呼伦湖流域地表水与地下水离子组成特征及来源分析
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摘要
通过对2017年4月连续采集的呼伦湖湖水、入湖河水、周边地下水与同年降水的主要离子进行水化学分析,结合呼伦湖流域水文地质资料,综合运用统计分析、相关性分析、Piper三角图、Gibbs图及离子比等方法分析了呼伦湖流域地表水与地下水主要离子组成特征及来源。结果表明,呼伦湖流域地表水与地下水水化学组成中优势阴离子为HCO_3~-与Cl~-,优势阳离子组成特征不同。其中,湖水与地下水主要由Na~+与Mg~(2+)组成;河水主要由Na~+、Ca~(2+)组成。湖水与河水TDS值变化范围分别为695~852 mg·L~(-1)与42~193mg·L~(-1),变化范围小,地下水TDS值变化范围为248~4610mg·L~(-1),分布差异明显。流域水体主要受碳酸盐与蒸发岩风化溶解共同作用控制,地下水TDS值变化主要受流域地质条件产生控制下的蒸发作用影响,蒸发作用强度为:呼伦湖湖水>东岸地下水>南岸地下水>西岸地下水>河水。呼伦湖流域水体中的离子的主要来源及其变化特征不受大气降水的控制,呼伦湖流域水体中NO_3~-与SO_4~(2-)的来源方式不同,研究区周围硝矿场的污染是导致部分地下水NO_3~-含量超标的主要因素,牧民存储草垛与牛粪堆的不合理方式也是造成地下水中NO_3~-污染因素之一。
The component characteristics and sources of ions in the surface water, groundwater and rain of Hulun lake basin are analyzed using the data of April in 2017 by the methods of statistics, Piper and Gibbs diagram as well as ion ratio. The results show that the dominant anions compositions in surface water and groundwater in the Hulun Basin are HCO_3~- and Cl~-, and the dominant cation compositions are different. The dominant cation of the lake water and groundwater are Na~+ and Mg~(2+). The dominant cation of the river water are Na~+, Ca~(2+). The TDS value in lake water and river water ranges from 695 to 852mg·L~(-1) and 42 to 193mg·L~(-1), respectively, the range of change is small. The TDS value of groundwater in the areas around Hulun Lake ranges from 248 to 4610mg·L~(-1), with significant differences in distribution. The water body of the watershed is mainly controlled by the combined action of carbonate and evaporite weathering and dissolution. The change of the TDS value in groundwater is mainly influenced by the evaporation, which is under the control of the geological conditions of the river basin, the evaporation intensity is: Hulun Lake>East Bank Groundwater>South Bank Groundwater>West Bank Groundwater>River. The main source of ions in the water of the Hulun Lake Basin and its changing characteristics are not controlled by atmospheric precipitation. The sources of NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-) in the water of Hulun Basin are different. The pollution of the nitrification field around the study area is the main factor causing the excessive NO_3~- content in groundwater. Herders' unreasonable storage way of grasshoppers and shard is also one of the factors causing NO_3~- pollution in groundwater.
The component characteristics and sources of ions in the surface water, groundwater and rain of Hulun lake basin are analyzed using the data of April in 2017 by the methods of statistics, Piper and Gibbs diagram as well as ion ratio. The results show that the dominant anions compositions in surface water and groundwater in the Hulun Basin are HCO_3~- and Cl~-, and the dominant cation compositions are different. The dominant cation of the lake water and groundwater are Na~+ and Mg~(2+). The dominant cation of the river water are Na~+, Ca~(2+). The TDS value in lake water and river water ranges from 695 to 852mg·L~(-1) and 42 to 193mg·L~(-1), respectively, the range of change is small. The TDS value of groundwater in the areas around Hulun Lake ranges from 248 to 4610mg·L~(-1), with significant differences in distribution. The water body of the watershed is mainly controlled by the combined action of carbonate and evaporite weathering and dissolution. The change of the TDS value in groundwater is mainly influenced by the evaporation, which is under the control of the geological conditions of the river basin, the evaporation intensity is: Hulun Lake>East Bank Groundwater>South Bank Groundwater>West Bank Groundwater>River. The main source of ions in the water of the Hulun Lake Basin and its changing characteristics are not controlled by atmospheric precipitation. The sources of NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-) in the water of Hulun Basin are different. The pollution of the nitrification field around the study area is the main factor causing the excessive NO_3~- content in groundwater. Herders' unreasonable storage way of grasshoppers and shard is also one of the factors causing NO_3~- pollution in groundwater.
引文
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李鹤,李军,刘小龙,等.2015.青藏高原湖泊小流域水体离子组成特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,36(2):430-437.
李卫平,陈阿辉,于玲红,等.2016.呼伦湖主要入湖河流克鲁伦河丰水期污染物通量(2010—2014)[J].湖泊科学,28(2):281-286.
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王吉平,杨清堂,周建民,等.1994.内蒙呼盟地区盐湖资源及其特征[J].盐湖研究,2(4):9-15.
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王鹏,尚英男,沈立成,等.2013.青藏高原淡水湖泊水化学组成特征及其演化[J].环境科学,34(3):874-881.
王晓曦,王文科,王周锋,等.2014.滦河下游河水及沿岸地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J].水文地质工程地质,41(1):25-33.
王志杰,李畅游,张生,等.2012.基于水平衡模型的呼伦湖湖泊水量变化[J].湖泊科学,24(5):667-674.
