):471-478.
[23]Yafeng L,Yamin Q,Peng X.Fast start-up of A2N denitrifying phosphorus and nitrogen removal system[C]//IEEE,Changsha,19-20 Feb.2011:1532-1535.
[24]Niu M F,Jiao H J,Xu L,et al.Start-up and cultivation of A2Ndenitrifying phosphorus and nitrogen removal System[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,610:1454-1458.