塔里木盆地库车坳陷中、新生界高蜡凝析油和轻质油形成及其控制因素
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摘要
大量的原油样品数据表明库车坳陷中、新生界凝析油和轻质油以高含蜡为特征,结合前人的研究成果和现有资料对库车坳陷高蜡凝析油和轻质油的成因和控制因素进行了分析。分析结果表明,烃源岩有机显微组分中部分壳质组和腐泥组形成了高蜡油,镜质组形成了凝析油和轻质油,三者共同决定了库车坳陷高蜡凝析油和轻质油的形成。原油含蜡量主要受3个因素控制:原油成熟度、油气藏类型、气洗作用和原油运移作用。原油成熟度为主要控制因素,库车坳陷原油是烃源岩在成熟阶段下热演化生成的,原油成熟度Ro介于0. 8%～1. 05%,总体表现为高含蜡的特征,且原油含蜡量随原油成熟度增加而降低;油气藏类型为次要控制因素,干气藏原油含蜡量小于5%,凝析油含量低的凝析气藏原油含蜡量介于5%～10%,凝析油含量高的凝析气藏和油藏原油含蜡量大于10%,且原油含蜡量随生产气/油比对数的减小而增加;气洗作用和原油运移作用影响最小,相同油源条件下,原油受气洗程度越强,原油含蜡量越低,原油运移距离越大,原油含蜡量也越低。
The analysis of a large number of oil samples demonstrates that the Mesozoic-Cenozoic gas condensates and high-gravity oil in Kuqa Depression feature a high wax content. The study discusses the origin and controlling factors of gas condensates with high wax content and high gravity oil in Kuqa Depression based on previous research and available data. The results show that some exinite and sapropelinite of the organic macerals in source rocks are turned into oil with high wax content,whilst vitrinite of the organic macerals produces gas condensates and high-gravity oil. These organic macerals determine the production of gas condensates with a high wax content and high-gravity oil in Kuqa Depression. The wax content in crudes is mainly controlled by three factors: oil maturity,hydrocarbon reservoir type,gas washing and oil migration. Among them,the oil maturity is predominant. The oil in Kuqa Depression is generated by thermal evolution of source rocks during its mature stage,with oil maturity Roranging between 0. 8%-1. 05%,while the crudes as a whole are characterized by a high wax content,and the wax content in crudes decreases with increasing oil maturity. Besides,the hydrocarbon reservoir type plays a secondary role. The wax content of crudes is less than 5% in dry gas reservoirs,ranges between 5%-10% in condensate gas reservoirs with low gas condensates,while is more than 10% in condensate gas reservoirs with high content of gas condensates and oil reservoirs; the wax content of crudes increases with the decrease of lo-garithm of producing gas/oil ratio of hydrocarbon reservoirs. In addition,the effect of gas washing and oil migration ranks last. Under the same oil source conditions,the higher degree of gas washing the crudes undergo,the lower the wax content of crudes will be; meanwhile the farther the crudes migrate,the lower the wax content of crudes will be.
The analysis of a large number of oil samples demonstrates that the Mesozoic-Cenozoic gas condensates and high-gravity oil in Kuqa Depression feature a high wax content. The study discusses the origin and controlling factors of gas condensates with high wax content and high gravity oil in Kuqa Depression based on previous research and available data. The results show that some exinite and sapropelinite of the organic macerals in source rocks are turned into oil with high wax content,whilst vitrinite of the organic macerals produces gas condensates and high-gravity oil. These organic macerals determine the production of gas condensates with a high wax content and high-gravity oil in Kuqa Depression. The wax content in crudes is mainly controlled by three factors: oil maturity,hydrocarbon reservoir type,gas washing and oil migration. Among them,the oil maturity is predominant. The oil in Kuqa Depression is generated by thermal evolution of source rocks during its mature stage,with oil maturity Roranging between 0. 8%-1. 05%,while the crudes as a whole are characterized by a high wax content,and the wax content in crudes decreases with increasing oil maturity. Besides,the hydrocarbon reservoir type plays a secondary role. The wax content of crudes is less than 5% in dry gas reservoirs,ranges between 5%-10% in condensate gas reservoirs with low gas condensates,while is more than 10% in condensate gas reservoirs with high content of gas condensates and oil reservoirs; the wax content of crudes increases with the decrease of lo-garithm of producing gas/oil ratio of hydrocarbon reservoirs. In addition,the effect of gas washing and oil migration ranks last. Under the same oil source conditions,the higher degree of gas washing the crudes undergo,the lower the wax content of crudes will be; meanwhile the farther the crudes migrate,the lower the wax content of crudes will be.
