振动训练足球运动者膝关节屈伸肌群肌肉的力量
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摘要
背景:振动训练作为一种新兴的肌肉力量训练方法,在国外众多领域得到广泛开展。足球作为下肢引导类运动项目之一,对下肢力量素质提出了更高的要求。目的:通过对比分析振动训练和传统力量训练对足球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群肌肉力量的作用,探讨振动训练对足球运动员力量训练的意义。方法:将20名大学生男性足球运动员随机分为2组,每组10人。振动组采用连续8周、30 Hz频率、2 mm振幅的振动训练,对照组采用无振动的传统下肢力量训练。训练前后分别在60 (°)/s和180 (°)/s角速度下对运动员膝关节屈、伸肌群峰力矩、到达峰力矩的时间及总功进行测试。结果与结论:①训练后2组在60,180 (°)/s角速度下峰值力矩均显著升高(P <0.05),在60 (°)/s角速度下2组组间比较峰值力矩差异显著(P <0.05),180 (°)/s角速度下组间峰值力矩比较无显著差异(P> 0.05);②在180 (°)/s角速度下与训练前比较,2组到达峰值力矩时间显著降低(P <0.05),组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);③在60,180 (°)/s角速度下2组总功训练后显著升高(P <0.05),振动组屈、伸肌总功显著大于对照组(P <0.05);④结果说明,采用连续8周、30 Hz频率、2 mm振幅的振动训练方案可有效提高大学生足球运动员膝关节屈、伸肌最大力量、爆发力和肌肉耐力;在提高最大力量和肌肉耐力方面,振动训练优于传统力量训练;在提高肌肉爆发力上,振动训练与传统力量训练相比未见明显优势。
BACKGROUND: Vibration training, as a new emerging method for muscular strength training, has been extensively applied in various fields at abroad. Football is a kind of exercise of guiding lower extremity, so it requires high quality of low limb strength. OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the effects of vibration training and traditional strength training on the strength of knee flexors and extensors of football players, and to explore the significance of vibration training on the strength training of football players. METHODS: Twenty college football players were randomly divided into vibration and control groups(n=10 per group). The vibration group received vibration training(30 Hz, 2 mm, 8 weeks), and the control group received traditional training of lower limb strength without vibration. The peak torque, time to peak torque and total work of knee flexors and extensors were measured before and after training at 60 and 180(°)/s angular speeds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The peak torque at 60 and 180(°)/s angular speeds in the two groups was increased significantly after training(P < 0.05). There was significant difference between two groups at 60(°)/s angular speeds(P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups at 180(°)/s angular speeds(P > 0.05).(2) The time to peak torque at 180(°)/s angular speeds in the two groups was decreased significantly after training(P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups(P > 0.05).(3) The total work at 60 and 180(°)/s angular speeds in the two groups was increased significantly after training(P < 0.05). The total work of flexors and extensors in the vibration group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05).(4) These findings indicate that vibration training program of 8 weeks, 30 Hz frequency and 2 mm amplitude can effectively improve the maximum strength, explosive force and muscle endurance of knee flexor and extensor of college football players. Vibration training is superior to traditional strength training in terms of maximum strength and muscle endurance. In improving muscle explosive power, vibration training has no obvious advantage compared with traditional strength training.
BACKGROUND: Vibration training, as a new emerging method for muscular strength training, has been extensively applied in various fields at abroad. Football is a kind of exercise of guiding lower extremity, so it requires high quality of low limb strength. OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the effects of vibration training and traditional strength training on the strength of knee flexors and extensors of football players, and to explore the significance of vibration training on the strength training of football players. METHODS: Twenty college football players were randomly divided into vibration and control groups(n=10 per group). The vibration group received vibration training(30 Hz, 2 mm, 8 weeks), and the control group received traditional training of lower limb strength without vibration. The peak torque, time to peak torque and total work of knee flexors and extensors were measured before and after training at 60 and 180(°)/s angular speeds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The peak torque at 60 and 180(°)/s angular speeds in the two groups was increased significantly after training(P < 0.05). There was significant difference between two groups at 60(°)/s angular speeds(P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups at 180(°)/s angular speeds(P > 0.05).(2) The time to peak torque at 180(°)/s angular speeds in the two groups was decreased significantly after training(P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups(P > 0.05).(3) The total work at 60 and 180(°)/s angular speeds in the two groups was increased significantly after training(P < 0.05). The total work of flexors and extensors in the vibration group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05).(4) These findings indicate that vibration training program of 8 weeks, 30 Hz frequency and 2 mm amplitude can effectively improve the maximum strength, explosive force and muscle endurance of knee flexor and extensor of college football players. Vibration training is superior to traditional strength training in terms of maximum strength and muscle endurance. In improving muscle explosive power, vibration training has no obvious advantage compared with traditional strength training.
