大兴安岭不同森林群落植被多样性对土壤有机碳密度的影响
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摘要
区域碳循环是全球变化研究中的核心内容,大兴安岭森林生态系统是对全球温度变化最敏感的植被类型之一,其植被多样性对土壤有机碳密度和碳循环具有重要影响,深入理解该区土壤有机碳密度分布特征对于未来区域生态环境的可持续发展具有重要的科学意义。采用野外调查和室内测试分析相结合的手段,研究了大兴安岭4种主要森林类型(针叶混交林、针阔混交林、阔叶混交林、落叶林)的植被多样性和土壤有机碳密度分布特征,并采用多因素方差分析确定植被类型和土层深度对土壤有机碳密度的交叉影响。结果表明,大兴安岭4种林型Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Mclntosh均匀度指数表现为落叶林>针阔混交林>阔叶混交林>针叶混交林;Simpson优势度指数则表现为针叶混交林>阔叶混交林>针阔混交林>落叶林;Cody指数表现为落叶林>针阔混交林>针阔混交林>针叶混交林;Sorenson指数表现为针叶混交林>阔叶混交林>针阔混交林>落叶林。土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度均呈一致的变化规律,其中以表层土壤最高,随土壤深度的增加逐渐降低;随剖面深度的增加,土壤有机碳密度逐渐降低,以表层土壤(0~20 cm)有机碳密度最高,针叶混交林、针阔混交林、阔叶混交林、落叶林土壤有机碳密度分别占土壤剖面总有机碳密度的35.24%、31.61%、31.70%、32.39%。相关性分析表明,4种林型Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Cody指数和Sorenson指数与有机碳含量和有机碳密度呈显著或极显著的正相关;从相关系数绝对值来看,多样性指数与有机碳含量的相关系数高于有机碳密度的相关系数。双因素分析表明,林型对有机碳含量和有机碳密度具有显著的影响(P<0.05),林型×深度的交互作用对有机碳含量具有显著的影响(P<0.05);林型和林型×深度的交互作用对Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数具有显著的影响(P<0.05);林型对Cody指数和Sorenson指数具有显著的影响(P<0.05)。综合分析表明,大兴安岭林型和土壤深度对土壤有机碳密度的影响存在一定的交互作用。
Regional carbon cycle is the core content in global change research. Forest ecosystem in Da Xing'an mountain is sensitive to global climate change, thus, it is necessary to deeply understand the distribution of soil organic carbon density in this region. Here, four dominant forest types, i. e. larch forest, coniferous mixed forest, broadleaved mixed forest, and coniferous and broadleaved mixed fores were selected to investigate the variation of soil organic carbon density and plant community diversity in Da Xing'an Mountains of Northeast China by multi-factor analysis of variance. Results showed that Margalef, Shannon-Wiener, Mclntosh and Sorenson index showed larch forest>coniferous mixed forest>broadleaved mixed forest>coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, while Cody index showed that coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest>broadleaved mixed forest> coniferous mixed forest>mixed forest. Soil organic carbon content and density showed the same change trend with the highest in the surface soil layer, and gradually decreased with the increasing of soil depth. Soil carbon density of coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, broadleaved mixed forest, coniferous mixed forest, mixed forest was concentrated in the top 20 cm of soil which accounted for 35.24%, 31.61%, 31.70%, 32.39%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly difference between Margalef, Shannon-Wiener, Mclntosh, Sorenson index and soil organic carbon content and density, while the correlation coefficient of soil organic carbon content was higher than soil organic carbon density. Double factor analysis showed that forest type had a large effect on soil organic carbon density(P<0.05), and forest type×soil depth had a large effect on soil organic carbon content(P<0.05). Forest type, forest type×soil depth had a large effect on Margalef and Shannon-Wiener index(P<0.05). In total, forest type and soil depth has the interaction effect on the soil organic carbon density.