引文
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[14]黄海平,郑亚斌,张占文,等.低等水生生物:高蜡油形成的重要来源[J].科学通报,2003,48(10):1092-1098.HuangHaiping,Zheng Yabin,Zhang Zhanwen,et al. Low aquatic organisms:an important source of high wax oil formation[J]. ChineseScience Bulletin,2003,48(10):1092-1098.
[15]王飞宇,郝石生,何萍,等.泌阳凹陷湖相藻类体中藻质素作为高蜡油母质[J].科学通报,1997,42(11):1193-1196.Wang Feiyu,Hao Shisheng,He Ping,et al. Lacustrine algae-endothelin is as a parent material of high wax oil in Biyang Sag[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,1997,42(11):1193-1196.
[16]崔景伟,王铁冠,胡健,等.塔里木盆地和田河气田轻质油成熟度判定及其油源意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):27-36.Cui Jingwei,Wang Tieguan,Hu Jian,et al. Maturity of light oil and its significance in indicating oil source in Hetianhe gas field,Tarim Basin[J]. Oil&Cas Geology,2013,34(1):27-36.
[17]黄海平,李虹,马刊创,等.大民屯凹陷高蜡油的形成条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(1):64-67.Huang Haiping,Li Hong,Ma Kanchuang,et al. Formation condition of high wax oils in Damintun Sag[J]. Oil&Cas Geology,2001,22(1):64-67.
[18]赵孟军,鲁雪松,卓勤功,等.库车前陆盆地油气成藏特征与分布规律[J].石油学报,2015,36(4):395-404.Zhao Mengjun,Lu Xuesong,Zhuo Qingong,et al. Characteristics and distribution law of hydrocarbon accumulation in Kuqa Foreland Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(4):395-404.
[19] Chen Ling,Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Bin,et al. Control factors and diversities of phase state of oil and gas pools in the Kuqa petroleum system[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):484-496.
[20] Kissin Y. Catagenesis and composition of petroleum:origin of n-alkanes and isoalkanes in petroleum crudes[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1987,51(9):2445-2457.
[21] Meulbroek P. Equations of state in exploration[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(6):613-634.
[22] Losh S,Cathles L,Meulbroek P. Gas washing of oil along a regional transect offshore Louisiana[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(6):655-663.
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(1)包建平,朱翠山,唐友军,等.库车坳陷三叠-侏罗系源岩生油潜力评价[R].塔里木油田分公司,2003.
(1)包建平,朱翠山,唐友军,等.库车坳陷三叠-侏罗系源岩生油潜力评价[R].塔里木油田分公司,2003.
(1)包建平,朱翠山,唐友军,等.库车坳陷油气运移特征研究[R].塔里木油田分公司,2004
[2]杨永才,张枝焕.高蜡凝析油或轻质油的分布特征与成因机理[J].地质科技情报,2005,24(3):55-59.Yang Yongcai,Zhang Zhihuan. Occurrence and original mechanisms of high waxy condensates or light crude oils[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2005,24(3):55-59.
[3]陈大钧.油气田应用化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:308-310.Chen Dajun. Oilfield applied chemistry[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:308-310.
[4]王铁冠,朱丹,卢鸿,等.千米桥古潜山高蜡凝析油的高分子量(C35+)正烷烃分布及其烃源灶方位[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(5):401-410.Wang Tieguan,Zhu Dan,Lu Hong,et al. High molecular weight(C35+)n-alkane distribution and hydrocarbon kitchen orientation of high wax condensate in Qianmiqiao Buried-hill[J]. Science in China(Series D),2003,33(5):401-410.
[5]黄第藩,赵孟军.下古生界海相原油之中蜡的成因分析—干酪根PY-GC分析提供的证据[J].沉积学报,1996,14(2):12-20.Huang Difan,Zhao Mengjun. The genesis of marine oils with middle wax from lower Palaeozoic-evidences obtaining from kerogen’s py-gc analysis[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(2):12-20.
[6]韩霞,田世澄,张占文.高蜡油成因及其形成聚集的地球化学效应[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(5):73-78.Han Xia,Tian Shicheng,Zhang Zhanwen. Dynamics processes and geochemistry effects for the formation and accumulation of high-wax oils[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(5):73-78.
[7]吕慧,陈致琳,王忠,等.济阳坳陷东营凹陷南斜坡高蜡原油高分子量烃类分布及高蜡成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(3):355-360.Lv Hui,Chen Zhilin,Wang Zhong,et al. Distribution of high molecular weight hydrocarbons and genesis of high wax content oil from the south slope zone of the Dongying Sag the Jiyang Depression[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(3):355-360.
[8]卢鸿,王铁冠,王春江,等.千米桥潜山构造高蜡凝析油气藏的蜡质来源研究[J].地质地球化学,2003,31(1):1-9.Lu Hong,Wang Tieguan,Wang Chunjiang,et al. Wax source analysis of highly waxy condensate oil and gas pool in Qianmiqiao Buried-hill Zone,Huanghua Depression[J]. Geology-Geochemistry,2003,31(1):1-9.
