印度加尔各答市区外围一地的露尾甲物种组成、多度和季节性发生（英文）
|
摘要
【目的】印度大部分露尾甲在腐烂的水果和蔬菜上大量发生,其种群在一年中表现出明显的季节性波动。据推测,露尾甲种群很大程度上依赖于温度、湿度和降雨之类的环境因子。【方法】本研究调查了2013-2015年印度加尔各答市区外围一地Garia的露尾甲物种组成、季节性发生和种群结构,记录了其活跃时期、季节性多度和影响其发生的因素。【结果】调查期间在调查地共发现数目不等的6个物种。其中最常见露尾甲为Urophorus humeralis,它是个体数量最多的物种且在一年中几乎所有月份均有发生;其他常见物种为Epuraea ocularis和E. luteola。不同物种在食物发酵的连续阶段进入诱捕器中。最初12 h被捕获的是Epuraea属的种类,而在诱捕器中食物严重腐烂的后续阶段发现最多的是U. humeralis。在合适范围的气温(22～29℃)和相对湿度(82. 5%～86%)下,物种丰富度最高,表明这些环境变量对露尾甲种群具有重要影响。【结论】加尔各答主要水果和蔬菜在季风后季节种植,在季风后季节取食这些作物的露尾甲发生量(物种丰富度和多度)最高。这一研究结果可能有助于制定针对这些甲虫的有效田间治理策略。
【Aim】A large majority of the sap beetle fauna of India thrives on rotten fruits and vegetables and their populations show considerable seasonal fluctuations over the year. It has been hypothesized that the population of sap beetles are largely dependent on environmental variables like temperature,humidity and rainfall. 【Methods 】 The species composition,seasonal incidence and population structure of sap beetles( Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) were investigated in Garia,a peri-urban area of Kolkata,India from 2013 to 2015.Period of their activity,seasonal abundance and factors influencing their occurrence were recorded. 【Results】Altogether six species were encountered in varying numbers in the peri-urban area of Kolkata,India during the study period. The most commonly collected sap beetle was Urophorus humeralis. This species was encountered for the largest number and during almost all months of the year. Other common species were Epuraea ocularis and E. luteola. Different species entered into the trap in successive stages of the fermenting food. Epuraea spp.were intercepted in the first 12 h while U. humeralis was mostly found in later successive stage when the food in the bait trap was severely rotten. The species richness was the highest in an optimum range of atmospheric temperature( 22℃ to 29℃) and relative humidity( 82. 5% to 86%),demonstrating that these environmental variables have considerable influence over sap beetle population.【Conclusion】Major fruits and vegetables grow during the post-monsoon season in Kolkata. Sap beetles which feed on these crops show the highest incidence both in terms of species richness and abundance during the post-monsoon season. The study result may help in designing effective field management strategy for these beetles.
【Aim】A large majority of the sap beetle fauna of India thrives on rotten fruits and vegetables and their populations show considerable seasonal fluctuations over the year. It has been hypothesized that the population of sap beetles are largely dependent on environmental variables like temperature,humidity and rainfall. 【Methods 】 The species composition,seasonal incidence and population structure of sap beetles( Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) were investigated in Garia,a peri-urban area of Kolkata,India from 2013 to 2015.Period of their activity,seasonal abundance and factors influencing their occurrence were recorded. 【Results】Altogether six species were encountered in varying numbers in the peri-urban area of Kolkata,India during the study period. The most commonly collected sap beetle was Urophorus humeralis. This species was encountered for the largest number and during almost all months of the year. Other common species were Epuraea ocularis and E. luteola. Different species entered into the trap in successive stages of the fermenting food. Epuraea spp.were intercepted in the first 12 h while U. humeralis was mostly found in later successive stage when the food in the bait trap was severely rotten. The species richness was the highest in an optimum range of atmospheric temperature( 22℃ to 29℃) and relative humidity( 82. 5% to 86%),demonstrating that these environmental variables have considerable influence over sap beetle population.【Conclusion】Major fruits and vegetables grow during the post-monsoon season in Kolkata. Sap beetles which feed on these crops show the highest incidence both in terms of species richness and abundance during the post-monsoon season. The study result may help in designing effective field management strategy for these beetles.
引文
Al-Digail SA,Ahma IA,Mahyoub JA,2012.Effect of temperature and humidity on the population abundance of spotted oriental cucumber beetle Epilachna chrysomelina(F.)(Coccinellidae:Coleoptera)in Al-Qunfudah Western Saudi Arabia.Curr.World Environ.,7(1):7-12.
Alinvi O,Ball JP,Danell K,Hjltén J,Pettersson RB,2007.Sampling saproxylic beetle assemblages in dead wood logs:comparing window and eclector traps to traditional bark sieving and a refinement.J.Insect Conserv.,11:99-112.
