再感染根管内的微生物
|
摘要
根管内持续性感染是导致根管治疗失败的主要原因,再感染根管内的微生物与初次感染根管内的微生物种类有很大差别,对再感染根管内的微生物种类及致病性有一个彻底的了解能够有针对性地制定感染控制的策略,获得良好的预后。文章就再感染根管内的微生物及其致病机制做一介绍。
Persistent infection in root-filled canal is the main cause of failure of root canal treatment. The species of microorganisms in the reinfected root canal are quite different from those in the first-infected root canal. A thorough understanding of the microbial species and their pathogenicity in the reinfected root canal contributes to making a strategy to control infection and get great prognosis eventually. In this paper,the microorganisms of reinfected root canal and their pathogenesis were introduced.
Persistent infection in root-filled canal is the main cause of failure of root canal treatment. The species of microorganisms in the reinfected root canal are quite different from those in the first-infected root canal. A thorough understanding of the microbial species and their pathogenicity in the reinfected root canal contributes to making a strategy to control infection and get great prognosis eventually. In this paper,the microorganisms of reinfected root canal and their pathogenesis were introduced.
引文
[1]Kan VL.Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of candidemia[J].J Infect Dis,1993,168(3):779-783.
[2]Sundqvist G,Figdor D,Persson S,et al.Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod,1998,85(1):86-93.
[3]Machado de OJC,Siqueira JF Jr,Alves GB,et al.Detection of Porphyromonas endodontalis in infected root canals by 16SrRNA gene-directed polymerase chain reaction[J].J Endod,2000,26(12):729-732.
[4]Sedgley C,Buck G,Appelbe O.Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis at multiple oral sites in endodontic patients using culture and PCR[J].J Endod,2006,32(2):104-109.
[5]Wang QQ,Zhang CF,Chu CH,et al.Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of teeth associated with apical periodontitis[J].Int J Oral Sci,2012,4(1):19-23.
[6]Sedgley CM,Lennan SL,Clewell DB.Prevalence,phenotype,and genotype of oral Enterococci[J].Oral Microbiol Immunol,2004,19(2):95-101.
[7]Haapasalo M,Orstavik D.Invitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules[J].J Dent Res,1987,66(8):1375-1379.
[8]Peters LB,Wesselink PR,Moorer WR.Penetration of bacteria in bovine root dentine in vitro[J].Int Endod J,2000,33(1):28-36.
[9]Distel JW,Hatton JF,Gillespie MJ.Biofilm formation in medicated root canals[J].J Endod,2002,28(10):689-693.
[10]Wilson M.Susceptibility of oral bacterial biofilms to antimicrobial agents[J].J Med Microbiol,1996,44(2):79-87.
[11]Mah TF,O'Toole GA.Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents[J].Trends Microbiol,2001,9(1):34-39.
[12]Niba ET,Naka Y,Nagase M,et al.A genome-wide approach to identify the genes involved in biofilm formation in E.coli[J].DNA Res,2007,14(6):237-246.
[13]George S,Kishen A,Song KP.The role of environmental changes on monospecies biofilm formation on root canal wall by Enterococcus faecalis[J].J Endod,2005,31(12):867-872.
[14]Evans M,Davies JK,Sundqvist G,et al.Mechanisms involved in the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to calcium hydroxid[J].Int Endod J,2002,35(3):221-228.
[15]Wang S,Deng Z,Ye X,et al.Enterococcus faecalis attenuates osteogenesis through activation of p38 and ERK1/2 pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells[J].Int Endod J,2016,49(12):1152-1164.
[16]Spratt DA,Pratten J,Wilson M,et al.An in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants on biofilms of root canal isolates[J].Int Endod J,2001,34(4):300-307.
[17]Comes BP,Freeaz CC,Vianna ME,et al.In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis[J].Int Endod J,2001,34(6):424-428.
[18]Sundqvist G.Association between microbial species in dental root canal infections[J].Oral Microbiol Immunol,1992,7(5):257-262.
[19]Kolenbrander PE,Andersen RN,Clemans DL,et al.Potential role of functionally similar coaggregation mediators in bacterial succession[M]//Newman HN,Wilson M.Dental plaque revisited:Oral biofilms in health and disease.Cardiff,UK:Bioline,1999:171-186.
