南海海啸在泰国湾海域的共振响应
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摘要
马尼拉海沟具备引发地震海啸的条件,是南中国海主要的潜在海啸发生区。南中国海西南部泰国湾海域和纳土纳海域地形复杂、多独立的半封闭水域,海啸波极易在该区域形成水波共振,加剧其灾害影响。采用COMCOT海啸模型模拟了马尼拉海沟断裂带发生9.3级地震时引发海啸的长时间传播过程,并基于水波共振理论分析其在不同尺度下的共振特性。结果表明,海啸波在曼谷湾至邦加—勿里洞岛间引起了明显的纵向第一、二模态(3 360.0 min、1 440.0 min)水波共振,在泰国湾至邦加—勿里洞岛之间引起了明显的纵向第二、三、四模态(775.4 min、560.0 min、373.3 min)共振,而在泰国湾至印度尼西亚沿岸引起了明显的纵向第二、三、五、七模态(1 008.0 min、630.0 min、373.3 min、252.0 min)水波共振。此外,海啸波不仅在泰国湾引起了明显的纵向第一、三、四模态(560. 0 min、252. 0 min、179. 4 min)共振,还在其横向出现了明显的第一、二、三模态(480.0 min、252.0 min、179.4 min)共振。
The Manila Trench is considered as the main potential tsunami source in the South China Sea. There are many complex and independent semi-enclosed water areas in the Gulf of Thailand and Natuna sea,southwest of the South China Sea. Tsunamis can be easily amplified due to the resonance,which further strengthens the disaster effects. In this paper,COMCOT is used to simulate the long time propagation of the tsunami caused by the 9.3 magnitude earthquake in the Manila trench subduction zone,and the resonant characteristics in different scales are analyzed using the wave resonance theory. The results show that the tsunami wave can evidently generate the first and second longitudinal modes between the bay of Bangkok and Bangka Belitung Islands,the second,third and fourth longitudinal modes between the Gulf of Thailand and Bangka Belitung Islands,the second,the third,fifth and seventh longitudinal modes between the Gulf of Thailand and near the shore of Indonesia. Furthermore,there are not only the evident first,third and fourth longitudinal modes in the Gulf of Thailand but also the first,second and third transverse modes.
The Manila Trench is considered as the main potential tsunami source in the South China Sea. There are many complex and independent semi-enclosed water areas in the Gulf of Thailand and Natuna sea,southwest of the South China Sea. Tsunamis can be easily amplified due to the resonance,which further strengthens the disaster effects. In this paper,COMCOT is used to simulate the long time propagation of the tsunami caused by the 9.3 magnitude earthquake in the Manila trench subduction zone,and the resonant characteristics in different scales are analyzed using the wave resonance theory. The results show that the tsunami wave can evidently generate the first and second longitudinal modes between the bay of Bangkok and Bangka Belitung Islands,the second,third and fourth longitudinal modes between the Gulf of Thailand and Bangka Belitung Islands,the second,the third,fifth and seventh longitudinal modes between the Gulf of Thailand and near the shore of Indonesia. Furthermore,there are not only the evident first,third and fourth longitudinal modes in the Gulf of Thailand but also the first,second and third transverse modes.
引文
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[19]袁春光,王义刚,黄惠明,等.日本“311”海啸对江苏北部沿海影响分析[J].海洋工程,2013,31(6):68-75.(YUAN Chunguang,WANG Yigang,HUANG Huiming,et al. Impact of“311”Japan tsunami on northern Jiangsu coast[J]. The Ocean Engineering,2013,31(6):68-75.(in Chinese))
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[21] NGUYEN P H,QUE C B,VU P H,et al. Scenario-based tsunami hazard assessment for the coast of Vietnam from the Manila Trench source[J]. Physics of the Earth&Planetary Interiors,2014,236:95-108.
[22] URSELL F. Edge waves on a sloping beach[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1952,214(1116):79-97.
[23] ABRIL J M,PERIEZ R. A modelling study on tsunami propagation in the Red Sea:Historical events,potential hazards and spectral analysis[J]. Ocean Engineering,2017,134:1-12.
[24] BELLOTTI G. Transient response of harbours to long waves under resonance conditions[J]. Coastal Engineering,2007,54(9):680-693.