Alm SR,Hall FR,Ladd TL,Williams RN,1985.A chemical attractant for Glischrochilus quadrisignatus(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).J.Econ.Entomol.,78(4):839-843.
Aubin SB,2017.Effects of Humidity and Temperature on Burying Beetle(Coleoptera:Silphidae)Survival and Flight.MSc Thesis,Okhlahoma State University,Okhlahoma.62 pp.
Bakke A,1999.High diversity of saproxylic beetles in a hemiboreal mixed forest reserve in the south of Norway.Scand.J.For.Res.,14(3):199-208.
Berger WH,Parker FL,1970.Diversity of planktonic foraminifera in deep-sea sediments.Science,168(3937):1345-1347.
Blackmer JL,Phelan PL,1995.Ecological analyses of Nitidulidae:seasonal occurrence,host choice and habitat preference.J.Appl.Entomol.,119(1-5):321-329.
Cease KR,Juzwik J,2001.Predominant nitidulid species(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)associated with spring oak wilt mats in Minnesota.Can.J.For.Res.,31(4):635-643.
Dahlhoff EP,Fearnley SL,Bruce DA,Gibbs AG,Stoneking R,Mc Millan DM,Deiner K,Smiley JT,Rank NE,2008.Effects of temperature on physiology and reproductive success of a montane leaf beetle:implications for persistence of native populations enduring climate change.Physiol.Biochem.Zool.,81(6):718-732.
Dasgupta J,2017.Taxonomy of Sap Beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)of North-East India and Observations on Their Biological Features.PhD Dissertation,University of Calcutta,Kolkata.487 pp.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,2016.On Cryptarcha Shuckard of North-East India(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae:Cryptarchinae)with description of a new species.Halteres,7:175-190.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,2019.Two new species of Brachypeplus Erichson from India with a key to the Indian species(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae:Cillaeinae).Orient.Insects,53(2):167-176.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,Hegde VD,2013.On the occurrence of Carpophilus maculatus Murray from Kolkata,India(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).Entomon,38(1):39-46.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,Hegde VD,2015.Review of Megauchenia Macleay of India(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae:Prometopinae).Zootaxa,4058(4):551-560.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,Hegde VD,2016a.On Brachypeplus Erichson with a new species from Tripura,India and a note on a species from the Indian subcontinent(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).Orient.Insects,49(3-4):243-255.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,Hegde VD,2016b.On Epuraea Erichson of Assam,India(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae:Epuraeinae).Halteres,7:5-8.
Daughretty DM,Brett CH,1966.Nitidulidae associated with sweet corn in North Carolina.Tech.Bull.N.Carol.Agric.Exp.Sta.,171:1-40.
Dorsey CK,Leach JG,1956.The bionomics of certain insects associated with oak wilt with particular reference to the Nitidulidae.J.Econ.Entomol.,49(2):219-230.
Dowd PF,Bartelt RJ,Wicklow DT,1992.Novel insect trap useful in capturing sap beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)and other flying insects.J.Econ.Entomol.,85(3):777-778.
Dowd PF,Nelsen TC,1994.Seasonal variation of sap beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)populations in central Illinois cornfieldoak woodland habitat and potential influence of weather patterns.Environ.Entomol.,23(5):1215-1223.
Foott WH,Hybsky JE,1976.Capture of Glischrochilus quadrisignatus(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)in bait traps 1970-1974.Can.Entomol.,108(8):837-839.
Frost SW,Dietrich H,1929.Coleoptera taken from bait traps.Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,22:427-437.
Gough N,Hamacek EL,1989.Insect induced bud fall in cultivated Hibiscus and aspects of the biology of Macroura concolor(Macleay)(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).J.Aust.Entomol.Soc.,28(4):267-277.
Grafton-Cardwell EE,Gu P,Montez GH,2005.Effects of temperature on development of vedalia beetle,Rodolia cardinalis(Mulsant).Biol.Control,32(3):473-478.
Habeck DH,2002.Family 77:Nitidulidae.In:Arnett RHJr,Thomas MC,Skelley PE,Frank JH eds.American Beetles.CRC Press,Boca Raton,Florida.311-315.
Habeck DH,2005.Sap beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).In:Capinera JL ed.Encyclopedia of Entomology.Springer,Berlin,Germany.1946-1951.
IBM Corp,2011.IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows,Version 20.0.IBMCorp,Armonk,NY.
James DG,Faulder RJ,Bartelt RJ,1995.Fauna and seasonal abundance of Carpophilus spp.(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)in four stone fruit growing regions of southeastern Australia as determined by pheromone-trapping.J.Aust.Entomol.Soc.,34(4):327-333.
Juzwik J,Skalbeck TC,Neuman MF,2004.Sap beetle species(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)visiting fresh wounds on healthy oaks during spring in Minnesota.Forest Sci.,50(6):757-764.