引文
[1]刘英伟,邹晓峰.振动训练对速滑运动员下肢肌力影响的实验研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2012,31(1):81-84.
[2]Bosco C,Cardinale M,Tsarpela O.Influence of vibration on mechanical power and electromyogram activity in human arm flexor muscles.Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol.1999;79(14):306-317.
[3]周生灵.振动训练对田径运动员下肢爆发力和身体成分的长时效应研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2011,34(11):119-122.
[4]辜伟,程亮.优秀女子武术运动员膝关节等速力量测试研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(4):77-79.
[5]汪德勇.振动刺激结合力量训练对运动员下肢肌力和平衡的影响[D].北京:北京体育大学,2016.
[6]谷茂恒,刘文峰,陶小平.振动训练缓解肌肉运动性疲劳的sEMG研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2015,38(4):29-33.
[7]贾蒙蒙,吴卫兵,伍勰,等.FIFA11+练习对足球运动员膝关节生物力学特征和动态平衡能力的影响[J].中国体育科技,2018,54(2):59-65.
[8]崔运能,李绍林,张鑫涛,等.男性职业足球运动员膝关节损伤的MRI分析[J].临床放射学杂志,2015,34(1):97-101
[9]孙越颖,高峰,杜文娅.不同频率振动训练对排球运动员核心区力量及稳定性的影响[J].成都体育学院学报,2016,42(2):76-81.
[10]王晓东.振动训练对足球专项大学生专项身体素质影响的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2013.
[11]晏冰.振动训练[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2010.
[12]黄翼.振动训练对短距离游泳运动员体能及专项成绩影响研究[D].北京:北京体育大学2017.
[13]张自云,金成吉,解超.全身振动训练对我国大学生膝关节肌力影响的Meta分析[J].中国学校体育(高等教育),2017,(5):78-84.
[14]周桂琴,尹军.国内外振动训练在训练学领域比较分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2010,44(12):67-73.
[15]Issurin VB,Liebermann DG,Tenenbaum G.Effect of Vibratory Stimulation Training on Maximal Force and Flexibility.J Sports Sci.1994;12(5):561-567.
[16]Delecluse C,Roelants M,Verschueren S.Strength Increase after Whole Body Vibration Compared with Resistance Training.Med.Sci Sports Exerc.2003;35(6):1033-1040.
[17]邓京捷,李吉如.振动训练对小轮车运动员下肢肌群肌力影响的研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2010,30(3):78-80.
[18]彭春政,危小焰,张晓韵.振动训练的机制和作用效果的研究进展[J].西安体育学院学报,2002,19(3):45-48.
[19]Thue K,Malene B,Paolo C,et al.Effect of Vibration and Resistance Training on Neuromuscular and Hormonal Measures.Eur JAppl Physiol,2006;96(14):615-625.
[20]许鑫华,沈艳梅.振动训练对力量、柔韧及平衡能力的影响[J].浙江体育科学,2015,(2):103-107.
[21]张会敏.振动训练对膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后本体感觉和步态的影响[D].成都:成都体育学院.2018.
[22]黄启闯,徐红旗.下肢肌肉力量分类及训练方法的综述[J].体育科技文献通报,2018,(9):3-5.
[23]高瞻乐,程亮,周继和,等.等速力量训练对优秀运动员膝关节前交叉韧带重建患者术后肌肉力特征的研究[A].石家庄:第十九届全国运动生物力学学术交流大会论文摘要汇编,2017:213-214.
[24]罗兴来,刘雪峰,程亮.四川省少年男篮运动员膝关节等速肌力特征分析[J].四川体育科学,2016,(3):36-39.
[25]傅磊.振动训练对北体大足球专业学生下肢最大力量、爆发力影响的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2010.
