海上双馈感应发电机定子绕组匝间短路容错技术可行性分析
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摘要
受海洋恶劣环境影响,海上双馈感应发电机(DFIG)定子绕组匝间短路故障频发,伴随海上可及性差引起的故障维修困难、停运损失巨大,使得容错技术需求日趋迫切。文中根据DFIG定子绕组匝间短路故障特点,构建精确通用的定子绕组匝间短路模型。针对故障后定子电流负序分量幅值增大而严重影响DFIG正常运行的问题,分离各序分量并提取定子负序电流,通过在转子侧输入相应的谐波电压来抵消定子侧负序电流,构建负序电流控制器以抑制故障后定子相电流的负序分量。仿真与实验结果验证了该方法可以有效降低DFIG定子绕组匝间短路故障后的定子负序电流幅值与输出功率脉动。
Owing to the harsh marine environment, the stator winding short-circuit faults of offshore doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) occurr constantly. Due to the low accessibility, the problems of hard maintenance and high outage loss in the offshore wind farm make the fault-tolerant technology requirements increasingly urgent. The precise and generic stator winding turn-to-turn short-circuit model of DFIG is built based on the short-circuit fault characteristics of DFIG stator windings. To solve the problem of the operation for DFIG which is seriously affected by the increase of stator negative sequence current during the fault of sequence current is seperated and the negative sequence current is extracted and offsetted by injecting the corresponding harmonic voltage into the rotor side, and the negative sequence controller is built to restrain the negative component of the stator phase current after the fault. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed method is able to reduce the amplitude of stator negative sequence current and pulsation of output power.
Owing to the harsh marine environment, the stator winding short-circuit faults of offshore doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) occurr constantly. Due to the low accessibility, the problems of hard maintenance and high outage loss in the offshore wind farm make the fault-tolerant technology requirements increasingly urgent. The precise and generic stator winding turn-to-turn short-circuit model of DFIG is built based on the short-circuit fault characteristics of DFIG stator windings. To solve the problem of the operation for DFIG which is seriously affected by the increase of stator negative sequence current during the fault of sequence current is seperated and the negative sequence current is extracted and offsetted by injecting the corresponding harmonic voltage into the rotor side, and the negative sequence controller is built to restrain the negative component of the stator phase current after the fault. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed method is able to reduce the amplitude of stator negative sequence current and pulsation of output power.
引文
[1] YANG Xia, SONG Yonghua, WANG Guanhui, et al. A comprehensive review on the development of sustainable energy strategy and implementation in China[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2010, 1(2): 57-65.
[2] CHEN Zhe. Wind power in modern power systems[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2013, 1(1): 2-13.
[3] 王志新,吴杰,徐烈,等.大型海上风电场并网VSC-HVDC变流器关键技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):14-26.WANG Zhixin, WU Jie, XU Lie, et al. Key technologies of large offshore wind farm VSC-HVDC converters for grid integration[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(19): 14-26.
[4] Global wind report 2015[EB/OL]. [2018-01-02]. http://www.gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/vip/GWEC-Global-Wind-2015-Report_April-2016_22_04. pdf.
[5] 张学广,陈辉,马彦,等.双馈风力发电机定子电流检测系统容错控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(3):30-35.ZHANG Xueguang, CHEN Hui, MA Yan, et al. Fault tolerant control for stator current sensor system in doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 30-35.
[6] KAWAGUCHI T, SAKAZAKI T, ISOBE T, et al. Offshore-wind-farm configuration using diode rectifier with MERS in current link topology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(7): 2930-2937.
[7] 谢欢,苏为民,朱红伟,等.基于V形曲线的定子电流限制改进方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(7):144-148.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160805006.XIE Huan, SU Weimin, ZHU Hongwei, et al. Improved method of stator current limit based on V-curve[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(7): 144-148. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20160805006.
[8] 谢震,李厚涛,张兴,等.基于谐波阻尼的双馈感应发电机定子谐波电流抑制改进策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):118-124.XIE Zhen, LI Houtao, ZHANG Xing, et al. Harmonic damping based improvement strategy for suppressing stator harmonic current of doubly-fed induction generator[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(16): 118-124.
