子女处于不同受教育阶段对农村已婚女性非农就业的影响
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摘要
基于国务院发展研究中心"中国民生指数研究"课题组开展的2015年陕西省681份入户调查数据,运用Probit模型从个体特征、家庭特征、外部环境特征、地区特征4个维度实证分析了子女处于不同受教育阶段对农村已婚女性非农就业的影响。研究发现:子女处于不同受教育阶段对农村已婚女性非农就业影响不同,当子女处于幼儿、学前班(幼儿园)、小学阶段时,会对农村已婚女性非农就业产生阻碍作用;当子女进入中学阶段后,会对农村已婚女性非农就业产生正向影响。边际效应分析结果表明,子女受教育程度每提升1个阶段,农村已婚女性非农就业概率增加6.11%。基于以上发现,从提高农村学前教育、基础教育保障水平、引入弹性工作制、实施就近产业结构调整策略、加强农村已婚女性职业技能培训等角度,提出提高农村家庭收入的建议。
Based on the 681 household survey data of Shaanxi Province conducted by the Chinese Livelihood Index Study Research Group of the Development Research Center of the State Council in 2015, this article uses Probit Model to empirically analyze the effect of children's educational stages on rural married women's non-agricultural employment from four perspectives: individual, family, external environment and regional characteristics. The results show that firstly, different educational stages of children have different effects on rural married women's non-agricultural employment. When children are in childhood, kindergarten and primary school stages, it is very unlikely for rural married women to seek non-agricultural employment. However, after their children enter secondary school, rural married women are more likely to take on a non-agricultural job. Secondly, the marginal effect analysis also indicate that each time children reach the next educational stage, the probability of rural married women taking on non-agricultural employment increase by 6.11%. This paper recommends improving rural pre-school and foundational education security level, advocating flexible working system, adjusting the nearby industrial structures and strengthening professional skills training.
Based on the 681 household survey data of Shaanxi Province conducted by the Chinese Livelihood Index Study Research Group of the Development Research Center of the State Council in 2015, this article uses Probit Model to empirically analyze the effect of children's educational stages on rural married women's non-agricultural employment from four perspectives: individual, family, external environment and regional characteristics. The results show that firstly, different educational stages of children have different effects on rural married women's non-agricultural employment. When children are in childhood, kindergarten and primary school stages, it is very unlikely for rural married women to seek non-agricultural employment. However, after their children enter secondary school, rural married women are more likely to take on a non-agricultural job. Secondly, the marginal effect analysis also indicate that each time children reach the next educational stage, the probability of rural married women taking on non-agricultural employment increase by 6.11%. This paper recommends improving rural pre-school and foundational education security level, advocating flexible working system, adjusting the nearby industrial structures and strengthening professional skills training.
引文
[1] 顾和军,刘云平. 非农就业、母亲照料与中国农村儿童教育[J]. 华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,12(2):114-119.
[2] 周春芳. 儿童看护、老人照料与农村已婚女性非农就业[J]. 农业技术经济,2013(11):94-102.
[3] 刘靖. 非农就业、母亲照料与儿童健康——来自中国乡村的证据[J]. 经济研究,2008(9):136-149.
[4] 刘岚,董晓媛,陈功,等. 照料父母对我国农村已婚妇女劳动时间分配的影响[J]. 世界经济文汇,2010(5):2-15.
[5] FIONA M,DONG XY. Women’s market work and household status in rural China,evidence from Jiangsu and Shandong in the late 1990s[J]. Feminist Economics,2007,13(3):93-124.
[6] 赵连阁,李旻. 农村妇女非农就业转移对自身及其子女教育的影响[J]. 中国人口科学,2008(4):74-80.
[7] 姚先国,谭岚. 家庭收入与中国城镇已婚妇女劳动参与决策分析[J]. 经济研究,2005(7):18-27.
[8] 刘妍,脱继强. 江苏省农村已婚女性劳动力非农就业的影响因素分析[J]. 中国人口科学,2008(2):88-94.
[9] 刘越,姚顺波. 农村已婚女性就业现状及其影响因素[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2016,16(5):129-135.
[10] 熊瑞祥,李辉文. 儿童照管、公共服务与农村已婚女性非农就业——来自CFPS数据的证据[J]. 经济学(季刊),2017,16(1):393-414.
[11] 王弘钰,崔宏静,周宏. 农村女性劳动力就近转移影响因素实证研究[J]. 人口学刊,2013,35(6):70-78.
[12] 孙项强,冯紫曦. 健康对我国农村家庭非农就业的影响:效率效应与配置效应——以江苏省灌南县和新沂市为例[J]. 农业经济问题,2015(8):28-34.
[13] JOSHUA D A,EVANS W. Children and their parents’ labor supply:evidence from exogenous variation in family size[J]. The American Economic Review,1998,88(3):450-477.
[14] 张川川. 子女数量对已婚女性劳动供给和工资的影响[J]. 人口与经济,2011(5):29-35.
[15] 魏宁,苏群. 生育对农村已婚妇女非农就业的影响研究[J]. 农业经济问题,2013(7):30-34.
[16] 王姮,董晓媛. 农村贫困地区家庭幼儿照料对女性非农就业的影响[J]. 人口与发展,2016,16(3):60-68.
