春大豆冠层性能指标对栽培方式响应的研究
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摘要
为构建大豆合理冠层结构、提高大豆单产水平,针对目前大豆栽培技术群体结构冠层性能指标不具体、田间管理措施不合理等问题,本文以黑龙江省主推品种‘合丰50’为材料,对不同栽培模式下大豆群体冠层结构、冠层光辐射动态特征及产量指标进行分析,明确不同栽培技术大豆不同生育期具有合理冠层性能指标。结果表明:小垄密植和大垄密植模式表现为高产模式,产量分别为3840.15 kg/hm~2和3456.0 kg/hm~2;小垄密植和大垄密植群体叶面积指数的变化为逐渐升高,鼓粒期分别保持在6.69和6.67;群体平均叶倾角小垄密植表现低高低趋势,在鼓粒期为27.99°,大垄密植表现降低趋势,在鼓粒期为32.89°;散射和直接辐射穿透系数都表现降低趋势,在鼓粒期小垄密植分别为0.008和0.00、大垄密植分别为0.01和0.003;小垄密植和大垄密植群体消光系数在不同时期随着天顶角的增加逐渐增加,在鼓粒期天顶角为67.5°时消光系数分别为1.07和1.12。因此,大豆大垄密植和小垄密植在中国东北黑土区是主要栽培模式。
To construct a reasonable canopy structure of soybean and increase the soybean yield per unit area,and to solve problems of soybean cultivation technology as unclear group structure canopy performance indexes and unreasonable field management measures, main popularized variety‘Hefeng 50'in Heilongjiang Province was used as the material, the canopy structure, dynamic characteristics of canopy light radiation and yield indicators of soybean population under different cultivation patterns were analyzed, to determine reasonable canopy indexes of different cultivation techniques of soybean at different growth stages. The results showed that small and wide ridge close planting were the high yield patterns and the yield was 3840.15 and 3456.0 kg/hm~2,respectively. With the soybean growth, the population leaf area index gradually increased and the index was6.69 and 6.67 at seed filling stage, respectively. The average leaf dip angle of small ridge showed a low –high-low tendency, and the wide ridge close planting showed a decreasing trend, which was 27.99° and32.89° at seed filling stage, respectively. The penetration coefficient of scattering and direct radiation both showed a decreasing trend, which was 0.008 and 0.00, respectively, in small ridge close planting, and 0.01 and0.003 in wide ridge planting at seed filling stage. The extinction coefficient of small and wide ridge close planting increased with the increase of vertex angle gradually in different stages, it was 1.07 and 1.12 at the angle of 67.5 in seed filling period. Therefore, wide and small ridge close planting can be the main planting patterns of soybean cultivation in the black soil area of northeast China.
To construct a reasonable canopy structure of soybean and increase the soybean yield per unit area,and to solve problems of soybean cultivation technology as unclear group structure canopy performance indexes and unreasonable field management measures, main popularized variety‘Hefeng 50'in Heilongjiang Province was used as the material, the canopy structure, dynamic characteristics of canopy light radiation and yield indicators of soybean population under different cultivation patterns were analyzed, to determine reasonable canopy indexes of different cultivation techniques of soybean at different growth stages. The results showed that small and wide ridge close planting were the high yield patterns and the yield was 3840.15 and 3456.0 kg/hm~2,respectively. With the soybean growth, the population leaf area index gradually increased and the index was6.69 and 6.67 at seed filling stage, respectively. The average leaf dip angle of small ridge showed a low –high-low tendency, and the wide ridge close planting showed a decreasing trend, which was 27.99° and32.89° at seed filling stage, respectively. The penetration coefficient of scattering and direct radiation both showed a decreasing trend, which was 0.008 and 0.00, respectively, in small ridge close planting, and 0.01 and0.003 in wide ridge planting at seed filling stage. The extinction coefficient of small and wide ridge close planting increased with the increase of vertex angle gradually in different stages, it was 1.07 and 1.12 at the angle of 67.5 in seed filling period. Therefore, wide and small ridge close planting can be the main planting patterns of soybean cultivation in the black soil area of northeast China.
引文
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[16]李生秀,魏建军,刘建国,等.窄行密植对大豆群体冠层结构及光分布的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2005(6):412-414.
[17]金剑,刘晓冰,王光华,等.大豆生殖生长期冠层结构及其与冠层辐射的关系研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2004(4):412-417.
[18]刘建国,李俊华,张煜新,等.大豆群体冠层结构及光合特性的研究[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2003(3):188-190.
[19]金剑,刘晓冰,王光华,等.不同密度大豆生殖生长期群体冠层结构研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2003(2):124-128.
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[2]吕书财.密度对大豆冠层光合有效辐射和抗倒伏特性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.
[3]韩利萍.优化施肥下不同行距配置对大豆干物质积累及产量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[4]陈思羽,刘鹏,朱末,等.大豆植株不同冠层种子活力及其萌发中抗氧化酶活性[J].植物学报,2016,51(1):24-30.
[5]陈思羽,刘鹏,朱末,等.冠层不同部位大豆种子萌发过程中子叶生理指标的变化[J].中国油料作物学报,2015,37(5):654-660.
[6]彭姜龙.品种筛选和株行距配置方式对夏大豆产量形成的影响[D].石河子:新疆农业大学,2015.
[7]崔亮,苏本营,杨峰,等.带状套作大豆群体冠层光能截获与利用特征[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(1):43-54.
[8]肖佳雷.北方寒地春大豆抗旱高产产量性能特征及关键技术调控效应的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2013.
[9]吴奇峰,相吉山,董志新.大豆植株不同冠层籽粒干物质积累动态及产量分布[J].大豆科学,2011,30(4):596-601.
[10]张晓艳,杜吉到,郑殿峰.密度对大豆群体冠层结构及光合特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(4):75-80.
[11]孙超.优化施肥对大豆群体质量及产量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2011.
[12]刘玉平,李瑞平,李志刚.栽培模式与密度对大豆冠层结构及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,29(5):796-799,803.
[13]]张静春.不同温度型大豆冠层特性与产量性状研究[D].榆林:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[14]滕占林.优化施肥对大豆群体质量及产量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2010.
[15]杜吉到.大豆产量的冠层评价指标及化学调控技术研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2010.
[16]李生秀,魏建军,刘建国,等.窄行密植对大豆群体冠层结构及光分布的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2005(6):412-414.
[17]金剑,刘晓冰,王光华,等.大豆生殖生长期冠层结构及其与冠层辐射的关系研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2004(4):412-417.
[18]刘建国,李俊华,张煜新,等.大豆群体冠层结构及光合特性的研究[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2003(3):188-190.
[19]金剑,刘晓冰,王光华,等.不同密度大豆生殖生长期群体冠层结构研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2003(2):124-128.
[20]肖志强,刘淑玲,常大军.大豆宽窄密栽培冠层叶荚粒垂直分布调查分析[J].现代化农业,1999(6):7-8.