氮、磷添加对老龄人工草地生产性能的影响
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摘要
为探求三江源区老龄人工草地对氮、磷添加的响应,选用尿素和过磷酸钙为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,研究不同施肥量对老龄人工草地群落盖度、重要值、生物量、经济效益的影响,确定老龄人工草地适合的氮、磷添加量。结果表明:单施氮肥和氮、磷合施均可显著增加草地植物盖度、物种重要值以及草地植物量,尤其是垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)的盖度、重要值(P<0.05)增加明显,氮、磷合施效果优于单施氮肥(P<0.05)。单施氮肥时,垂穗披碱草生物量比CK分别提高了117.45%,165.77%,297.15%。氮、磷合施时垂穗披碱草生物量比CK分别提高了274.00%,380.03%,437.32%。以生物量为标准,生物量最高时,氮、磷合施最佳使用量为氮肥130 kg/hm~2,磷肥112.5 kg/hm~2;以最佳经济效益为标准,施肥水平是单施氮肥130 kg/hm~2。
The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the aging artificial pasture in Sanjiangyuan area. Urea and superphosphate were used as fertilizers and a random complete block design was adopted to investigate the effects of different fertilization rates on the coverage,important value,biomass and economic benefit of aged grass artificial grassland. The optimal nitrogen and phosphorus addition rate of aging artificial grassland was determined. The single application of nitrogen fertilizer and combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus could significantly increase the coverage of grassland,the important value of the species and the above-ground biomass of grassland,especially the coverage and important value(P<0.05) of Elymus nutans Griseb. The combined effect of nitrogen and phosphorus was better than that of single application of nitrogen(P<0.05). Compared with CK,the biomass of Elymus nutans increased by 117.45%,165.77% and 297.15% after nitrogen fertilizer was applied alone at 75 kg/hm~2,100 kg/hm~2,130 kg/hm~2 level. After nitrogen fertilizer was applied with phosphorus,the biomass of Elymus nutans increased by 274.00%,380.03% and 437.32%. The optimal amount of nitrogen and phosphorus for the highest biomass was 130 kg/hm~2 for nitrogen fertilizer and 112.5 kg/hm~2 for phosphate fertilizer. The fertilization level for the optimal economic benefit was 130 kg/hm~2 for a single application of nitrogen fertilizer.
The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the aging artificial pasture in Sanjiangyuan area. Urea and superphosphate were used as fertilizers and a random complete block design was adopted to investigate the effects of different fertilization rates on the coverage,important value,biomass and economic benefit of aged grass artificial grassland. The optimal nitrogen and phosphorus addition rate of aging artificial grassland was determined. The single application of nitrogen fertilizer and combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus could significantly increase the coverage of grassland,the important value of the species and the above-ground biomass of grassland,especially the coverage and important value(P<0.05) of Elymus nutans Griseb. The combined effect of nitrogen and phosphorus was better than that of single application of nitrogen(P<0.05). Compared with CK,the biomass of Elymus nutans increased by 117.45%,165.77% and 297.15% after nitrogen fertilizer was applied alone at 75 kg/hm~2,100 kg/hm~2,130 kg/hm~2 level. After nitrogen fertilizer was applied with phosphorus,the biomass of Elymus nutans increased by 274.00%,380.03% and 437.32%. The optimal amount of nitrogen and phosphorus for the highest biomass was 130 kg/hm~2 for nitrogen fertilizer and 112.5 kg/hm~2 for phosphate fertilizer. The fertilization level for the optimal economic benefit was 130 kg/hm~2 for a single application of nitrogen fertilizer.
引文
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[17] 张杰琦,李奇,任正炜,等.氮素添加对青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落物种丰富度及其与地上生产力关系的影响[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(10):1125-1131.
[18] 闵星星,马玉寿,李世雄,等.施肥对青海草地早熟禾人工草地种群结构的影响[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2013,43(2):18-19.
[19] 张学洲,李学森,兰吉勇,等.氮磷钾施肥量对混播草地产量,品质和经济效益的影响[J].草原与草坪,2014,34(4):56-60.