[9] ODGAARD P F, STOUSTRUP J, KINNAERT M. Fault-tolerant control of wind turbines: a benchmark model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2009, 21(4): 1168-1182.
[10] 杨勇.双馈异步感应发电机组电参数故障诊断技术的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.YANG Yong. Doubly-fed asynchronous induction generator fault diagnosis technology based on electrical signals[D]. Changsha: Central South University, 2010.
[11] ZHU P, LIU Y, ROBERT R, et al. Offshore wind converter reliability evaluation[C]// IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia, May 30-June 3, 2011, Jeju, South Korea: 966-971.
[12] 魏书荣,张路,符杨,等.基于拟序阻抗的海上双馈电机定子绕组匝间短路早期故障辨识[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):273-281. WEI Shurong, ZHANG Lu, FU Yang, et al. Early fault detection based on the quasi-sequence impedance for inter-turn faults in stator windings of offshore wind DFIG[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(1): 273-281.
[13] WANG B, JIANG N I, GENG J, et al. Arc flash fault detection in wind farm collection feeders based on current waveform analysis[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2017, 5(2): 1-9.
[14] 魏书荣,何之倬,黄苏融,等.海上双馈风力发电机组开路故障容错重构技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):83-89.WEI Shurong, HE Zhizhuo, HUANG Surong, et al. Reconfiguration technology for open-circuit fault tolerance of DFIG-based wind turbines in offshore wind farm[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(16): 83-89.
[15] 魏书荣,何之倬,符杨,等.海上风电机组故障容错运行研究现状分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(9):145-154.WEI Shurong, HE Zhizhuo, FU Yang, et al. Research status and prospect of offshore wind turbine fault tolerance[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2016, 44(9): 145-154.
[16] SAE-KOK W, GRANT D M, WILLIAMS B W. System reconfiguration under open-switch faults in a doubly fed induction machine[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation, 2010, 4(5): 458-470.
[17] SHAHBAZI M, POURE P, SAADATE S, et al. Five-leg converter topology for wind energy conversion system with doubly-fed induction generator[J]. Renewable Energy, 2011, 36(11): 3187-3194.
[18] 马宏忠.电机状态监测与故障诊断[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.MA Hongzhong. Motor condition monitoring and fault diagnosis[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2008.
[19] 王晓琳,盛旺,邓智泉,等.多相无轴承永磁薄片电机故障运行特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(18):73-78.WANG Xiaolin, SHENG Wang, DENG Zhiquan, et al.Operating characteristics analysis of multi-phase bearingless permanent magnet slice motors with faulty phases[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(18): 73-78.
[20] 王晓琳,任新宇,邓智泉,等.短路容错控制在多相无轴承永磁同步电机中的可行性分析[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(3):105-118.WANG Xiaolin, REN Xinyu, DENG Zhiquan, et al. Feasibility of fault-tolerant control of multi-phase permanent magnetic bearingless motors with short-circuited phases[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(3): 105-118.
[21] JEONG I, HYON B J, NAM K. Dynamic modeling and control for SPMSMs with internal turn short fault[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013, 28(7): 3495-3508.
[22] CINTRON-RIVERA J G, FOSTE S N, STRANGAS E G. Mitigation of turn-to-turn faults in fault tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2015, 30(2): 465-475.
[23] LESIC V, VASAK M, STOJCIC G, et al. Fault-tolerant control of wound rotor synchronous generator in wind turbines[C]// International Conference on Electrical Machines, September 2-5, 2014, Berlin, Germany: 1758-1764.
[24] 马宏忠,张志艳,张志新,等.双馈异步发电机定子匝间短路故障诊断研究[J].电机与控制学报,2011,15(11):50-54.MA Hongzhong, ZHANG Zhiyan, ZHANG Zhixin, et al. Research on DFIG stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault[J].Electric Machines and Control, 2011, 15(11): 50-54.
