中国31个直辖市和省会城市“垃圾围城”风险与对策研究――基于DIIS方法的实证研究
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摘要
如今高速发展的中国城市正饱受"垃圾围城"之痛。"人生活在城市里,城市受困于垃圾中"已是当前的真实写照。"十二五"以来,地方政府虽然出台了相关政策,但是面对城市人口不断积聚的现状,我国仍面临垃圾难排、难运、难处理、难管理的窘境,"垃圾围城"的悲剧仍在上演。"垃圾围城"的风险不容忽视,因此"垃圾围城"现状和对策的研究必须被重点关注。文章基于"收集信息—揭示信息—综合研判—形成方案"(Data-Information-Intelligence-Solution,DIIS)分析框架,运用"谷歌地球"(Google Earth,GE)及地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)软件识别31个直辖市和省会城市非正规垃圾填埋场的个数、面积及形成情况,以得出"垃圾存量"数据。进而,基于"驱动力-状态-响应"(Driving Force-Status-Response,DSR)风险评价模型识别31个省会城市的"垃圾围城"风险,通过分析现状、识别风险源、理清风险的发生发展机制,进而为规避垃圾围城风险进行管理机制设计,以期为政府部门降低城市"垃圾围城"风险献力。
Nowadays, China's fast-growing cities are suffering from the problem of "Cities Besieged by Waste". The true portrayal of China today is people live in cities, while the cities are trapped in waste. China is still in this dilemma that a lot of garbage is difficult to memorial archway, clear, dispose, and manage, although local governments have promulgated corresponding policies in recent years. Tragedies caused by"Cities Besieged by Waste" are still everywhere. The risk situation and countermeasures of "Cities Besieged by Waste" should not be ignored,but should be focused on instead. Based on the DIIS(Data-Information-Intelligence-Solution) framework, this study uses Google Earth and GIS(Geographic Information System) to identify the number, area, and formation of informal landfills in 31 provincial capitals to finally generate the data of the "garbage stock". Besides, based on the DSR(Driving force-Status-Response) risk assessment model, this study identifies the risk of "Cities Besieged by Waste" of 31 provincial capitals. By analyzing the current situation of risk, identifying the source of risk, and clarifying the mechanism of risk occurrence and development, this study works on providing intellectual contribution for government departments to reduce the risk of "Cities Besieged by Waste".
Nowadays, China's fast-growing cities are suffering from the problem of "Cities Besieged by Waste". The true portrayal of China today is people live in cities, while the cities are trapped in waste. China is still in this dilemma that a lot of garbage is difficult to memorial archway, clear, dispose, and manage, although local governments have promulgated corresponding policies in recent years. Tragedies caused by"Cities Besieged by Waste" are still everywhere. The risk situation and countermeasures of "Cities Besieged by Waste" should not be ignored,but should be focused on instead. Based on the DIIS(Data-Information-Intelligence-Solution) framework, this study uses Google Earth and GIS(Geographic Information System) to identify the number, area, and formation of informal landfills in 31 provincial capitals to finally generate the data of the "garbage stock". Besides, based on the DSR(Driving force-Status-Response) risk assessment model, this study identifies the risk of "Cities Besieged by Waste" of 31 provincial capitals. By analyzing the current situation of risk, identifying the source of risk, and clarifying the mechanism of risk occurrence and development, this study works on providing intellectual contribution for government departments to reduce the risk of "Cities Besieged by Waste".
引文
1徐亚,赵阳,能昌信.非正规填埋场渗漏的层次化环境风险评价模型及案例研究.环境科学学报,2015,35(3):918-926.
2岳金柱.治理视角下的社区垃圾分类处理--从源头破解垃圾围城与污染的治本之策.城市管理与科技,2010,12(6):26-29.
3 MA Q Q,WANG Z H,SUN Z X,et al.The Investigation and Countermeasures about“City Besieged by Waste”in Jinan Based on GIS and RS.Ludong University Journal,2011,3(5):45-50
4吴文伟,苏昭辉,王峰,等.非正规垃圾填埋场危害风险评估与治理.环境卫生工程,2013,21(5):11-14.