[2]郑金海.日本海岸工程研究进展———第52回日本海岸工学讲演会介绍[J].海洋工程,2006,24(2):143-146.(ZHENG Jinhai. Advances in coastal engineering in Japan:An introduction to the 52nd annual conference on coastal engineering in Japan[J]. The Ocean Engineering,2006,24(2):143-146.(in Chinese))
[3] KIRBY S. Great earthquake tsunami sources:empiricism and beyond[M]. USGS Tsunami Sources Workshop,Memo Park,California,USA,2006.
[4] LIN C H. Thermal modeling of continental subduction and exhumation constrained by heat flow and seismicity in Taiwan[J].Tectonophysics,2000,324(3):189-201.
[5]王岗,高俊亮,王培涛,等.港湾共振研究综述[J].海洋学报,2017,39(11):1-13.(WANG Gang,GAO Junling,WANG Peitao,et al. Review on harbor resonance[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2017,39(11):1-13.(in Chinese))
[6] SATAKE K,SHIMAZAKI K. Free oscillation of the Japan Sea excited by earthquakes—II. Modal approach and synthetic tsunamis[J]. Geophysical Journal International,1988,93(3):457-463.
[7] HEIDARZADEH M,TSIMPLIS M. Special characteristics of tsunami propagation in the western mediterranean basin[C]//International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASME,2010:673-681.
[8] MUNGER S,CHEUNG K F. Resonance in Hawaii waters from the 2006 Kuril Islands Tsunami[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(7):284-298.
[9] ROEBER V,YAMAZAKI Y,CHEUNG K F. Resonance and impact of the 2009 Samoa tsunami around Tutuila,American Samoa[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2010,37(21):193-195.
[10] YAMAZAKI Y,CHEUNG K F. Shelf resonance and impact of near-field tsunami generated by the 2010 Chile earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2011,38(12):564-570.
[11] HBERT H,HEINRICH P,SCHINDELF,et al. Far-field simulation of tsunami propagation in the Pacific Ocean:Impact on the Marquesas Islands(French Polynesia)[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,2001,106(C5):9161-9177.
[12] ALLGEYER S,HBERT H,MADARIAGA R. Modelling the tsunami free oscillations in the Marquesas(French Polynesia)[J]. Geophysical Journal International,2013,193(3):1447-1459.
[13] RUANGRASSAMEE A,SAELEM N. Effect of tsunamis generated in the Manila Trench on the Gulf of Thailand[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2009,36(1):56-66.
[14] WANG X. User manual for COMCOT version 1.7(first draft)[R]. Cornel University,2009:65.
[15] MANSINHA L,SMYLIE D E. The displacement fields of inclined faults[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1971,61(5):1433-1440.
[16] OKADA Y. Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1985,75(2):1018-1040.
[17] ORTIZ M,REYES E G,MUOZ H S V. A fast preliminary estimation model for transoceanic tsunami propagation[J]. Geofísica Internacional,2000,39(3):207-220.
[18] LIU P L F,WANG X,SALISBURY A J. Tsunami hazard and early warning system in South China Sea[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2009,36(1):2-12.
[19]袁春光,王义刚,黄惠明,等.日本“311”海啸对江苏北部沿海影响分析[J].海洋工程,2013,31(6):68-75.(YUAN Chunguang,WANG Yigang,HUANG Huiming,et al. Impact of“311”Japan tsunami on northern Jiangsu coast[J]. The Ocean Engineering,2013,31(6):68-75.(in Chinese))
[20]王培涛,于福江,赵联大,等. 2011年3月11日日本地震海啸越洋传播及对中国影响的数值分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):3088-3096.(WANG Peitao,YU Fujiang,ZHAO Lianda,et al. Numerical analysis of tsunami propagating generated by the Japan Mw9. 0 earthquake on Mar. 11 in 2011 and its impact on China coasts[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):3088-3096.(in Chinese))
[21] NGUYEN P H,QUE C B,VU P H,et al. Scenario-based tsunami hazard assessment for the coast of Vietnam from the Manila Trench source[J]. Physics of the Earth&Planetary Interiors,2014,236:95-108.
[22] URSELL F. Edge waves on a sloping beach[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1952,214(1116):79-97.
[23] ABRIL J M,PERIEZ R. A modelling study on tsunami propagation in the Red Sea:Historical events,potential hazards and spectral analysis[J]. Ocean Engineering,2017,134:1-12.
[24] BELLOTTI G. Transient response of harbours to long waves under resonance conditions[J]. Coastal Engineering,2007,54(9):680-693.