苹果省力化修剪管理措施效果分析
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摘要
为探明苹果省力化修剪管理措施的效果,2016年在河北省邢台县浆水镇前南峪村苹果示范基地,采用田间调查、室内分析等方法,研究了苹果园不同修剪方式下的用工量、冠层光照强度、树体冠幅及其对果实品质的影响,结果表明:与常规修剪方法相比,省力化修剪每667m2用工减少2.3个,省工23%,每667m2年用工成本节省161元;省力化修剪和常规修剪方式的树冠上层相对光照强度分别为56.47%、37.07%,中层相对光照强度分别为33.14%、21.81%,下层相对光照强度分别为13.78%、8.01%,省力化修剪方式的各层相对光照强度均极显著高于常规修剪方式;省力化修剪方式的平均单果重为288.01g,果实单株产量为42.05kg,显著高于常规修剪方式,省力化修剪方式的果实可溶性固形物含量为14.58%,显著高于常规修剪方式。
In order to study the effect of labor-saving pruning managements,field investigation and laboratory analysis methods were used to study the quantity of labor and light intensities and fruit quality of different pruning managements in apple demonstration base of Qiannanyu village,Jiangshui township,Xingtai county,Hebei province.The results showed that the labor of labor-saving pruning reduced labor by 2.3 per 667 m2 and saved the labor of23%,and that labor-saving pruning method saved the cost of 161 yuan per 667 m2,compared with that of conventional pruning.The relative light intensities of the upper crown were 56.47% and 37.07%,respectively,the relative light intensities of the middle layer crown were 33.14%and 21.81%,and the relative light intensities of the lower layer crown were 13.78%and 8.01%;and the relative light intensities of labor-saving pruning of each layer were significantly higher than that of conventional pruning.The average fruit weights of labor-saving pruning was 288.01 g,fruit yields per plant was 42.05 kg,which were both significantly higher than those of conventional pruning;in the inner quality of the fruit,the soluble solids contents of labor-saving pruning was 14.58%,which was higher than that of conventional pruning treatment.
In order to study the effect of labor-saving pruning managements,field investigation and laboratory analysis methods were used to study the quantity of labor and light intensities and fruit quality of different pruning managements in apple demonstration base of Qiannanyu village,Jiangshui township,Xingtai county,Hebei province.The results showed that the labor of labor-saving pruning reduced labor by 2.3 per 667 m2 and saved the labor of23%,and that labor-saving pruning method saved the cost of 161 yuan per 667 m2,compared with that of conventional pruning.The relative light intensities of the upper crown were 56.47% and 37.07%,respectively,the relative light intensities of the middle layer crown were 33.14%and 21.81%,and the relative light intensities of the lower layer crown were 13.78%and 8.01%;and the relative light intensities of labor-saving pruning of each layer were significantly higher than that of conventional pruning.The average fruit weights of labor-saving pruning was 288.01 g,fruit yields per plant was 42.05 kg,which were both significantly higher than those of conventional pruning;in the inner quality of the fruit,the soluble solids contents of labor-saving pruning was 14.58%,which was higher than that of conventional pruning treatment.
引文
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[19]宋凯,魏钦平,岳玉苓,等.不同修剪方式对‘红富士’苹果密植园树冠光分布特征与产量品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(5):1224-1230.
[20]汶学斌,陈佰鸿,柳红英,等.不同拉枝角度对红富士苹果成花率、叶片和果实品质的影响[J].现代农业科技,2015(20):63-63.
[2]翟衡,史大川,束怀瑞.我国苹果产业发展现状与趋势[J].果树学报,2007,24(3):355-360.
[3]王金政,薛晓敏,路超.我国苹果生产现状与发展对策[J].山东农业科学,2010(6):117-119.
[4]杨振锋,丛佩华,聂继云,等.我国苹果产业现状、存在问题及建议[J].北方果树,2006(5):34-36.
[5]郭春华,程显敏,龙照春,等.寒地果树省力化栽培技术[J].北方果树,2014(4):39-39.
[6]王海萍.苹果开心形树形引进培养与表现[J].山西果树,2004(5):15-16.
[7]张雯.修剪和拉枝对红富士苹果冠层结构及生长结果的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010:1-56.
[8]马明,王田利,马将令.现代苹果树修剪技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社:2016:135-138.
[9]周咏梅.常绿果树整形修剪效应及机理研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2005:1-63.
[10]刘吉祥,阎永齐,刘照亭,等.夏季修剪对梨树新梢生长及成花的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(7):149-151.
[11]阮班录,李丙智,君广仁,等.改形修剪量对矮化红富士苹果枝类构成及结果的影响[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(6):210-211.
[12]张满让.拉枝角度对苹果生长发育及相关生理特性的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013:1-83.
[13]王宏伟,张连忠.修剪调节对郁闭苹果园果品生产的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(20):9451-9452.
[14]梁森苗,郑锡良,任海英,等.不同修剪方式对杨梅矮化提质效应的研究[J].中国农学通报,2017(34):97-102.
[15]温璐华,梁森苗,戚行江,等.不同枝类修剪对杨梅树冠生长及果实品质的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2017(7):182-185.
[16]赵丹,李惠,苏彦苹,等.不同土壤、立地类型对土壤含水率和苹果果实生长的影响[J].河北林果研究,2016,31(2):151-157.
[17]张玉娜,管押琴,巩峻豪,等.胶东半岛富士苹果叶营养元素分布规律研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2016,39(6):73-77.
[18]刘丹花.不同修剪留枝量连续多年处理对富士苹果生长和结果的效应[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014:1-35.
[19]宋凯,魏钦平,岳玉苓,等.不同修剪方式对‘红富士’苹果密植园树冠光分布特征与产量品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(5):1224-1230.
[20]汶学斌,陈佰鸿,柳红英,等.不同拉枝角度对红富士苹果成花率、叶片和果实品质的影响[J].现代农业科技,2015(20):63-63.