Kehat M,Blumberg D,Williams RN,1983.Seasonal abundance of sap beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)in date plantations in Israel.Phytoparasitica,11(2):109-112.
Kistler RA,1982.Effects of temperature on six species of seed beetles(Coleoptera:Bruchidae):an ecological perspective.Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,75(3):266-271.
Luckmann WH,1963.Observations on the biology and control of Glischrochilus quadrisignatus.J.Econ.Entomol.,56(5):681-686.
Magagula CN,2006.Habitat specificity and variation of coleopteran assemblages between habitats in a Southern African(Swaziland)agricultural landscape.Biodivers.Conserv.,15(1):453-463.
Ortloff A,Zanetti N,Centeno N,Silva R,Bustamante F,Olave A,2014.Ultra morphological characteristics of mature larvae of Nitidula carnaria(Schaller 1783)(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae),a beetle species of forensic importance.Forensic Sci.Int.,239:e1-e9.
Pal TK,Dasgupta J,2014.Record of the genus Colopterus Erichson,1842 from Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalaya,India,with description of a new species(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).Ann.Mus.Civ.Stor.Nat.Giacomo Doria,106:333-346.
Pal TK,Dasgupta J,2017.Review of the genus Ipidia Erichson of India(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae:Nitidulinae).Halteres,8:112-122.
Smilanick JM,Ehler LE,Birch MC,1978.Attraction of Carpophilus spp.(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)to volatile compounds present in figs.J.Chem.Ecol.,4(6):701-707.
Tukey JW,1977.Exploratory Data Analysis.Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,Reading,Massachusetts.
Tüzün A,Dabiri F,Yüksel S,2010.Preliminary study and Identification of insects’species of forensic importance in Urmia,Iran.Afr.J.Biotechnol.,9(24):3649-3658.
Zar JH,1999.Biostatistical Analysis.4th ed.Upper Saddle River,Prentice-Hall,NJ.
Zeran RM,Anderson RS,Wheeler TA,2006.Sap beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)in managed and old-growth forests in southeastern Ontario,Canada.Can.Entomol.,138(2):123-137.
Zhang Z,2011.Animal biodiversity:an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness.Zootaxa,3148:1-237.
Alinvi O,Ball JP,Danell K,Hjltén J,Pettersson RB,2007.Sampling saproxylic beetle assemblages in dead wood logs:comparing window and eclector traps to traditional bark sieving and a refinement.J.Insect Conserv.,11:99-112.
Alm SR,Hall FR,Ladd TL,Williams RN,1985.A chemical attractant for Glischrochilus quadrisignatus(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).J.Econ.Entomol.,78(4):839-843.
Aubin SB,2017.Effects of Humidity and Temperature on Burying Beetle(Coleoptera:Silphidae)Survival and Flight.MSc Thesis,Okhlahoma State University,Okhlahoma.62 pp.
Bakke A,1999.High diversity of saproxylic beetles in a hemiboreal mixed forest reserve in the south of Norway.Scand.J.For.Res.,14(3):199-208.
Berger WH,Parker FL,1970.Diversity of planktonic foraminifera in deep-sea sediments.Science,168(3937):1345-1347.
Blackmer JL,Phelan PL,1995.Ecological analyses of Nitidulidae:seasonal occurrence,host choice and habitat preference.J.Appl.Entomol.,119(1-5):321-329.
Cease KR,Juzwik J,2001.Predominant nitidulid species(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)associated with spring oak wilt mats in Minnesota.Can.J.For.Res.,31(4):635-643.
Dahlhoff EP,Fearnley SL,Bruce DA,Gibbs AG,Stoneking R,Mc Millan DM,Deiner K,Smiley JT,Rank NE,2008.Effects of temperature on physiology and reproductive success of a montane leaf beetle:implications for persistence of native populations enduring climate change.Physiol.Biochem.Zool.,81(6):718-732.
Dasgupta J,2017.Taxonomy of Sap Beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)of North-East India and Observations on Their Biological Features.PhD Dissertation,University of Calcutta,Kolkata.487 pp.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,2016.On Cryptarcha Shuckard of North-East India(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae:Cryptarchinae)with description of a new species.Halteres,7:175-190.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,2019.Two new species of Brachypeplus Erichson from India with a key to the Indian species(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae:Cillaeinae).Orient.Insects,53(2):167-176.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,Hegde VD,2013.On the occurrence of Carpophilus maculatus Murray from Kolkata,India(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).Entomon,38(1):39-46.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,Hegde VD,2015.Review of Megauchenia Macleay of India(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae:Prometopinae).Zootaxa,4058(4):551-560.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,Hegde VD,2016a.On Brachypeplus Erichson with a new species from Tripura,India and a note on a species from the Indian subcontinent(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).Orient.Insects,49(3-4):243-255.
