造纸白泥活化莲藕渣制备活性炭及其表征
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摘要
以莲藕渣为原料,利用造纸白泥产生的物理活化效应制备莲藕基活性炭。探讨了莲藕渣与造纸白泥质量比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响。借助比表面积及孔隙度分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜,对莲藕基活性炭的孔结构特性、表面官能团和微观形貌加以表征。试验结果表明:当莲藕与白泥质量比为1∶1、活化温度为850℃、活化时间为1 h时,所制备的莲藕基活性炭比表面积为858.10 m~2·g~(-1),平均孔径为2.63 nm。在30℃条件下,莲藕基活性炭对水溶液中亚甲基蓝有很高的吸附效率,约60 min便达到吸附平衡,且脱除率可达96.8%。莲藕基活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。
The activated carbon was prepared by using lotus root residue as raw material based on the in-situ physical activation effect resulting from papermaking white mud.The effects of papermaking white mud dosage,activation temperature and activation time on the yield and adsorption properties of lotus root-based activated carbon were investigated. The pore structure,surface functional groups and surface micro-morphology of lotus root-based activated carbon were characterized by porosity analyzer,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy.The experimental results show that when the mass ratio of lotus root to white mud is 1 ∶1,the activation temperature is 850 ℃,and the activation time is 1 h,the as-prepared lotus root-based activated carbon has a specific surface area of 858 cm~2·g~(-1) and an average pore diameter of 2.63 nm.At 30℃,lotus root-based activated carbon displays a high adsorption efficiency for methylene blue aqueous solution,and the adsorption equilibrium can be achieved within 60 min with a removal rate of 96.8%. The adsorption process of methylene blue on lotus root-based activated carbon accords with the quasi-second-order kinetic equation.
The activated carbon was prepared by using lotus root residue as raw material based on the in-situ physical activation effect resulting from papermaking white mud.The effects of papermaking white mud dosage,activation temperature and activation time on the yield and adsorption properties of lotus root-based activated carbon were investigated. The pore structure,surface functional groups and surface micro-morphology of lotus root-based activated carbon were characterized by porosity analyzer,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy.The experimental results show that when the mass ratio of lotus root to white mud is 1 ∶1,the activation temperature is 850 ℃,and the activation time is 1 h,the as-prepared lotus root-based activated carbon has a specific surface area of 858 cm~2·g~(-1) and an average pore diameter of 2.63 nm.At 30℃,lotus root-based activated carbon displays a high adsorption efficiency for methylene blue aqueous solution,and the adsorption equilibrium can be achieved within 60 min with a removal rate of 96.8%. The adsorption process of methylene blue on lotus root-based activated carbon accords with the quasi-second-order kinetic equation.
引文
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[2] WANG Z,SHEN D,WU C,et al.State-of-the-art on the production and application of carbon nanomaterials from biomass[J].Green chemistry,2018,20(22):5031-5057.
[3] 惠林冲,唐猛,杨海峰,等.莲藕加工废料综合利用研究进展[J].长江蔬菜,2018(4):31-34.
[4] 夏秋良,张臣飞,尹乐斌,等.莲藕渣的综合利用研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2016(7):130-132.
[5] 李慧娜.莲藕渣中膳食纤维的制备及其功能活性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[6] 武瑞燕,薛小艳,王勇,等.莲藕基活性炭对Fe(Ⅲ)的识别及去除性能研究[J].功能材料,2017,48(9):9074-9079.
[7] SUN R,LI Y,LIU C,et al.Utilization of lime mud from paper mill as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process[J].Chemical engineering journal,2013,221(4):124-132.
[8] PENG X X,LU Y Q,ZHOU L L,et al.Graphitized porous carbon materials with high sulfur loading for lithium-sulfur batteries[J].Nano energy,2017,32:503-510.
[9] CHEN Y D,HUANG B Z,HUANG M J,et al.Sticky rice lime mortar-inspired in situ sustainable design of novel calcium-rich activated carbon monoliths for efficient SO2 capture[J].Journal of cleaner production,2018,183:449-457.
[10] 周娟,张寒冰,童张法,等.亚甲基蓝在有机酸膨润土上的吸附行为[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(3):1057-1061.
[11] 张小璇,叶李艺,沙勇,等.活性炭吸附法处理染料废水[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(4):542-545.
[12] OUYANG T,CHENG K,YANG F,et al.From biomass with irregular structures to 1D carbon nanobelts:a stripping and cutting strategy to fabricate high performance supercapacitor materials[J].Journal of materials chemistry a,2017,5:14551-14561.
[13] BAHRI A M,CALVO L,GILARRANZ M A,et al.Diuron multilayer adsorption on activated carbon from CO2 activation of grape seeds[J].Chemical engineering communications,2016,203(1):103-113.
[14] 李国强,田福海,张永发,等.胺化竹木/褐煤活性炭的表面特性及其脱除SO2性能[J].新型炭材料,2014,29(6):486-492.
[15] HO Y S,MCKAY G.Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat[J].Chemical engineering journal,1998,70(2):115-124.
[16] AKSU Z,D?NMEZ G.A comparative study on the biosorption characteristics of some yeasts for Remazol Blue reactive dye[J].Chemosphere,2003,50(8):1075-1083.
[17] SUN Y,WEBLEY P A.Preparation of activated carbons with large specific surfaceareas from biomass corncob and their adsorption equilibrium for methane,carbondioxide,nitrogen,and hydrogen[J].Industrial and engineering chemistry research,2011,50(15):9286-9294.
[18] NIETODELGADO C,RANGELMENDEZ J R.Production of activated carbon from organic by-products from the alcoholic beverage industry:surface area and hardness optimization by using the response surface methodology[J].Industrial crops & products,2011,34(3):1528-1537.
[19] LIOU T L.Development of mesoporous structure and high adsorption capacity of biomass-based activated carbon by phosphoric acid and zinc chloride activation[J].Chemical engineering journal,2010,158(2):129-142.
[20] GRIGOROVA E,MANDZHUKOVA T,TSYNTSARSKI B,et al.Effect of activated carbons derived from different precursors on the hydrogen sorption properties of magnesium[J].Fuel processing technology,2011,92(10):1963-1969.
[21] NJOKU V O,HAMEED B H.Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from corncob by chemical activation with H3PO4,for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid adsorption[J].Chemical engineering journal,2011,173(2):391-399.
[22] 苗天博,陈葓,刘明华.氰乙基球形木质素吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为研究[J].中国造纸学报,2015,30(1):40-45.