TiO_2纳米棒阵列光电化学性能的综合实验设计
|
摘要
运用水热合成路线制备出一种准直有序的TiO_2纳米棒阵列材料,采用XRD、SEM等手段对材料的形貌、结构进行表征,重点考察了TiCl_4预处理对TiO_2阵列光电化学性能的影响。结果表明,TiO_2纳米棒直径约150 nm,长度在2～3μm,整齐有序排列,其中经过60 mmol/L TiCl_4预处理的样品具有最佳的光电流密度。电化学阻抗谱结果表明,该样品的电极/电解液界面电荷转移电阻最小,这与该条件下得到的TiO_2纳米阵列的结晶质量增强有关。本实验原料廉价、操作简单,且涵盖多个知识点,不仅有利于培养本科生收集、整理、分析实验数据的技能,还可以培养他们发现问题和解决问题的综合创新能力。
A facile hydrothermal route has been adapted to prepare the vertically ordered TiO_2 nanorod arrays( NRAs),which were then characterized by X-ray diffraction( XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy( SEM). We focus our attentions towards the effect of TiCl_4 pretreatments on the actual photoelectro-chemical( PEC) performance of TiO_2 NRAs. The results suggested that the nanorods were ordered aligned, ～ 150 nm in diameter and 2 ～ 3 μm in length.Among them,the samples which were pretreated by 60 mmol/L TiCl_4 exhibited the highest photocurrent density. The electrochemical impedance spectra( EIS) suggested that this sample displayed the smallest transfer resistance across the electrode/electrolyte interface,which might be associated with the enhanced crystal quality of TiO_2 NRAs synthesized under this condition. The experiment owns a few advantages of low cost,easy operation and covering numerous knowledge. As a result,it could not only cultivate the students ' skills of collecting,sorting and analyzing the experimental data,but also cultivate their comprehensive creativity capabilities for discovering and solving the problems.
A facile hydrothermal route has been adapted to prepare the vertically ordered TiO_2 nanorod arrays( NRAs),which were then characterized by X-ray diffraction( XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy( SEM). We focus our attentions towards the effect of TiCl_4 pretreatments on the actual photoelectro-chemical( PEC) performance of TiO_2 NRAs. The results suggested that the nanorods were ordered aligned, ～ 150 nm in diameter and 2 ～ 3 μm in length.Among them,the samples which were pretreated by 60 mmol/L TiCl_4 exhibited the highest photocurrent density. The electrochemical impedance spectra( EIS) suggested that this sample displayed the smallest transfer resistance across the electrode/electrolyte interface,which might be associated with the enhanced crystal quality of TiO_2 NRAs synthesized under this condition. The experiment owns a few advantages of low cost,easy operation and covering numerous knowledge. As a result,it could not only cultivate the students ' skills of collecting,sorting and analyzing the experimental data,but also cultivate their comprehensive creativity capabilities for discovering and solving the problems.
引文
[1]Kim J H,Jang J-W,Jo Y H,et al.Hetero-type dual photoanodes for unbiased solar water splitting with extended light harvesting[J].Nature Communications,2016,7(1-9):13380.
[2]Fujishima A,Honda K.Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode[J].Nature,1972,238(S8):37-38.
[3]姚利珍,孔德生,杜玖瑶,等.表面钒修饰对α-Fe2O3材料光电化学性能的增强作用[J].物理化学学报,2015,31(10):1895-1904.
[4]李文,冷文华,牛振江,等.含氟水溶液中电化学刻蚀氟化WO3薄膜电极增强可见光光电化学性能[J].物理化学学报,2009,25(12):2427-2432.
[5]Sui M,Han C,Wang Y,et al.Photoelectrochemical studies on BiVO4 membranes deposition on transparent conductive substrates by a facile electrophoresis route[J].Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics,2016,27(5):4290-4296.
[6]Bai Z,Yan X,Kang Z,et al.Photoelectrochemical performance enhancement of ZnO photoanodes from ZnIn2S4nanosheets coating[J].Nano Energy,2015,14:392-400.
[7]宋端鸣,强颖怀,赵宇龙,等.CdS/TiO2纳米棒阵列复合电极制备及性能研究[J].微纳电子技术,2012,49(3):156-161.
[8]Liu Q,Lu H,Shi Z,et al.2D ZnIn2S4nanosheet/1D TiO2 nanorod heterostructure arrays for improved photoelectrochemical water splitting[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2014,6(19):17200-17207.