[20]Siqueira JF Jr,Rjeas IN,Souto R,et al.Actinomyces species,Streptococci,and Enterococcus faecalis in primary root canal infection[J].J Endod,2002,28(3):168-172.
[21]Siqueira JF Jr,Batista MM,Fraga RC,et al.Antibacterial effects of endodontic irrigants on black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobes and facultative bacteria[J].J Endod,1998,24(6):414-416.
[22]Niazi SA,Clarke D,Do T,et al.Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from refractory endodontic lesions are opportunistic pathogens[J].J Clin Microbiol,2010,48(11):3859-3869.
[23]Rocas IN,Siqueira JF Jr.Comparison of the in vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine used as root canal irrigants:a molecular microbiology study[J].J Endod,2011,37(2):143-150.
[24]Amano A,Kuboniwa M,Nakagawa I,et al.Prevalence of specific genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA and periodontal health status[J].J Dent Res,2000,79(9):1664-1668.
[25]Han YW,Shi W,Huang GT,et al.Interactions between periodontal bacteria and human oral epithelial cells:Fusobacterium nucleatum adheres to and invades epithelial cells[J].Infect Immun,2000,68(6):3140-3146.
[26]Metzger Z,Blasbalg J,Dotan M,et al.Enhanced attachment of Porphyromonas gingivalis to human fibroblasts mediated by Fusobacterium nucleatum[J].J Endod,2009,35(1):82-85.
[27]Chen S,Lei H,Luo Y,et al.Micro-CT analysis of chronic apical periodontitis induced by several specific pathogens[J].Int Endod J,2019,doi:10.1111/iej.13095.[Epub ahead of print].
[28]Brito LC,Sobrinho AP,Teles RP,et al.Microbiologic profile ofendodontic infections from HIV-and HIV+patients usingmultiple-displacement amplification and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization[J].Oral Dis,2012,18(6):558-567.
[29]Bagg J,Silverwood RW.Coagglutination reactions between Candida albicans and oral bacteria[J].J Med Microbiol,1986,22(2):165-169.
[30]Hagihara Y,Kaminishi H.Degradation of human dentinecollagen by an enzyme produced by the yeast Candida albicans[J].Archs oral Biol,1988,33(8):617-619.
[31]Sen BH,Safavi KE,Spangberg LS.Antifungal effects of sodiumhypochlorite and chlorhexidine in root canals[J].J Endod,1999,25(4):235-238.
[32]Sen BH,Akdeniz BG,Denizci AA.The effect of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid on Candida albicans[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod,2000,90(5):651-655.
[2]Sundqvist G,Figdor D,Persson S,et al.Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod,1998,85(1):86-93.
[3]Machado de OJC,Siqueira JF Jr,Alves GB,et al.Detection of Porphyromonas endodontalis in infected root canals by 16SrRNA gene-directed polymerase chain reaction[J].J Endod,2000,26(12):729-732.
[4]Sedgley C,Buck G,Appelbe O.Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis at multiple oral sites in endodontic patients using culture and PCR[J].J Endod,2006,32(2):104-109.
[5]Wang QQ,Zhang CF,Chu CH,et al.Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of teeth associated with apical periodontitis[J].Int J Oral Sci,2012,4(1):19-23.
[6]Sedgley CM,Lennan SL,Clewell DB.Prevalence,phenotype,and genotype of oral Enterococci[J].Oral Microbiol Immunol,2004,19(2):95-101.
[7]Haapasalo M,Orstavik D.Invitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules[J].J Dent Res,1987,66(8):1375-1379.
[8]Peters LB,Wesselink PR,Moorer WR.Penetration of bacteria in bovine root dentine in vitro[J].Int Endod J,2000,33(1):28-36.
[9]Distel JW,Hatton JF,Gillespie MJ.Biofilm formation in medicated root canals[J].J Endod,2002,28(10):689-693.
[10]Wilson M.Susceptibility of oral bacterial biofilms to antimicrobial agents[J].J Med Microbiol,1996,44(2):79-87.