[25] SUN L L, XU B Q, DU W J, et al. Model development and small-signal stability analysis of DFIG with stator winding inter-turn fault[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation, 2017, 11(3): 338-346.
[26] REHMAN A U, CHEN Y, WANG L L, et al. Simulation using MATLAB/Simulink on rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault in DFIG[C]// IEEE International Conference on Dielectrics, July 3-7, 2016, Montpellier, France: 506-509.
[27] 胡家兵,贺益康,郭晓明,等.不平衡电压下双馈异步风力发电系统的建模与控制[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(14):47-56.HU Jiabing, HE Yikang, GUO Xiaoming, et al. Modeling and control of the DFIG-based wind power generation system under unbalanced grid voltage conditions[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2007, 31(14): 47-56.
[28] 廖勇,吴兴旺,刘刃.电网不平衡时双馈感应发电机定子负序和谐波电流抑制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(19):26-32.LIAO Yong, WU Xingwang, LIU Ren. Suppression for negative sequence and harmonic current of a doubly-fed induction generator stator in unbalanced grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2013, 37(19): 26-32.
[29] JUNG S Y, NAM K. PMSM control based on edge-field hall sensor signals through ANF-PLL processing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 58(11): 5121-5129.
[2] CHEN Zhe. Wind power in modern power systems[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2013, 1(1): 2-13.
[3] 王志新,吴杰,徐烈,等.大型海上风电场并网VSC-HVDC变流器关键技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):14-26.WANG Zhixin, WU Jie, XU Lie, et al. Key technologies of large offshore wind farm VSC-HVDC converters for grid integration[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(19): 14-26.
[4] Global wind report 2015[EB/OL]. [2018-01-02]. http://www.gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/vip/GWEC-Global-Wind-2015-Report_April-2016_22_04. pdf.
[5] 张学广,陈辉,马彦,等.双馈风力发电机定子电流检测系统容错控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(3):30-35.ZHANG Xueguang, CHEN Hui, MA Yan, et al. Fault tolerant control for stator current sensor system in doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 30-35.
[6] KAWAGUCHI T, SAKAZAKI T, ISOBE T, et al. Offshore-wind-farm configuration using diode rectifier with MERS in current link topology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(7): 2930-2937.
[7] 谢欢,苏为民,朱红伟,等.基于V形曲线的定子电流限制改进方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(7):144-148.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160805006.XIE Huan, SU Weimin, ZHU Hongwei, et al. Improved method of stator current limit based on V-curve[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(7): 144-148. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20160805006.
[8] 谢震,李厚涛,张兴,等.基于谐波阻尼的双馈感应发电机定子谐波电流抑制改进策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):118-124.XIE Zhen, LI Houtao, ZHANG Xing, et al. Harmonic damping based improvement strategy for suppressing stator harmonic current of doubly-fed induction generator[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(16): 118-124.
[9] ODGAARD P F, STOUSTRUP J, KINNAERT M. Fault-tolerant control of wind turbines: a benchmark model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2009, 21(4): 1168-1182.
[10] 杨勇.双馈异步感应发电机组电参数故障诊断技术的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.YANG Yong. Doubly-fed asynchronous induction generator fault diagnosis technology based on electrical signals[D]. Changsha: Central South University, 2010.
[11] ZHU P, LIU Y, ROBERT R, et al. Offshore wind converter reliability evaluation[C]// IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia, May 30-June 3, 2011, Jeju, South Korea: 966-971.
[12] 魏书荣,张路,符杨,等.基于拟序阻抗的海上双馈电机定子绕组匝间短路早期故障辨识[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):273-281. WEI Shurong, ZHANG Lu, FU Yang, et al. Early fault detection based on the quasi-sequence impedance for inter-turn faults in stator windings of offshore wind DFIG[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(1): 273-281.
[13] WANG B, JIANG N I, GENG J, et al. Arc flash fault detection in wind farm collection feeders based on current waveform analysis[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2017, 5(2): 1-9.