[17] 吕开宇,迟宝旭,吴蓓蓓. 子女受教育状况在农户非农务工决策中的作用[J]. 中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2008,25(4):77-83.
[18] 加里·斯坦利·贝克尔. 家庭经济分析[M]. 彭松建,译. 北京:华夏出版社,1987:25-37.
[19] 杨志海,麦尔坦·吐尔逊,王雅鹏. 健康冲击对农村中老年人劳动供给的影响——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析[J]. 中国农村观察,2015(3):24-37.
[20] 加里·斯坦利·贝克尔. 家庭论[M]. 王献生,王宇,译. 北京:商务印书馆,1998:76-82.
[21] 李成. 消费者信心能预测产出波动吗?—来自中国的经验数据[J]. 经济学动态,2016(12):88-97.
[22] 商春荣,王曾惠. 农村已婚女性非农就业与农户土地转包[J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(3):62-70.
[23] 程名望,潘烜. 个人特征、家庭特征对农村非农就业影响的实证[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(2):94-99.
[24] 陈会广,张耀宇. 农村妇女职业分化对家庭土地流转意愿的影响研究——基于妇女留守务工与外出务工的比较[J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(3):57-65.
[25]尹木子. 女性流动人口参加社会保险的影响因素研究[J]. 大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,37(2):94-102.
[26]薛耀祖. 新型城镇化背景下城乡基本公共服务均衡配置的制度创新研究[J]. 大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,37(2):88-93.
[2] 周春芳. 儿童看护、老人照料与农村已婚女性非农就业[J]. 农业技术经济,2013(11):94-102.
[3] 刘靖. 非农就业、母亲照料与儿童健康——来自中国乡村的证据[J]. 经济研究,2008(9):136-149.
[4] 刘岚,董晓媛,陈功,等. 照料父母对我国农村已婚妇女劳动时间分配的影响[J]. 世界经济文汇,2010(5):2-15.
[5] FIONA M,DONG XY. Women’s market work and household status in rural China,evidence from Jiangsu and Shandong in the late 1990s[J]. Feminist Economics,2007,13(3):93-124.
[6] 赵连阁,李旻. 农村妇女非农就业转移对自身及其子女教育的影响[J]. 中国人口科学,2008(4):74-80.
[7] 姚先国,谭岚. 家庭收入与中国城镇已婚妇女劳动参与决策分析[J]. 经济研究,2005(7):18-27.
[8] 刘妍,脱继强. 江苏省农村已婚女性劳动力非农就业的影响因素分析[J]. 中国人口科学,2008(2):88-94.
[9] 刘越,姚顺波. 农村已婚女性就业现状及其影响因素[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2016,16(5):129-135.
[10] 熊瑞祥,李辉文. 儿童照管、公共服务与农村已婚女性非农就业——来自CFPS数据的证据[J]. 经济学(季刊),2017,16(1):393-414.
[11] 王弘钰,崔宏静,周宏. 农村女性劳动力就近转移影响因素实证研究[J]. 人口学刊,2013,35(6):70-78.
[12] 孙项强,冯紫曦. 健康对我国农村家庭非农就业的影响:效率效应与配置效应——以江苏省灌南县和新沂市为例[J]. 农业经济问题,2015(8):28-34.
[13] JOSHUA D A,EVANS W. Children and their parents’ labor supply:evidence from exogenous variation in family size[J]. The American Economic Review,1998,88(3):450-477.
[14] 张川川. 子女数量对已婚女性劳动供给和工资的影响[J]. 人口与经济,2011(5):29-35.
[15] 魏宁,苏群. 生育对农村已婚妇女非农就业的影响研究[J]. 农业经济问题,2013(7):30-34.
[16] 王姮,董晓媛. 农村贫困地区家庭幼儿照料对女性非农就业的影响[J]. 人口与发展,2016,16(3):60-68.
[17] 吕开宇,迟宝旭,吴蓓蓓. 子女受教育状况在农户非农务工决策中的作用[J]. 中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2008,25(4):77-83.
[18] 加里·斯坦利·贝克尔. 家庭经济分析[M]. 彭松建,译. 北京:华夏出版社,1987:25-37.
[19] 杨志海,麦尔坦·吐尔逊,王雅鹏. 健康冲击对农村中老年人劳动供给的影响——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析[J]. 中国农村观察,2015(3):24-37.
[20] 加里·斯坦利·贝克尔. 家庭论[M]. 王献生,王宇,译. 北京:商务印书馆,1998:76-82.
[21] 李成. 消费者信心能预测产出波动吗?—来自中国的经验数据[J]. 经济学动态,2016(12):88-97.
[22] 商春荣,王曾惠. 农村已婚女性非农就业与农户土地转包[J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(3):62-70.
[23] 程名望,潘烜. 个人特征、家庭特征对农村非农就业影响的实证[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(2):94-99.
[24] 陈会广,张耀宇. 农村妇女职业分化对家庭土地流转意愿的影响研究——基于妇女留守务工与外出务工的比较[J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(3):57-65.
[25]尹木子. 女性流动人口参加社会保险的影响因素研究[J]. 大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,37(2):94-102.
[26]薛耀祖. 新型城镇化背景下城乡基本公共服务均衡配置的制度创新研究[J]. 大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,37(2):88-93.