Dasgupta J,Pal TK,Hegde VD,2016b.On Epuraea Erichson of Assam,India(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae:Epuraeinae).Halteres,7:5-8.
Daughretty DM,Brett CH,1966.Nitidulidae associated with sweet corn in North Carolina.Tech.Bull.N.Carol.Agric.Exp.Sta.,171:1-40.
Dorsey CK,Leach JG,1956.The bionomics of certain insects associated with oak wilt with particular reference to the Nitidulidae.J.Econ.Entomol.,49(2):219-230.
Dowd PF,Bartelt RJ,Wicklow DT,1992.Novel insect trap useful in capturing sap beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)and other flying insects.J.Econ.Entomol.,85(3):777-778.
Dowd PF,Nelsen TC,1994.Seasonal variation of sap beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)populations in central Illinois cornfieldoak woodland habitat and potential influence of weather patterns.Environ.Entomol.,23(5):1215-1223.
Foott WH,Hybsky JE,1976.Capture of Glischrochilus quadrisignatus(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)in bait traps 1970-1974.Can.Entomol.,108(8):837-839.
Frost SW,Dietrich H,1929.Coleoptera taken from bait traps.Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,22:427-437.
Gough N,Hamacek EL,1989.Insect induced bud fall in cultivated Hibiscus and aspects of the biology of Macroura concolor(Macleay)(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).J.Aust.Entomol.Soc.,28(4):267-277.
Grafton-Cardwell EE,Gu P,Montez GH,2005.Effects of temperature on development of vedalia beetle,Rodolia cardinalis(Mulsant).Biol.Control,32(3):473-478.
Habeck DH,2002.Family 77:Nitidulidae.In:Arnett RHJr,Thomas MC,Skelley PE,Frank JH eds.American Beetles.CRC Press,Boca Raton,Florida.311-315.
Habeck DH,2005.Sap beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).In:Capinera JL ed.Encyclopedia of Entomology.Springer,Berlin,Germany.1946-1951.
IBM Corp,2011.IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows,Version 20.0.IBMCorp,Armonk,NY.
James DG,Faulder RJ,Bartelt RJ,1995.Fauna and seasonal abundance of Carpophilus spp.(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)in four stone fruit growing regions of southeastern Australia as determined by pheromone-trapping.J.Aust.Entomol.Soc.,34(4):327-333.
Juzwik J,Skalbeck TC,Neuman MF,2004.Sap beetle species(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)visiting fresh wounds on healthy oaks during spring in Minnesota.Forest Sci.,50(6):757-764.
Kehat M,Blumberg D,Williams RN,1983.Seasonal abundance of sap beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)in date plantations in Israel.Phytoparasitica,11(2):109-112.
Kistler RA,1982.Effects of temperature on six species of seed beetles(Coleoptera:Bruchidae):an ecological perspective.Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,75(3):266-271.
Luckmann WH,1963.Observations on the biology and control of Glischrochilus quadrisignatus.J.Econ.Entomol.,56(5):681-686.
Magagula CN,2006.Habitat specificity and variation of coleopteran assemblages between habitats in a Southern African(Swaziland)agricultural landscape.Biodivers.Conserv.,15(1):453-463.
Ortloff A,Zanetti N,Centeno N,Silva R,Bustamante F,Olave A,2014.Ultra morphological characteristics of mature larvae of Nitidula carnaria(Schaller 1783)(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae),a beetle species of forensic importance.Forensic Sci.Int.,239:e1-e9.
Pal TK,Dasgupta J,2014.Record of the genus Colopterus Erichson,1842 from Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalaya,India,with description of a new species(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae).Ann.Mus.Civ.Stor.Nat.Giacomo Doria,106:333-346.
Pal TK,Dasgupta J,2017.Review of the genus Ipidia Erichson of India(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae:Nitidulinae).Halteres,8:112-122.
Smilanick JM,Ehler LE,Birch MC,1978.Attraction of Carpophilus spp.(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)to volatile compounds present in figs.J.Chem.Ecol.,4(6):701-707.
Tukey JW,1977.Exploratory Data Analysis.Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,Reading,Massachusetts.
Tüzün A,Dabiri F,Yüksel S,2010.Preliminary study and Identification of insects’species of forensic importance in Urmia,Iran.Afr.J.Biotechnol.,9(24):3649-3658.
Zar JH,1999.Biostatistical Analysis.4th ed.Upper Saddle River,Prentice-Hall,NJ.
Zeran RM,Anderson RS,Wheeler TA,2006.Sap beetles(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)in managed and old-growth forests in southeastern Ontario,Canada.Can.Entomol.,138(2):123-137.
Zhang Z,2011.Animal biodiversity:an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness.Zootaxa,3148:1-237.