蓝藻衰亡下滇池草海沉积物中各形态磷释放动态的模拟研究
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摘要
为了研究滇池草海蓝藻衰亡过程中沉积物中各形态磷含量的变化,以玻璃缸为模拟实验容器,在玻璃缸中加入叶绿素a质量浓度为50μg/L的蓝藻藻浆(此叶绿素a质量浓度为蓝藻水华爆发时的叶绿素a浓度),进行蓝藻衰亡的遮光模拟实验,研究蓝藻衰亡下沉积物中各形态磷含量的变化。研究结果表明,遮光环境会促使蓝藻大量死亡,当实验进行5 d后,加了蓝藻藻浆玻璃缸中的蓝藻颜色逐渐由绿色变为黄绿色,在实验的第5天至第13天,上覆水中的叶绿素a含量大幅度减少,到第13天,上覆水中的叶绿素a质量浓度仅为0.53μg/L,减少了约95%;上覆水中蓝藻衰亡影响了沉积物中磷的释放,实验结束时,在加了蓝藻藻浆的玻璃缸中,沉积物中的全磷质量比为1 305.09 mg/kg,减小了3.9%,铁结合态磷、钙结合态磷和铝结合态磷含量分别减少了25.72%、16.87%和3.9%,有机磷含量增大11.02%;随着蓝藻的衰亡,玻璃缸上覆水中的叶绿素a含量减少,沉积物中的有机磷含量增加,钙结合态磷和铁结合态磷含量减少。蓝藻衰亡后的残体会使沉积物中的有机磷的含量增加。因此,蓝藻衰亡是引起沉积物中营养物质释放的重要因素。
In order to study the changes of different forms of phosphorus contents in sediment during the process of decline of cyanobacteria in Caohai, Dianchi Lake, glass tank were set. The cyanobacteria pulp with chlorophyll a concentration of 50 μg/L was add into the glass tank to simulate the chlorophyll a concentration of breakout of water bloom. The simulated experiment of dark culture of decline of cyanobacteria was carried out for 13 days, to study the changes of different forms of phosphorus contents in sediments. The results showed that dark culture promoted the massive death of cyanobacteria. The color of cyanobacteria gradually changed from green to yellow-green in the algae-adding glass tank on the fifth day. The concentration of chlorophyll a decreased significantly during the fifth day to the thirteenth day, which was 0.53 μg/L on the thirteenth day, decreased about 95%. Decline of cyanobacteria in overlying water affected phosphorus release from sediments. At the end of experiment, the total phosphorus content was 1 305.09 mg/kg in sediments of the algae-adding glass tank, decreased 3.9%. Contents of ferrum-bound phosphorus, calcium-bound phosphorus and aluminum-bound phosphorus decreased 25.72%, 16.87% and 3.9%, while organphosphorus content increased by 11.02%. During the decline of cyanobacteria, the concentration of chlorophyll a in the overlying water was significantly decreased, the content of organophosphorus increased, and contents of ferrum-bound phosphorus, calcium-bound phosphorus decreased. The residues of cyanobacteria would increase the content of organophosphorus in sediments after the decline. Therefore, the decline of cyanobacteria may be an important factor for the release of nutrients in sediments.
In order to study the changes of different forms of phosphorus contents in sediment during the process of decline of cyanobacteria in Caohai, Dianchi Lake, glass tank were set. The cyanobacteria pulp with chlorophyll a concentration of 50 μg/L was add into the glass tank to simulate the chlorophyll a concentration of breakout of water bloom. The simulated experiment of dark culture of decline of cyanobacteria was carried out for 13 days, to study the changes of different forms of phosphorus contents in sediments. The results showed that dark culture promoted the massive death of cyanobacteria. The color of cyanobacteria gradually changed from green to yellow-green in the algae-adding glass tank on the fifth day. The concentration of chlorophyll a decreased significantly during the fifth day to the thirteenth day, which was 0.53 μg/L on the thirteenth day, decreased about 95%. Decline of cyanobacteria in overlying water affected phosphorus release from sediments. At the end of experiment, the total phosphorus content was 1 305.09 mg/kg in sediments of the algae-adding glass tank, decreased 3.9%. Contents of ferrum-bound phosphorus, calcium-bound phosphorus and aluminum-bound phosphorus decreased 25.72%, 16.87% and 3.9%, while organphosphorus content increased by 11.02%. During the decline of cyanobacteria, the concentration of chlorophyll a in the overlying water was significantly decreased, the content of organophosphorus increased, and contents of ferrum-bound phosphorus, calcium-bound phosphorus decreased. The residues of cyanobacteria would increase the content of organophosphorus in sediments after the decline. Therefore, the decline of cyanobacteria may be an important factor for the release of nutrients in sediments.