5韩华,李胜勇,于岩.非正规垃圾填埋场初步勘查与评价方法探讨.工程地质学报,2011,19(5):771-777.
6潘教峰.智库DIIS理论方法.北京:科学出版社,2019:219-220.
7潘教峰,杨国梁,刘慧晖.科技评估DIIS方法.中国科学院院刊,2018,33(1):68-75.
8潘教峰,杨国梁,刘慧晖.智库DIIS三维理论模型.中国科学院院刊,2018,33(12):1366-1373.
9谈迎新,於忠祥.基于DSR模型的淮河流域生态安全评价研究.安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,21(5):35-39.
10庞雅颂,王琳.区域生态安全评价方法综述.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(S1):340-344.
11刘雷,程钰,任建兰.区域环境管理水平测度及其空间格局研究--以山东省为例.湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2014,37(1):6-10,85.
12李建国,刘金萍,刘丽丽,等.基于灰色极大熵原理的三峡库区(重庆段)生态系统健康评价.环境科学学报,2010,30(11):2344-2352.
13丁建彪.政策效能缺失视域下的“垃圾围城”治理研究.行政论坛,2016,23(5):92-97.
14 Chung S S,Lo C W.Waste management in Guangdong cities:The waste management literacy and waste reduction preferences of domestic waste generators.Environmental Management,2004,33(5):692-711.
(1)本文研究数据来源于相关统计年鉴及网络资料。其中查阅的年鉴包括:《中国城市统计年鉴》《中国环境统计年鉴》《中国城乡和城市建设统计年鉴》《中国人口与就业统计年鉴》《中国统计年鉴》等。网络资料包括:中华人民共和国环境保护部、各省会城市环保局等。
(2)超大城市:城区常住人口1000万以上。
(3)特大城市:城区常住人口500万至1000万。
2岳金柱.治理视角下的社区垃圾分类处理--从源头破解垃圾围城与污染的治本之策.城市管理与科技,2010,12(6):26-29.
3 MA Q Q,WANG Z H,SUN Z X,et al.The Investigation and Countermeasures about“City Besieged by Waste”in Jinan Based on GIS and RS.Ludong University Journal,2011,3(5):45-50
4吴文伟,苏昭辉,王峰,等.非正规垃圾填埋场危害风险评估与治理.环境卫生工程,2013,21(5):11-14.
5韩华,李胜勇,于岩.非正规垃圾填埋场初步勘查与评价方法探讨.工程地质学报,2011,19(5):771-777.
6潘教峰.智库DIIS理论方法.北京:科学出版社,2019:219-220.
7潘教峰,杨国梁,刘慧晖.科技评估DIIS方法.中国科学院院刊,2018,33(1):68-75.
8潘教峰,杨国梁,刘慧晖.智库DIIS三维理论模型.中国科学院院刊,2018,33(12):1366-1373.
9谈迎新,於忠祥.基于DSR模型的淮河流域生态安全评价研究.安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,21(5):35-39.
10庞雅颂,王琳.区域生态安全评价方法综述.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(S1):340-344.
11刘雷,程钰,任建兰.区域环境管理水平测度及其空间格局研究--以山东省为例.湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2014,37(1):6-10,85.
12李建国,刘金萍,刘丽丽,等.基于灰色极大熵原理的三峡库区(重庆段)生态系统健康评价.环境科学学报,2010,30(11):2344-2352.
13丁建彪.政策效能缺失视域下的“垃圾围城”治理研究.行政论坛,2016,23(5):92-97.
14 Chung S S,Lo C W.Waste management in Guangdong cities:The waste management literacy and waste reduction preferences of domestic waste generators.Environmental Management,2004,33(5):692-711.
(1)本文研究数据来源于相关统计年鉴及网络资料。其中查阅的年鉴包括:《中国城市统计年鉴》《中国环境统计年鉴》《中国城乡和城市建设统计年鉴》《中国人口与就业统计年鉴》《中国统计年鉴》等。网络资料包括:中华人民共和国环境保护部、各省会城市环保局等。
(2)超大城市:城区常住人口1000万以上。
(3)特大城市:城区常住人口500万至1000万。