金针菇优良杂交菌株选育研究
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摘要
以金针菇颜色控制位点纯合白色品种和杂合黄色品种为亲本,选择强生长势单核菌株单-单杂交,利用双重荧光染色法鉴定单核菌株和杂交菌株真实性。从真实性杂交菌株中筛选生理生化特性差异较大及农艺性状优良杂交菌株。结果表明,多数杂交菌株同工酶谱带与亲本不同,少数与亲本相同但迁移率不同。杂交菌株与亲本相似系数在0.80以下时,生育期或产量更易表现超亲遗传。杂交菌株子实体颜色分为白色和浅黄色两类,其中白色杂交菌株产量表现超双亲遗传较多。筛选出商品性状优良且早熟6 d、增产4.7%白色杂交菌株HB17;商品性状良好且增产15.1%白色杂交菌株HB47;商品性状良好且增产14.4%浅黄色杂交菌株HB13。
White cultivar of Flammulina velutipes with homozygous loci on color-controled gene and yellow cultivar with heterozygous loci were selected as parents for crossing, the monokaryotic strains with strong growth potential were selected for mon-mon hybridization, the authenticity of the monokaryotic strains and the hybrids(dikaryotic strains) were identified by double fluorescent staining.Hybrids with different physiological and biochemical characteristics and agronomic traits were screened from authentic hybrids. The results showed that the isozyme bands of most hybrids were different from their parents, and few hybrids were identical to their parents but the migration rates were different. If the similarity coefficient between the hybrids and parent strains were less 0.80, the growth period or yield of the hybrids was more likely to be transgressive inheritance. The colors of the hybrid fruiting body were divided into white and light yellow. Among them, the yield of white hybrids showed transgressive inheritance than their parents. The white hybrid strain HB17 was screened out with excellent commercial traits, the growth period was 6 d earlier and the yield was 4.7% higher. The excellent white hybrid strain HB47 was with good commercial traits and the yield was 15.1% higher. The light yellow hybrid strain HB13 was with good commercial traits and the yield was 14.4% higher.
White cultivar of Flammulina velutipes with homozygous loci on color-controled gene and yellow cultivar with heterozygous loci were selected as parents for crossing, the monokaryotic strains with strong growth potential were selected for mon-mon hybridization, the authenticity of the monokaryotic strains and the hybrids(dikaryotic strains) were identified by double fluorescent staining.Hybrids with different physiological and biochemical characteristics and agronomic traits were screened from authentic hybrids. The results showed that the isozyme bands of most hybrids were different from their parents, and few hybrids were identical to their parents but the migration rates were different. If the similarity coefficient between the hybrids and parent strains were less 0.80, the growth period or yield of the hybrids was more likely to be transgressive inheritance. The colors of the hybrid fruiting body were divided into white and light yellow. Among them, the yield of white hybrids showed transgressive inheritance than their parents. The white hybrid strain HB17 was screened out with excellent commercial traits, the growth period was 6 d earlier and the yield was 4.7% higher. The excellent white hybrid strain HB47 was with good commercial traits and the yield was 15.1% higher. The light yellow hybrid strain HB13 was with good commercial traits and the yield was 14.4% higher.
引文
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[19]张光忠.基于基因组的金针菇遗传连锁图的构建与数量性状位点(QTL)分析[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[2]赵书光.白色金针菇高产早熟品种选育[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.
[3]张根伟,谷雨泰,刘振国,等.工厂化栽培浅黄色金针菇杂交菌株选育初探[J].食用菌,2018,40(5):21-24.
[4]黄竹青,魏赤平,黄飚,等.恒生金针菇1号菌株特性及比较试验[J].食用菌,2014,36(3):22-23,58.
[5]王波,甘炳成,彭卫红,等.金针菇杂交品种--川金3号[J].食用菌,2006(6):15.
[6]王波,鲜灵,高俭.等.早熟白色金针菇优良品种川金5号选育[J].中国食用菌,2013,32(4):15-16.
[7]王波.金针菇新品种‘川金33’的选育和栽培应用[J].食药用菌,2018,26(1):38-39.
[8]刘新锐,杨志超,肖淑霞,等.高产金针菇新品种‘农金7号’[J].园艺学报,2018,45(6):1219-1220.
[9]李超,李红,刘娜,等.辽白金针菇2号菌株选育初报[J].食用菌,2018,40(2):32-35.
[10]谢宝贵,江玉姬,吴文礼.金针菇子实体颜色的遗传规律研究[J].菌物学报,2004,23(1):79-84.
[11]康振生,李振岐,商鸿生,等.植物病原真菌细胞核和隔膜的双重荧光染色技术[J].真菌学报,1993(2):174-176,180.
[12]姚方杰,于娅,方明,等.黑木耳菌种区别性鉴定的对峙培养法及其应用[J].食药用菌,2017,25(3):163-165.
[13]于娅.榆耳种质资源评价及优良品种选育的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2013.
[14]蚁瑞荣,曹晖,潘迎捷.金针菇单核出菇与子实体颜色[J].食用菌学报,2007(2):33-36,91.
[15]崔鹏,张树斌,李冬梅.等.12个白色金针菇菌株的亲缘关系分析[J].食用菌,2010.32(6):17-19.
[16]王波,甘炳成,彭卫红,等.刺芹侧耳杂交菌株农艺性状与酯酶同工酶分析[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(6):1650-1653.
[17]Kurata A,Fukuta Y,Mori M,et al.Draft genome sequence of the Basidiomycetous fungus Flammulina velutipes Tr19[J].Genome Announcements,2016,4(3):10-16.
[18]Tanesaka E,Honda R,Sasaki S,et al.Assignment of RAPDmarker probes designed from 12 linkage groups of Flammulina velutipes to CHEF-separated chromosomal DNAs[J].Mycoscience,2012,53(3):238-243..
[19]张光忠.基于基因组的金针菇遗传连锁图的构建与数量性状位点(QTL)分析[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.