云南烟叶提取物的分子蒸馏分离及在卷烟中应用
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摘要
为深入分析云南烟叶提取物性能,以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,通过提取玉溪、昆明和曲靖地区烟叶得到云南烟叶提取物(浸膏),并利用分子蒸馏方法将其分成4级轻组分和重组分共5个组分;采用GC-MS分析各组分的主要化学成分,并使用热失重方法分析比较各组分的热行为;通过感官质量评价比较各组分的卷烟加香效果。结果表明:从化学成分来看,一级和二级轻组分含有较多的挥发性香味成分,三级轻组分含有较多的半挥发性香味成分,而四级轻组分和重组分主要为非挥发性成分;从热学行为来看,4级轻组分的主要热失重温度分别为220、250、310和400℃,相互差异明显;从感官质量来看,一级和二级轻组分能改善卷烟香气质及香气量,而其他组分对口感和烟气指标有一定影响。
In order to deeply analyze the performance of Yunnan tobacco leaf extracts, tobacco leaves from Yuxi, Kunming and Qujing were extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain Yunnan tobacco extracts. The Yunnan tobacco extracts were separated into four-class light fractions and a final heavy fraction by four-step molecular distillation. The major chemical components in the five fractions were analyzed with GC-MS, the thermal behaviors of the five fractions were compared with TG-DTG, and the flavoring effects of the five fractions were compared with sensory evaluation methods. The results showed that Yunnan tobacco extracts could be separated into fractions with different functions. On chemical components, the first and second light fractions contained a high level of volatile components, the third light fraction had more semi-volatile components, while the forth light fraction and the final heavy fraction were rich in nonvolatile components. On thermal behavior, the weight loss temperatures for the four light fractions were 220, 250, 310 and 400 ℃, respectively. For sensory quality,the first and second fractions could improve the quality and quantity of cigarette aroma, while the other fractions influenced the taste and smoke indexes.
In order to deeply analyze the performance of Yunnan tobacco leaf extracts, tobacco leaves from Yuxi, Kunming and Qujing were extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain Yunnan tobacco extracts. The Yunnan tobacco extracts were separated into four-class light fractions and a final heavy fraction by four-step molecular distillation. The major chemical components in the five fractions were analyzed with GC-MS, the thermal behaviors of the five fractions were compared with TG-DTG, and the flavoring effects of the five fractions were compared with sensory evaluation methods. The results showed that Yunnan tobacco extracts could be separated into fractions with different functions. On chemical components, the first and second light fractions contained a high level of volatile components, the third light fraction had more semi-volatile components, while the forth light fraction and the final heavy fraction were rich in nonvolatile components. On thermal behavior, the weight loss temperatures for the four light fractions were 220, 250, 310 and 400 ℃, respectively. For sensory quality,the first and second fractions could improve the quality and quantity of cigarette aroma, while the other fractions influenced the taste and smoke indexes.
引文
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[18]丁根胜,葛永辉,杨超,等.贵州烤烟糖苷类化学成分抗氧化活性及分离鉴定[J].中国烟草科学,2017,38(5):87-92.DING Gensheng,GE Yonghui,YANG Chao,et al.Antioxidant activity and active component identification of glycosides from leaves of Guizhou flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2017,38(5):87-92.
[2]Lopes M S,Savioli Lopes M,Filho R M,et al Cracking of petroleum residues by reactive molecular distillation[J].Procedia Engineering,2012,42329-334.
[3]Campos R J,Litwinenko J W,Marangoni A G.Fractionation of milk fat by short-path distillation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(3):735-745.
[4]Cao Y,Wang W F,Xu Y,et al.Enzymatic synthesis of extremely pure triacylglycerols enriched in conjugated linoleic acids[J].Molecules,2013,18(8):9704-9716.
[5]孙毅,孔宁川,谢冰.d-酒石酸-l-薄荷醇双酯的合成及烟草加香应用[J].烟草科技,2008(1):43-45.SUN Yi,KONG Ningchuan,XIE Bing.Synthesis of l-menthyl d-bitartrate and its application in cigarette[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2008(1):43-45.
[6]Martins P F,Carmona C,Martinez E L,et al.Short path evaporation for methyl chavicol enrichment from basil essential oil[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2012,87:71-78.