[26]郑成,王广兰,王晶.青年男子足球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究[A].金华:第十三届全国运动生物力学学术交流大会论文汇编,2009.
[27]Jackson SW,Turner DL.Prolonged Vibration Reduces Maximal Voluntary Knee Extension Performance in Both the Ipsilateral and the Contra-Lateral Limb in Man.Eur J Appl Physiol.2003;88(33):380-386.
[2]Bosco C,Cardinale M,Tsarpela O.Influence of vibration on mechanical power and electromyogram activity in human arm flexor muscles.Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol.1999;79(14):306-317.
[3]周生灵.振动训练对田径运动员下肢爆发力和身体成分的长时效应研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2011,34(11):119-122.
[4]辜伟,程亮.优秀女子武术运动员膝关节等速力量测试研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(4):77-79.
[5]汪德勇.振动刺激结合力量训练对运动员下肢肌力和平衡的影响[D].北京:北京体育大学,2016.
[6]谷茂恒,刘文峰,陶小平.振动训练缓解肌肉运动性疲劳的sEMG研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2015,38(4):29-33.
[7]贾蒙蒙,吴卫兵,伍勰,等.FIFA11+练习对足球运动员膝关节生物力学特征和动态平衡能力的影响[J].中国体育科技,2018,54(2):59-65.
[8]崔运能,李绍林,张鑫涛,等.男性职业足球运动员膝关节损伤的MRI分析[J].临床放射学杂志,2015,34(1):97-101
[9]孙越颖,高峰,杜文娅.不同频率振动训练对排球运动员核心区力量及稳定性的影响[J].成都体育学院学报,2016,42(2):76-81.
[10]王晓东.振动训练对足球专项大学生专项身体素质影响的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2013.
[11]晏冰.振动训练[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2010.
[12]黄翼.振动训练对短距离游泳运动员体能及专项成绩影响研究[D].北京:北京体育大学2017.
[13]张自云,金成吉,解超.全身振动训练对我国大学生膝关节肌力影响的Meta分析[J].中国学校体育(高等教育),2017,(5):78-84.
[14]周桂琴,尹军.国内外振动训练在训练学领域比较分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2010,44(12):67-73.
[15]Issurin VB,Liebermann DG,Tenenbaum G.Effect of Vibratory Stimulation Training on Maximal Force and Flexibility.J Sports Sci.1994;12(5):561-567.
[16]Delecluse C,Roelants M,Verschueren S.Strength Increase after Whole Body Vibration Compared with Resistance Training.Med.Sci Sports Exerc.2003;35(6):1033-1040.
[17]邓京捷,李吉如.振动训练对小轮车运动员下肢肌群肌力影响的研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2010,30(3):78-80.
[18]彭春政,危小焰,张晓韵.振动训练的机制和作用效果的研究进展[J].西安体育学院学报,2002,19(3):45-48.
[19]Thue K,Malene B,Paolo C,et al.Effect of Vibration and Resistance Training on Neuromuscular and Hormonal Measures.Eur JAppl Physiol,2006;96(14):615-625.
[20]许鑫华,沈艳梅.振动训练对力量、柔韧及平衡能力的影响[J].浙江体育科学,2015,(2):103-107.
[21]张会敏.振动训练对膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后本体感觉和步态的影响[D].成都:成都体育学院.2018.
[22]黄启闯,徐红旗.下肢肌肉力量分类及训练方法的综述[J].体育科技文献通报,2018,(9):3-5.
[23]高瞻乐,程亮,周继和,等.等速力量训练对优秀运动员膝关节前交叉韧带重建患者术后肌肉力特征的研究[A].石家庄:第十九届全国运动生物力学学术交流大会论文摘要汇编,2017:213-214.
[24]罗兴来,刘雪峰,程亮.四川省少年男篮运动员膝关节等速肌力特征分析[J].四川体育科学,2016,(3):36-39.
[25]傅磊.振动训练对北体大足球专业学生下肢最大力量、爆发力影响的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2010.
[26]郑成,王广兰,王晶.青年男子足球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究[A].金华:第十三届全国运动生物力学学术交流大会论文汇编,2009.
[27]Jackson SW,Turner DL.Prolonged Vibration Reduces Maximal Voluntary Knee Extension Performance in Both the Ipsilateral and the Contra-Lateral Limb in Man.Eur J Appl Physiol.2003;88(33):380-386.