中国畜禽粪便资源量评估相关参数取值商榷
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摘要
畜禽粪便是重要的有机废弃物资源,但长久以来一直没有关于畜禽粪便资源量评估参数取值的系统性研究,因此该文旨在研究确定各种畜禽的年饲养周期、粪便含水率、养殖规模化系数的合理取值。该研究通过搜集1995年以来的国内外发表的相关文献获得这3个系数的取值,讨论并分析了前人取值的合理性与可靠性,纠正了可能存在的取值误区。最终确定了猪的年饲养周期为179 d,兔的年饲养周期为147 d,肉鸡、肉鸭和鹅的年饲养周期分别为59、59和80 d,而役用牛、肉牛、奶牛、羊、马、驴、骡、骆驼、蛋鸡以及蛋鸭的年饲养周期为365 d。各类畜禽粪便的含水率在51.0%～84.2%之间,其中鸭粪便含水率最低,猪粪便含水率最高。2015―2016年各主要畜禽的平均养殖规模化系数在28.1%～74.1%之间。该研究的结果将有助于更加准确地评估中国畜禽粪便的资源量,促进畜禽粪便的资源化利用的产业发展。
Livestock and poultry excrement(LPE) is an important waste organic resource. An integrated evaluation of LPE quantity would significantly improve controlling the pollutant generated from livestock and poultry husbandry, however, for a long time, a consensus on LPE and an appropriate agreed-upon parameter selection were still lacking. Hence, this research aimed at determining the value of feeding cycle period, moisture content of LPE and commercial scale husbandry coefficient in evaluating LPE resource. This research collected the related literatures published in China or abroad since 1995 to gather various values of these parameters. Firstly, for the feeding cycle period of different kind of livestock and poultry, the rationality and reliability of the values from previous researches were collected and analyzed, and the possible wrong values were corrected. Noteworthy, this research firstly took the purge and disinfection period for poultry shed into consideration because it's necessary in poultry husbandry industries. Secondly, the moisture content was of great importance for dry weight basis evaluation, because only the LPE in dry weight basis had comparability with other biomass. For a long time, researchers took the moisture content in feces into consideration only, however, ignored the moisture content in urine. This research gathered all related results in available publications, which were summarized to form a feasible conclusion. Thirdly, knowing the commercial scale husbandry coefficient would be helpful to LPE logistic, so this research required government information publicity from Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs. Hence, our results showed that the annual feeding cycle period of the pig was 179 days, the rabbit was 147 days, the broiler chicken, broiler duck and goose was 59, 59 and 80 days(including the purge and disinfection period of 10 days), respectively, the feeding cycle period of draft cattle, beef cattle, dairy cow, sheep, horse, donkey, mule, camel, egg chicken and egg duck was 365 days. The moisture content of LPE ranged from 51.0% to 84.2%, among which, duck excrement exhibited the lowest moisture content, and pig excrement showed the highest moisture content. In 2015-2016, the commercial scale husbandry coefficient of the major livestock and poultry(including pig, beef cattle, dairy cow, sheep, broiler chicken and egg chicken) ranged between 28.1%-74.1%, thereinto, the broiler chicken was the highest while the beef cattle lowest. With the up-dated coefficients, LPE production could be evaluated more precisely and the results of this research would help livestock farmers to manage and recycle LPE and facilitate related legislation to achieve the ecological agriculture in China.
Livestock and poultry excrement(LPE) is an important waste organic resource. An integrated evaluation of LPE quantity would significantly improve controlling the pollutant generated from livestock and poultry husbandry, however, for a long time, a consensus on LPE and an appropriate agreed-upon parameter selection were still lacking. Hence, this research aimed at determining the value of feeding cycle period, moisture content of LPE and commercial scale husbandry coefficient in evaluating LPE resource. This research collected the related literatures published in China or abroad since 1995 to gather various values of these parameters. Firstly, for the feeding cycle period of different kind of livestock and poultry, the rationality and reliability of the values from previous researches were collected and analyzed, and the possible wrong values were corrected. Noteworthy, this research firstly took the purge and disinfection period for poultry shed into consideration because it's necessary in poultry husbandry industries. Secondly, the moisture content was of great importance for dry weight basis evaluation, because only the LPE in dry weight basis had comparability with other biomass. For a long time, researchers took the moisture content in feces into consideration only, however, ignored the moisture content in urine. This research gathered all related results in available publications, which were summarized to form a feasible conclusion. Thirdly, knowing the commercial scale husbandry coefficient would be helpful to LPE logistic, so this research required government information publicity from Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs. Hence, our results showed that the annual feeding cycle period of the pig was 179 days, the rabbit was 147 days, the broiler chicken, broiler duck and goose was 59, 59 and 80 days(including the purge and disinfection period of 10 days), respectively, the feeding cycle period of draft cattle, beef cattle, dairy cow, sheep, horse, donkey, mule, camel, egg chicken and egg duck was 365 days. The moisture content of LPE ranged from 51.0% to 84.2%, among which, duck excrement exhibited the lowest moisture content, and pig excrement showed the highest moisture content. In 2015-2016, the commercial scale husbandry coefficient of the major livestock and poultry(including pig, beef cattle, dairy cow, sheep, broiler chicken and egg chicken) ranged between 28.1%-74.1%, thereinto, the broiler chicken was the highest while the beef cattle lowest. With the up-dated coefficients, LPE production could be evaluated more precisely and the results of this research would help livestock farmers to manage and recycle LPE and facilitate related legislation to achieve the ecological agriculture in China.
引文
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