[14] 魏书荣,何之倬,黄苏融,等.海上双馈风力发电机组开路故障容错重构技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):83-89.WEI Shurong, HE Zhizhuo, HUANG Surong, et al. Reconfiguration technology for open-circuit fault tolerance of DFIG-based wind turbines in offshore wind farm[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(16): 83-89.
[15] 魏书荣,何之倬,符杨,等.海上风电机组故障容错运行研究现状分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(9):145-154.WEI Shurong, HE Zhizhuo, FU Yang, et al. Research status and prospect of offshore wind turbine fault tolerance[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2016, 44(9): 145-154.
[16] SAE-KOK W, GRANT D M, WILLIAMS B W. System reconfiguration under open-switch faults in a doubly fed induction machine[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation, 2010, 4(5): 458-470.
[17] SHAHBAZI M, POURE P, SAADATE S, et al. Five-leg converter topology for wind energy conversion system with doubly-fed induction generator[J]. Renewable Energy, 2011, 36(11): 3187-3194.
[18] 马宏忠.电机状态监测与故障诊断[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.MA Hongzhong. Motor condition monitoring and fault diagnosis[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2008.
[19] 王晓琳,盛旺,邓智泉,等.多相无轴承永磁薄片电机故障运行特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(18):73-78.WANG Xiaolin, SHENG Wang, DENG Zhiquan, et al.Operating characteristics analysis of multi-phase bearingless permanent magnet slice motors with faulty phases[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(18): 73-78.
[20] 王晓琳,任新宇,邓智泉,等.短路容错控制在多相无轴承永磁同步电机中的可行性分析[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(3):105-118.WANG Xiaolin, REN Xinyu, DENG Zhiquan, et al. Feasibility of fault-tolerant control of multi-phase permanent magnetic bearingless motors with short-circuited phases[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(3): 105-118.
[21] JEONG I, HYON B J, NAM K. Dynamic modeling and control for SPMSMs with internal turn short fault[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013, 28(7): 3495-3508.
[22] CINTRON-RIVERA J G, FOSTE S N, STRANGAS E G. Mitigation of turn-to-turn faults in fault tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2015, 30(2): 465-475.
[23] LESIC V, VASAK M, STOJCIC G, et al. Fault-tolerant control of wound rotor synchronous generator in wind turbines[C]// International Conference on Electrical Machines, September 2-5, 2014, Berlin, Germany: 1758-1764.
[24] 马宏忠,张志艳,张志新,等.双馈异步发电机定子匝间短路故障诊断研究[J].电机与控制学报,2011,15(11):50-54.MA Hongzhong, ZHANG Zhiyan, ZHANG Zhixin, et al. Research on DFIG stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault[J].Electric Machines and Control, 2011, 15(11): 50-54.
[25] SUN L L, XU B Q, DU W J, et al. Model development and small-signal stability analysis of DFIG with stator winding inter-turn fault[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation, 2017, 11(3): 338-346.
[26] REHMAN A U, CHEN Y, WANG L L, et al. Simulation using MATLAB/Simulink on rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault in DFIG[C]// IEEE International Conference on Dielectrics, July 3-7, 2016, Montpellier, France: 506-509.
[27] 胡家兵,贺益康,郭晓明,等.不平衡电压下双馈异步风力发电系统的建模与控制[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(14):47-56.HU Jiabing, HE Yikang, GUO Xiaoming, et al. Modeling and control of the DFIG-based wind power generation system under unbalanced grid voltage conditions[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2007, 31(14): 47-56.
[28] 廖勇,吴兴旺,刘刃.电网不平衡时双馈感应发电机定子负序和谐波电流抑制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(19):26-32.LIAO Yong, WU Xingwang, LIU Ren. Suppression for negative sequence and harmonic current of a doubly-fed induction generator stator in unbalanced grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2013, 37(19): 26-32.
[29] JUNG S Y, NAM K. PMSM control based on edge-field hall sensor signals through ANF-PLL processing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 58(11): 5121-5129.