[7]杨莹,刘丽芬,黄星,等.迷迭香精油的分子蒸馏精制及其在卷烟中的应用[J].精细化工,2013,30(5):534-538.YANG Ying,LIU Lifen,HUANG Xing,et al.A study on the rosemary essential oil refined by molecular distillation technology and its application in cigarette[J].Fine Chemicals,2013,30(5):534-538.
[8]Tovar L P,Pinto G M F,Wolf-Maciel M R,et al.Short-path-distillation process of lemongrass essential oil:physicochemical characterization and assessment quality of the distillate and the residue products[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2011,50(13):8185-8194.
[9]杨靖,于存峰,郑峰洋,等.分子蒸馏在云烟萃取物分离中的应用[J].香料香精化妆品,2009(1):10-12,16.YANG Jing,YU Cunfeng,ZHENG Fengyang,et al.The application of molecular distillation on the separation of flavor components from Yunnan tobacco extract[J].Flavour Fragrance Cosmetics,2009(1):10-12,16.
[10]毛多斌,许志杰,杨靖,等.分子蒸馏分离云烟净油香味物质及其GC-MS分析[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2007,22(2/3):37-42.MAO Duobin,XU Zhijie,YANG Jing,et al.Separation flavor components from Yunnan tobacco extraction by molecular distillation and GC-MS analysis[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(Natural Science),2007,22(2/3):37-42.
[11]熊国玺,朱巍,喻世涛,等.超临界CO2萃取与分子蒸馏联用技术在烟草香味成分提取中的应用[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(7):1690-1693.XIONG Guoxi,ZHU Wei,YU Shitao,et al.Application of extracting the aroma constituents in tobacco with supercritical CO2fluid extraction and molecular distillation technology[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2010,49(7):1690-1693.
[12]王萍,杨俊鹏,王娜,等.分子蒸馏处理香料烟浸膏制备烟用香料[J].香料香精化妆品,2010(6):31-34.WANG Ping,YANG Junpeng,WANG Na,et al.Tobacco flavor prepared by molecular distillation from oriental tobacco extract[J].Flavour Fragrance Cosmetics,2010(6):31-34.
[13]伍锦鸣,卓浩廉,赵瑞峰,等.2种方法制备的伊兹密尔香料烟致香组分成分分析及应用[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(10):49-52.WU Jinming,ZHUO Haolian,ZHAO Ruifeng,et al.Comparative study on aromatic compositions of Izmir oriental tobacco by two methods and application of volatile components in cigarette flavoring[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2012,41(10):49-52.
[14]危彬,丁朦朦,邹鹏,等.分子蒸馏技术用于烟叶碎片超临界流体萃取物的精细分离[J].分析仪器,2016(2):49-57.WEI Bin,DING Mengmeng,ZOU Peng,et al.Application of molecular distillation on separation of flavor components from tobacco extract[J].Analytical Instrumentation,2016(2):49-57.
[15]杨艳芹,袁凯龙,夏琛,等.分子蒸馏分离废次烟末致香成分及在烟草中的应用[J].应用化学,2015,32(12):1448-1454.YANG Yanqin,YUAN Kailong,XIA Chen,et al.Separation of aroma constituents from discarded tobacco by molecular distillation and its application in tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry,2015,32(12):1448-1454.
[16]崔秀明,云亮.湖南烤烟和津巴布韦烤烟净油的制备及应用比较[J].化工时刊,2017(10):20-24.CUI Xiuming,YUN Liang.Preparation and application of flue-cured tobacco essential oil in Hunan and Zimbabwe[J].Chemical Industry Times,2017(10):20-24.
[17]邬帅帆,刘百战,余苓,等.闭环回路气提法的烟叶香气成分特征判别研究[J].计算机与应用化学,2015,32(4):496-502.WU Shuaifan,LIU Baizhan,YU Ling,et al.Discriminant analysis of aroma components of tobacco based on closed-loop stripping analysis[J].Computers and Applied Chemistry,2015,32(4):496-502.
[18]丁根胜,葛永辉,杨超,等.贵州烤烟糖苷类化学成分抗氧化活性及分离鉴定[J].中国烟草科学,2017,38(5):87-92.DING Gensheng,GE Yonghui,YANG Chao,et al.Antioxidant activity and active component identification of glycosides from leaves of Guizhou flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2017,38(5):87-92.