引文
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[30]邓洪,刘惠见,包立,等.铜绿微囊藻污染下滇池草海表层沉积物中各形态磷的含量[J].湿地科学, 2018, 1166(6):808-815.
[2]刘利华,郭雪艳,达良俊,等.不同富营养化水平对挺水植物生长及氮磷吸收能力的影响[J].华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012, 11(6):39-46.
[3]李勇,李大鹏,黄勇,等.城市富营养化水体底泥净化磷效果[J].环境工程学报, 2012, 66(2):385-388.
[4]吴世凯,谢平,倪乐意,等.长江中下游地区湖泊中蓝藻及其与氮磷浓度的关系[J].水生态学杂志, 2014, 3355(3):19-25.
[5]陈格君,周文斌,李美停,等.鄱阳湖氮磷营养盐对浮游植物群落影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电, 2013,(3):48-52.
[6]Monbet P, Mckelvie I D, Worsfold P J. Dissolved organic phosphorus speciation in the waters of the Tamar estuary(SW England)[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2009, 7733(4):1027-1038.
[7]Kaiserli A, Voutsa D, Samara C. Phosphorus fractionation in lake sediments-lakes Volvi and Koronia N[J]. Chemosphere, 2002, 46(8):1147-1155.
[8]王忠威,王圣瑞,戴建军,等.洱海沉积物中磷的赋存形态[J].环境科学研究, 2012, 2255(6):47-53.
[9]胡鹏,姚义鸣,胡智弢,等.盐碱地区沉积物磷释放特性及影响因素[J].环境工程学报, 2013, 77(9):3327-3332.
[10]张雷燕,李柯,刘正文.太湖不同污染程度底泥对磷滞留能力的比较[J].农业环境科学学报, 2010, 2299(3):546-550.
[11]毛建忠,王雨春,赵琼美,等.滇池沉积物内源磷释放初步研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报, 2005, 99(3):229-233.
[12]东野脉兴,夏学惠.滇池现代沉积物与环境污染防治对策[J].化工矿产地质, 2004, 2266(1):1-5, 28.
[13]刘韬,齐国辅,高海鹰.滇池沉积物磷形态的水平分布特征[J].安全与环境工程, 2010, 1177(6):26-29, 50.
[14]陈永川,汤利,张德刚,等.滇池沉积物总磷的时空分布特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2007, 2266(1):51-57.
[15]高丽,杨浩,周建民,等.滇池沉积物磷内负荷及对水体贡献的研究[J].环境科学学报, 2004, 2244(5):776-781.
[16]杨逢乐,吴文卫,陈建中,等.滇池沉积物中磷的释放行为研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2009, 3322(12):48-52.
[17]高丽,杨浩,周建民.环境条件变化对滇池沉积物磷释放的影响[J].土壤, 2005, 3377(2):216-219.
[18]安琪,李发荣.滇池草海底泥疏浚对水体水质及底泥影响分析研究[J].云南地理环境研究, 2002, 1144(2):65-69.
[19]夏学惠,东野脉兴,周建民,等.滇池现代沉积物中磷的地球化学及其对环境影响[J].沉积学报, 2002, 2200(3):416-420.
[20]Rydin E. Potentially mobile phosphorus in Lake Erken sediment[J]. Water Research, 2000, 3344(7):2037-2042.
[21]孙共献.水华微囊藻越冬、春季复苏机制及衰亡后营养盐释放过程研究[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学, 2015.
[22]胡梅娟.藻华衰亡过程中湖泊氮、磷迁移转化过程及机理研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2018.
[23]康丽娟.淀山湖沉积物碳、氮、磷分布特征与评价[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 2211(S1):105-110.
[24]杨平,谭立山,金宝石,等.九龙江河口区养虾塘水体营养盐与叶绿素a含量的变化特征及影响因素[J].湿地科学, 2017, 15(6):794-801.
[25]万能,汤俊,宋立荣.微囊藻休眠体复苏机制的研究进展[J].水生生物学报, 2010, 33(4):113-117.
[26]林佳,苏玉萍,钟厚璋,等.一座富营养化水库—福建山仔水库夏季热分层期间浮游植物垂向分布[J].湖泊科学, 2010, 2222(2):244-250.
[27]姜霞,王书航,钟立香,等.巢湖藻类生物量季节性变化特征[J].环境科学, 2010, 3311(9):2056-2062.
[28]朱梦圆,朱广伟,王永平.太湖蓝藻水华衰亡对沉积物氮、磷释放的影响[J].环境科学, 2011, 3322(2):409-415.
[29]胡俊.滇池的内源磷及其与蓝藻水华的关系研究[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院水生生物研究所, 2005.
[30]邓洪,刘惠见,包立,等.铜绿微囊藻污染下滇池草海表层沉积物中各形态磷的含量[J].湿地科学, 2018, 1166(6):808-815.