[11]Mah TF,O'Toole GA.Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents[J].Trends Microbiol,2001,9(1):34-39.
[12]Niba ET,Naka Y,Nagase M,et al.A genome-wide approach to identify the genes involved in biofilm formation in E.coli[J].DNA Res,2007,14(6):237-246.
[13]George S,Kishen A,Song KP.The role of environmental changes on monospecies biofilm formation on root canal wall by Enterococcus faecalis[J].J Endod,2005,31(12):867-872.
[14]Evans M,Davies JK,Sundqvist G,et al.Mechanisms involved in the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to calcium hydroxid[J].Int Endod J,2002,35(3):221-228.
[15]Wang S,Deng Z,Ye X,et al.Enterococcus faecalis attenuates osteogenesis through activation of p38 and ERK1/2 pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells[J].Int Endod J,2016,49(12):1152-1164.
[16]Spratt DA,Pratten J,Wilson M,et al.An in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants on biofilms of root canal isolates[J].Int Endod J,2001,34(4):300-307.
[17]Comes BP,Freeaz CC,Vianna ME,et al.In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis[J].Int Endod J,2001,34(6):424-428.
[18]Sundqvist G.Association between microbial species in dental root canal infections[J].Oral Microbiol Immunol,1992,7(5):257-262.
[19]Kolenbrander PE,Andersen RN,Clemans DL,et al.Potential role of functionally similar coaggregation mediators in bacterial succession[M]//Newman HN,Wilson M.Dental plaque revisited:Oral biofilms in health and disease.Cardiff,UK:Bioline,1999:171-186.
[20]Siqueira JF Jr,Rjeas IN,Souto R,et al.Actinomyces species,Streptococci,and Enterococcus faecalis in primary root canal infection[J].J Endod,2002,28(3):168-172.
[21]Siqueira JF Jr,Batista MM,Fraga RC,et al.Antibacterial effects of endodontic irrigants on black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobes and facultative bacteria[J].J Endod,1998,24(6):414-416.
[22]Niazi SA,Clarke D,Do T,et al.Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from refractory endodontic lesions are opportunistic pathogens[J].J Clin Microbiol,2010,48(11):3859-3869.
[23]Rocas IN,Siqueira JF Jr.Comparison of the in vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine used as root canal irrigants:a molecular microbiology study[J].J Endod,2011,37(2):143-150.
[24]Amano A,Kuboniwa M,Nakagawa I,et al.Prevalence of specific genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA and periodontal health status[J].J Dent Res,2000,79(9):1664-1668.
[25]Han YW,Shi W,Huang GT,et al.Interactions between periodontal bacteria and human oral epithelial cells:Fusobacterium nucleatum adheres to and invades epithelial cells[J].Infect Immun,2000,68(6):3140-3146.
[26]Metzger Z,Blasbalg J,Dotan M,et al.Enhanced attachment of Porphyromonas gingivalis to human fibroblasts mediated by Fusobacterium nucleatum[J].J Endod,2009,35(1):82-85.
[27]Chen S,Lei H,Luo Y,et al.Micro-CT analysis of chronic apical periodontitis induced by several specific pathogens[J].Int Endod J,2019,doi:10.1111/iej.13095.[Epub ahead of print].
[28]Brito LC,Sobrinho AP,Teles RP,et al.Microbiologic profile ofendodontic infections from HIV-and HIV+patients usingmultiple-displacement amplification and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization[J].Oral Dis,2012,18(6):558-567.
[29]Bagg J,Silverwood RW.Coagglutination reactions between Candida albicans and oral bacteria[J].J Med Microbiol,1986,22(2):165-169.
[30]Hagihara Y,Kaminishi H.Degradation of human dentinecollagen by an enzyme produced by the yeast Candida albicans[J].Archs oral Biol,1988,33(8):617-619.
[31]Sen BH,Safavi KE,Spangberg LS.Antifungal effects of sodiumhypochlorite and chlorhexidine in root canals[J].J Endod,1999,25(4):235-238.
[32]Sen BH,Akdeniz BG,Denizci AA.The effect of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid on Candida albicans[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod,2000,90(5):651-655.