[9]张枝焕,黄志龙,张振英,等.吐哈盆地西部地区高蜡凝析油和轻质油的地球化学特征及成因分析[J].地质学报,2004,(4):551-559.Zhang Zhihuan,Huang Zhilong,Zhang Zhenying,et al. Geochemical characteristics and origin of high-wax condensate and high-gravity oil in the western Turpan-Hami Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,(4):551-559.
[10]郭小文,刘可禹,宋岩,等.库车坳陷克拉2气田油气充注和超压对储层孔隙的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):935-943.Guo Xiaowen,Liu Keyu,Song Yan,et al. Influences of hydrocarbon charging and overpressure on reservoir porosity in Kela-2 gas field of the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):935-943.
[11] Brooks J D,Smith J W. The diagenesis of plant lipids during the formation of coal,petroleum and natural gas-II. Coalification and the formation of oil and gas in the Gippsland Basin[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1969,33(10):1183-1194.
[12] Tegelaar E W,Matthezing R M,Jansen J B H,et al. Possible origin of n-alkanes in high wax crude oils[J]. Nature,1989,342:529-531.
[13]黄第藩,李晋超,周翥红,等.陆相有机质演化与成烃机理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1984.Huang Difan,Li Jinchao,Zhou Zhuhong,et al. Evolution and hydrocarbon formation mechanism of terrestrial organic matter[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1984.
[14]黄海平,郑亚斌,张占文,等.低等水生生物:高蜡油形成的重要来源[J].科学通报,2003,48(10):1092-1098.HuangHaiping,Zheng Yabin,Zhang Zhanwen,et al. Low aquatic organisms:an important source of high wax oil formation[J]. ChineseScience Bulletin,2003,48(10):1092-1098.
[15]王飞宇,郝石生,何萍,等.泌阳凹陷湖相藻类体中藻质素作为高蜡油母质[J].科学通报,1997,42(11):1193-1196.Wang Feiyu,Hao Shisheng,He Ping,et al. Lacustrine algae-endothelin is as a parent material of high wax oil in Biyang Sag[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,1997,42(11):1193-1196.
[16]崔景伟,王铁冠,胡健,等.塔里木盆地和田河气田轻质油成熟度判定及其油源意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):27-36.Cui Jingwei,Wang Tieguan,Hu Jian,et al. Maturity of light oil and its significance in indicating oil source in Hetianhe gas field,Tarim Basin[J]. Oil&Cas Geology,2013,34(1):27-36.
[17]黄海平,李虹,马刊创,等.大民屯凹陷高蜡油的形成条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(1):64-67.Huang Haiping,Li Hong,Ma Kanchuang,et al. Formation condition of high wax oils in Damintun Sag[J]. Oil&Cas Geology,2001,22(1):64-67.
[18]赵孟军,鲁雪松,卓勤功,等.库车前陆盆地油气成藏特征与分布规律[J].石油学报,2015,36(4):395-404.Zhao Mengjun,Lu Xuesong,Zhuo Qingong,et al. Characteristics and distribution law of hydrocarbon accumulation in Kuqa Foreland Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(4):395-404.
[19] Chen Ling,Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Bin,et al. Control factors and diversities of phase state of oil and gas pools in the Kuqa petroleum system[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):484-496.
[20] Kissin Y. Catagenesis and composition of petroleum:origin of n-alkanes and isoalkanes in petroleum crudes[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1987,51(9):2445-2457.
[21] Meulbroek P. Equations of state in exploration[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(6):613-634.
[22] Losh S,Cathles L,Meulbroek P. Gas washing of oil along a regional transect offshore Louisiana[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(6):655-663.
[23]卓勤功,赵孟军,谢会文,等.库车前陆盆地大北地区储层沥青与油气运聚关系[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(2):193-196.Zhuo Qingong,Zhao Mengjun,Xie Huiwen,et al. Relationship between reservoir bitumen and hydrocarbon migration in Dabei region,Kuqa Foreland Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(2):193-196.
[24]鲁雪松,刘可禹,卓勤功,等.库车克拉2气田多期油气充注的古流体证据[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(5):537-544.Lu Xuesong,Liu Keyu,Zhuo Qingong,et al. Palaeo-fluid evidence for the multi-stage hydrocarbon charges in Kela-2 gas field,Kuqa Foreland Basin,Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(5):537-544.
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[26]张明峰,妥进才,郭力军,等.应用含氮化合物探讨柴达木盆地乌南地区原油运移[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(5):727-731.Zhang Mingfeng,Tuo Jincai,Guo Lijun,et al. A discussion on petroleum migration in the Wunan oilfield of Qaidam Basin based on nitrogen compounds[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(5):727-731.
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