[20] DONG S K,LONG R J,HU Z Z,et al.Productivity and persistence of perennial grass mixtures under competition from annual weeds in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Weed Research,2005,45:114-120.
[21] LUO Y J,ZHOU J J,WANG H Y,et al.The relation of nutrients and plant species diversity in an alpine meadow[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2004,4(2):84-91.
[22] 林洁荣,苏水金,黄仁湘,等.施肥对亚热带红壤山地人工草地的影响[J].草业科学,1995,12(2):55-58.
[23] 张仁懿,史小明,李文金,等.氮、磷添加对亚高寒草甸地上生物量的影响[J].生态科学,2016,35(5):15-20.
[24] 郭慧慧.不同施肥对人工羊草地生产力及养分吸收影响的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[2] 董世魁.高寒地区多年生禾草混播草地群落稳定性及其调控机制研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2001.
[3] 董世魁,胡自治.人工草地群落稳定性及其调控机制研究现状[J].草原与草坪,2000(3):3-8.
[4] 胡自治.人工草地在我国21世纪草业发展和环境治理中的重要意义[J].草原与草坪,2000(1):12-15.
[5] 顾梦鹤,王涛,杜国祯.施肥对高寒地区多年生人工草地生产力及稳定性的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(6):59-63.
[6] 施建军,洪绂曾,马玉寿,等.施肥和杂草防除对三江源区人工草地群落特征的影响[J].草地学报,2011,19(5):724-728.
[7] 多吉顿珠.高寒半干旱地区人工草地建设中存在问题及对策——以西藏那曲地区为例[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(5):63-64.
[8] 马玉寿,施建军,董全民,等.人工调控措施对“黑土型”退化草地垂穗披碱草人工植被的影响[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2006,36(2):1-3.
[9] 刘文辉,刘勇,马祥,等.高寒区施肥和混播对燕麦人工草地生物碳储量影响的研究[J].草地学报,2018,26(5):1150-1158.
[10] 汪依妮,刘洪来,张明均,等.贵州岩溶山区人工草地群落特征和生产性能对不同氮磷施肥组合的响应[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(11):228-233.
[11] 唐雪娟.水氮管理对呼伦贝尔人工草地建植影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018.
[12] 孙瑞.施用有机无机复混肥对退化高寒草地群落组成及土壤肥力的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.
[13] 施建军,马玉寿,董全民,等.“黑土型”退化草地人工植被施肥试验研究[J].草业学报,2007,16(2):25-31.
[14] 周青平,金继运,德科加,等.不同施氮水平对高寒草地牧草增产效益的研究[J].土壤肥料,2005(3):29-31.
[15] 郭红玉,德科加,芦光新,等.不同肥料和施肥量对三江源区高寒草甸天然草地的影响[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2014,44(6):8-10.
[16] 党永智,李欣,权欣,等.施用有机肥对高寒草甸地上生物量及物种多样性的影响[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2015,45(6):4-6.
[17] 张杰琦,李奇,任正炜,等.氮素添加对青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落物种丰富度及其与地上生产力关系的影响[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(10):1125-1131.
[18] 闵星星,马玉寿,李世雄,等.施肥对青海草地早熟禾人工草地种群结构的影响[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2013,43(2):18-19.
[19] 张学洲,李学森,兰吉勇,等.氮磷钾施肥量对混播草地产量,品质和经济效益的影响[J].草原与草坪,2014,34(4):56-60.
[20] DONG S K,LONG R J,HU Z Z,et al.Productivity and persistence of perennial grass mixtures under competition from annual weeds in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Weed Research,2005,45:114-120.
[21] LUO Y J,ZHOU J J,WANG H Y,et al.The relation of nutrients and plant species diversity in an alpine meadow[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2004,4(2):84-91.
[22] 林洁荣,苏水金,黄仁湘,等.施肥对亚热带红壤山地人工草地的影响[J].草业科学,1995,12(2):55-58.
[23] 张仁懿,史小明,李文金,等.氮、磷添加对亚高寒草甸地上生物量的影响[J].生态科学,2016,35(5):15-20.
[24] 郭慧慧.不同施肥对人工羊草地生产力及养分吸收影响的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.