[9]王波,顾修全.染料敏化TiO2单晶纳米棒阵列太阳电池的性能[J].微纳电子技术,2012,49(5):306-312.
[10]Sui M,Han C,Gu X,et al.Photoelectrochemical characteristics of TiO2 nanorod arrays grown on fluorine doped tin oxide substrates by the facile seeding layer assisted hydrothermal method[J].Optoelectronics Letters,2016,12(3):161-165.
[11]Li S,Gu X,Zhao Y,et al.Photoelectrochemical determination of Pb2+ions by using TiO2 nanorod arrays grown on FTO substrates via a facile two-stage hydrothermal route[J].Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics,2016,27(8):8455-8463.
[12]Berhe S A,Nag S,Molinets Z,and Youngblood W J.Influence of seeding and bath conditions in hydrothermal growth of very thin(~20 nm)single-crystalline rutile TiO2nanorod films[J].ACSApplied Materials&Interfaces,2013,5(4):1181-1185.
[13]Lv M,Zheng D,Ye M,et al.Optimized porous rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays for enhancing the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Energy&Environmental Science,2013(6):1615-1622.
[14]Wolcott A,Smith W A,Kuykendall T R,et al.Photoelectrochemical water splitting using dense and aligned TiO2nanorod arrays[J].Small,2009,5(1):104-111.
[15]Wang X,Xie J,and Li C M.Architecting smart“umbrella”Bi2S3/rGO-modified TiO2 nanorod array structures at the nanoscale for efficient photoelectrocatalysis under visible light[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015(3):1235-1242.
[2]Fujishima A,Honda K.Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode[J].Nature,1972,238(S8):37-38.
[3]姚利珍,孔德生,杜玖瑶,等.表面钒修饰对α-Fe2O3材料光电化学性能的增强作用[J].物理化学学报,2015,31(10):1895-1904.
[4]李文,冷文华,牛振江,等.含氟水溶液中电化学刻蚀氟化WO3薄膜电极增强可见光光电化学性能[J].物理化学学报,2009,25(12):2427-2432.
[5]Sui M,Han C,Wang Y,et al.Photoelectrochemical studies on BiVO4 membranes deposition on transparent conductive substrates by a facile electrophoresis route[J].Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics,2016,27(5):4290-4296.
[6]Bai Z,Yan X,Kang Z,et al.Photoelectrochemical performance enhancement of ZnO photoanodes from ZnIn2S4nanosheets coating[J].Nano Energy,2015,14:392-400.
[7]宋端鸣,强颖怀,赵宇龙,等.CdS/TiO2纳米棒阵列复合电极制备及性能研究[J].微纳电子技术,2012,49(3):156-161.
[8]Liu Q,Lu H,Shi Z,et al.2D ZnIn2S4nanosheet/1D TiO2 nanorod heterostructure arrays for improved photoelectrochemical water splitting[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2014,6(19):17200-17207.
[9]王波,顾修全.染料敏化TiO2单晶纳米棒阵列太阳电池的性能[J].微纳电子技术,2012,49(5):306-312.
[10]Sui M,Han C,Gu X,et al.Photoelectrochemical characteristics of TiO2 nanorod arrays grown on fluorine doped tin oxide substrates by the facile seeding layer assisted hydrothermal method[J].Optoelectronics Letters,2016,12(3):161-165.
[11]Li S,Gu X,Zhao Y,et al.Photoelectrochemical determination of Pb2+ions by using TiO2 nanorod arrays grown on FTO substrates via a facile two-stage hydrothermal route[J].Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics,2016,27(8):8455-8463.
[12]Berhe S A,Nag S,Molinets Z,and Youngblood W J.Influence of seeding and bath conditions in hydrothermal growth of very thin(~20 nm)single-crystalline rutile TiO2nanorod films[J].ACSApplied Materials&Interfaces,2013,5(4):1181-1185.
[13]Lv M,Zheng D,Ye M,et al.Optimized porous rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays for enhancing the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells[J].Energy&Environmental Science,2013(6):1615-1622.
[14]Wolcott A,Smith W A,Kuykendall T R,et al.Photoelectrochemical water splitting using dense and aligned TiO2nanorod arrays[J].Small,2009,5(1):104-111.
[15]Wang X,Xie J,and Li C M.Architecting smart“umbrella”Bi2S3/rGO-modified TiO2 nanorod array structures at the nanoscale for efficient photoelectrocatalysis under visible light[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015(3):1235-1242.