长细比对光滑圆柱气动力特性影响的试验研究
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摘要
工程中存在大量的圆形断面细长结构,其常在强风下发生大幅振动,在细长圆柱的风荷载测试中,由于风洞尺寸的限制,常常采用不同长细比的试验模型进行测试,因此长细比是影响该类结构气动力测试结果的重要试验参数之一。采用刚性模型测压风洞试验,对亚临界、临界区及超临界区不同长细比圆形断面柱体中心局部气动力及风压分布随长细比的变化规律进行分析。结果表明:对于采用4倍直径端板的有限长度圆柱模型,跨中气动力特性随着长细比的变化规律并不连续,在亚临界区,当长细比小于等于9时,跨中的气动力结果受长细比的影响较大,与二维圆柱试验结果有较大差异;在临界区,跨中的气动力试验结果受长细比的影响相对较小,并呈现较强的三维特性,若圆柱一侧出现稳定的单分离泡区域,其长细比应大于11;进入超临界区后,当长细比小于等于9时,圆柱的流动状态进入单分离泡流域。
Circular cylinder members are widely used in civil engineering. Wind induced large-amplitude vibration often occurs in slender structures with circular cross-sections. The mostly used testing models are usually sectional models because of the limitation of wind tunnels. Therefore, the aspect ratio is a significant parameter in aerodynamic force test in wind tunnels. The local aerodynamic forces at the middle of the cylinders at the subcritical, critical and supercritical Reynolds number were measured for several models with various aspect ratios through the pressure measurement on rigid section models in the wind tunnel. The results show that the variation of aerodynamic forces is discontinuous along with the change of the aspect ratio, and the variation is different in subcritical, critical and super critical regions, when the end plate with 4 times diameter of the cylinder is mounted. In the subcritical region, when the aspect ratios is less than 9, the aerodynamic results at the span middle are greatly influenced by the aspect ratio, and the results are quite different from the results of the two-dimensional cylinder tests. In the critical Reynolds number range, the results of the aerodynamic test at the span middle are less influenced by the aspect ratio, and exhibit stronger three-dimensional characteristics. The stable single separating bubble could be observed only when the aspect ratio is not less than 11, in supercritical regions, when the aspect ratios is less than 9, the flow state of the cylinder enters into a single separating bubble basin.
Circular cylinder members are widely used in civil engineering. Wind induced large-amplitude vibration often occurs in slender structures with circular cross-sections. The mostly used testing models are usually sectional models because of the limitation of wind tunnels. Therefore, the aspect ratio is a significant parameter in aerodynamic force test in wind tunnels. The local aerodynamic forces at the middle of the cylinders at the subcritical, critical and supercritical Reynolds number were measured for several models with various aspect ratios through the pressure measurement on rigid section models in the wind tunnel. The results show that the variation of aerodynamic forces is discontinuous along with the change of the aspect ratio, and the variation is different in subcritical, critical and super critical regions, when the end plate with 4 times diameter of the cylinder is mounted. In the subcritical region, when the aspect ratios is less than 9, the aerodynamic results at the span middle are greatly influenced by the aspect ratio, and the results are quite different from the results of the two-dimensional cylinder tests. In the critical Reynolds number range, the results of the aerodynamic test at the span middle are less influenced by the aspect ratio, and exhibit stronger three-dimensional characteristics. The stable single separating bubble could be observed only when the aspect ratio is not less than 11, in supercritical regions, when the aspect ratios is less than 9, the flow state of the cylinder enters into a single separating bubble basin.
引文
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[2]汤卓,王雪,束磊,等.210 m高异形烟囱横风向动力响应研究[J].建筑结构,2010,40(2):100-102.TANG Zhuo,WANG Xue,SHU Lei,et al Research on across-wind dynamic response of a 210 m-high special-shaped chimney[J].Building Structure,2010,40(2):100-102.
[3]ZDRAVKOVICH M M.Flow around circular cylinders[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1997.
[4]MATSUDA K,UEJIMA H,SUGIMOTO T.Wind tunnel tests on in-line oscillation of a two-dimensional circular cylinder[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2003,91(1/2):83-90.
[5]NISHIMURAA H,TANIIKE Y.Aerodynamic characteristics of fluctuating forces on a circular cylinder[J].Journal of Wind Engineeringand Industrial Aerodynamics,2001,89(7):713-723.
[6]KUBO Y,KATO K.The role of the end plates in two dimensional wind tunnel tests[J].Proceedings of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1986,368:179-186.
[7]NORBERG C.An experimental investigation of the flow around a circular cylinder:influence of aspect ratio[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1994,258(1):287-316.
[8]赵萌,毛军,郗艳红.高雷诺数下有限长圆柱绕流阻力特性研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(22):176-182.ZHAO Meng,MAO JUN,XI Yanhong.Research on drag characteristic of flow around finite circular cylinder at high reynolds numbers[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(22):176-182.
[9]VAKIL A,GREEN S I.Drag and lift coefficients of inclined finite circular cylinders at moderate Reynolds numbers[J].Computers&Fluids 2009,38:1771-1781.
[10]GONALVES R T,FRANZINI G R,ROSETTI G F,et al.Flow around circular cylinders with very low aspect ratio[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2015,54:122-141.
[11]端木玉,万德成.不同长细比圆柱绕流的大涡模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,2016,36(3):295-302.DUANG Muyu,WAN Decheng.Large eddy simulation of flow around the cylinders with differents aspects[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2016,36(3):295-302.
[12]WISSINK J,RODI W.Numerical study of the near wake of a circular cylinder[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2008,29(4):1060-1070.
[13]郑云飞,刘庆宽,刘小兵,等.端部状态对斜拉索节段模型气动特性的影响[J].工程力学,2017,34(增刊1):192-196.ZHENG Yunfei,LIU Qingkuan,LIU Xiaobing,et al.Influence of end conditions on aerodynamic force of section models for stay-cables[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(Sup 1):192-196.
[14]陆志良等.空气动力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009.
[15]孙瑛,邱冶,武岳.基于气动参数识别技术的钝体雷诺数效应研究[J].建筑结构学报,2016,37(1):56-64.SUN Ying,QIU Ye,WU Yue.Research on Reynolds number effect of bluff bodies based on aerodynamic parameter identification techniques[J].Journal of Building Structures,2016,37(1):56-64.
[16]GLAUERT H.Wind tunnel interference on wings bodies and airscrews[R].London:Aeronautical Research Council,1933.
[17]RODRGUEZ O,LEHMKUHL J,CHIVA R,et al.On the flow past a circular cylinder from critical to super-critical Reynolds numbers:wake topology and vortex shedding[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2015,55:91-103.
[18]刘庆宽,邵奇,郑云飞,等.雷诺数对圆柱气动力和流场影响的试验研究[J].实验流体力学,2016,30(4):7-13.LIU Qingkuan,SHAO Qi,ZHENG Yunfei,et al.Experimental study on Reynolds number effect on aerodynamic pressure and forces of cylinder[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2016,30(4):7-13.
[19]马文勇,袁欣欣,马晓斌,等.圆形断面在35 k~330 k雷诺数范围的气动力特性研究[J].工程力学,2015,32(增刊1):348-352.MA Wenyong,YUAN Xinxin,ZHANG Xiaobin,et al.Characteristics of aerodynamic forces on a circular cylinder at Reynolds numbers from 35 k to 330 k[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(Sup 1):348-352.