Regional carbon cycle is the core content in global change research. Forest ecosystem in Da Xing'an mountain is sensitive to global climate change, thus, it is necessary to deeply understand the distribution of soil organic carbon density in this region. Here, four dominant forest types, i. e. larch forest, coniferous mixed forest, broadleaved mixed forest, and coniferous and broadleaved mixed fores were selected to investigate the variation of soil organic carbon density and plant community diversity in Da Xing'an Mountains of Northeast China by multi-factor analysis of variance. Results showed that Margalef, Shannon-Wiener, Mclntosh and Sorenson index showed larch forest>coniferous mixed forest>broadleaved mixed forest>coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, while Cody index showed that coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest>broadleaved mixed forest> coniferous mixed forest>mixed forest. Soil organic carbon content and density showed the same change trend with the highest in the surface soil layer, and gradually decreased with the increasing of soil depth. Soil carbon density of coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, broadleaved mixed forest, coniferous mixed forest, mixed forest was concentrated in the top 20 cm of soil which accounted for 35.24%, 31.61%, 31.70%, 32.39%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly difference between Margalef, Shannon-Wiener, Mclntosh, Sorenson index and soil organic carbon content and density, while the correlation coefficient of soil organic carbon content was higher than soil organic carbon density. Double factor analysis showed that forest type had a large effect on soil organic carbon density(P<0.05), and forest type×soil depth had a large effect on soil organic carbon content(P<0.05). Forest type, forest type×soil depth had a large effect on Margalef and Shannon-Wiener index(P<0.05). In total, forest type and soil depth has the interaction effect on the soil organic carbon density.
引文
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陈廷舰,胡玉昆,柳妍妍,等.2014.阿尔泰山南坡土壤有机碳密度的分布特征和储量估算[J].干旱区地理,37(6):1231-1239.
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代杰瑞,庞绪贵,曾宪东,等.2015.山东省土壤有机碳密度的空间分布特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学研究,28(9):1449-1458.
杜虎,曾馥平,宋同清,等.2016.广西主要森林土壤有机碳空间分布及其影响因素[J].植物生态学报,40(4):282-291.
高亮,高永,王静,等.2016.土地覆盖类型对科尔沁沙地南缘土壤有机碳储量的影响[J].中国沙漠,36(5):1357-1364.
黄一敏,李心清,杨放,等.2016.中国西南喀斯特森林土壤有机碳空间变化及影响因素[J].地球与环境,44(1):1-10.
黄中秋,傅伟军,周国模,等.2014.浙江省森林土壤有机碳密度空间变异特征及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,51(4):906-913.
贾树海,张佳楠,张玉玲,等.2017.东北黑土区旱田改稻田后土壤有机碳,全氮的变化特征[J].中国农业科学,50(7):1252-1262.
姜蓝齐,臧淑英,张丽娟,等.2017.松嫩平原农田土壤有机碳变化及固碳潜力估算[J].生态学报,37(21):7068-7081.
赖晶晶,张世熔,刘艳婷,等.2016.基于多元分析的岷江下游土壤有机碳密度空间分布及影响因素研究[J].土壤,48(1):13-18.
李斌,方晰,李岩,等.2015.湖南省森林土壤有机碳密度及碳库储量动态[J].生态学报,35(13):4265-4278.
李俊超,郭胜利,党廷辉,等.2014.黄土丘陵区不同退耕方式土壤有机碳密度的差异及其空间变化[J].农业环境科学学报,33(6):1167-1173.
李龙,姚云峰,秦富仓,等.2016.黄花甸子流域人工林土壤有机碳密度分布特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,44(2):77-82.
刘艳,孙向阳,范俊岗,等.2015.辽宁省森林植被碳储量及其动态变化[J].生态环境学报,24(2):211-216.
罗勇,王小国,高美荣,等.2015.川中丘陵典型农田土壤有机碳储量及空间分布特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,24(4):669-675.
吕文强,周传艳,闫俊华,等.2016.贵州省主要森林类型土壤有机碳密度特征及其影响因素[J].地球与环境,44(2):147-153.
彭华,纪雄辉,吴家梅,等.2016.不同稻草还田模式下双季稻土壤有机碳及碳库管理指数研究[J].生态环境学报,25(4):563-568.
孙龙,张光辉,栾莉莉,等.2016.黄土丘陵区表层土壤有机碳沿降水梯度的分布[J].应用生态学报,27(2):532-538.
田耀武,黄志霖,肖文发,等.2016.三峡库区兰陵溪流域土壤有机碳密度的影响因素[J].湖北农业科学,55(17):4385-4389.
王大鹏,王文斌,郑亮,等.2014.中国主要人工林土壤有机碳的比较[J].生态环境学报,23(4):698-704.
辛琨,颜葵,李真,等.2014.海南岛红树林湿地土壤有机碳分布规律及影响因素研究[J].土壤学报,51(5):1078-1086.
徐贵来,张洪江,吕相海,等.2014.重庆四面山五种人工林土壤有机碳储量研究[J].生态环境学报,23(2):211-216.
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