韦虹,吴锦奎,沈永平,等.2016.额尔齐斯河源区融雪期积雪与河流的水化学特征[J].环境科学,37(4):1345-1352.
吴敬禄,林琳,曾海鳌,等.2006.长江中下游湖泊水体氧同位素组成[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(3):53-56.
吴起鑫,韩贵琳,陶发祥,等.2011.西南喀斯特农村降水化学研究:以贵州普定为例[J].环境科学,32(1):26-32.
吴用,史小红,赵胜男,等.2015.内蒙古高原3大典型湖泊水化学特征及其控制因素分析[J].生态环境学报,24(7):1202-1208.
张志波.1998.呼伦湖志[M].海拉尔:内蒙古文化出版社.
赵慧颖,李成才,赵恒和,等.2007.呼伦湖湿地气候变化及其对水环境的影响[J].冰川冻土,29(5):795-801.
朱秉启,杨小平.2007.塔克拉玛干沙漠天然水体的化学特征及其成因[J].科学通报,52(13):1561-1566.
BERNER E K,BERNER R A.2012.Global environment:water,air,and geochemical cycles[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press.
DESIMONE L A,HOWES B L.1998.Nitrogen transport and transformations in a shallow aquifer receiving wastewater discharge:A mass balance approach[J].Water Resources Research,34(2):271-285.
GAO H B,RYAN M C,LI C Y,et al.2017.Understanding the role of groundwater in a remote transboundary Lake(Hulun Lake,China)[J].Water,9(6):363.
GIBBS R J.1970.Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J].Science,170(3962):1088-1090.
GREEN W J,CANFIELD D E.1984.Geochemistry of the Onyx River(Wright Valley,Antarctica)and its role in the chemical evolution of Lake Vanda[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,48(12):2457-2467.
HARDIE L A,EUGSTER H P.1970.The evolution of closed basin bines[J].Mineralogical Society of American Special Publication,3:273-290.
HOLLAND H D.1978.The chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans[M]//The chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans.New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc:1117-1118.
WEBSTER J G,BROWN K L,VINCENT W F.1994.Geochemical processes affecting meltwater chemistry and the formation of saline ponds in the Victoria Valley and Bull Pass region,Antarctica[J].Hydrobiologia,281(3):171-186.
WINTER T C.2015.Recent advances in understanding the interaction of groundwater and surface water[J].Reviews of Geophysics,33(S2):985-994.
陈静生,王飞越,夏星辉.2006.长江水质地球化学[J].地学前缘,13(1):74-85.
揣小明,杨柳燕,程书波,等.2014.太湖和呼伦湖沉积物对磷的吸附特征及影响因素[J].环境科学,35(3):951-957.
崔显义,杨杰,郝建玺,等.2015.呼伦湖的形成历史及变迁[J].内蒙古科技与经济,(1):43-47.
韩丹蕊,孙启忠.2014.呼伦贝尔草原牧草青贮饲料硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量研究[J].草地学报,22(6):1360-1364.
韩向红,杨持.2002.呼伦湖自净功能及其在区域环境保护中的作用分析[J].自然资源学报,17(6):684-690.
韩知明,贾克力,赵胜男,等.2017.呼伦湖冰封期与非冰封期营养盐与离子分布特征研究[J].生态环境学报,26(7):1201-1209.
侯昭华,徐海,安芷生.2009.青海湖流域水化学主离子特征及控制因素初探[J].地球与环境,37(1):11-19.
李鹤,李军,刘小龙,等.2015.青藏高原湖泊小流域水体离子组成特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,36(2):430-437.
李卫平,陈阿辉,于玲红,等.2016.呼伦湖主要入湖河流克鲁伦河丰水期污染物通量(2010—2014)[J].湖泊科学,28(2):281-286.
梁丽娥,李畅游,史小红,等.2016.2015年8月呼伦湖水化学特征[J].湿地科学,14(6):936-941.
陆莹,王乃昂,李贵鹏,等.2010.巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水化学空间分布特征[J].湖泊科学,22(5):774-782.
宋晓敏,季宏兵,江用彬,等.2010.丰水期红枫湖流域氮污染特征的变化规律研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,29(1):24-30.
孙瑞,张雪芹,吴艳红.藏南羊卓雍错流域水化学主离子特征及其控制因素[J].湖泊科学,24(4):600-608.
王吉平,杨清堂,周建民,等.1994.内蒙呼盟地区盐湖资源及其特征[J].盐湖研究,2(4):9-15.
王利杰,曾辰,王冠星,等.2017.西藏山南地区沉错湖泊与径流水化学特征及主控因素初探[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),40(4):737-745.
王鹏,尚英男,沈立成,等.2013.青藏高原淡水湖泊水化学组成特征及其演化[J].环境科学,34(3):874-881.
王晓曦,王文科,王周锋,等.2014.滦河下游河水及沿岸地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J].水文地质工程地质,41(1):25-33.
王志杰,李畅游,张生,等.2012.基于水平衡模型的呼伦湖湖泊水量变化[J].湖泊科学,24(5):667-674.
韦虹,吴锦奎,沈永平,等.2016.额尔齐斯河源区融雪期积雪与河流的水化学特征[J].环境科学,37(4):1345-1352.
吴敬禄,林琳,曾海鳌,等.2006.长江中下游湖泊水体氧同位素组成[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(3):53-56.
吴起鑫,韩贵琳,陶发祥,等.2011.西南喀斯特农村降水化学研究:以贵州普定为例[J].环境科学,32(1):26-32.
吴用,史小红,赵胜男,等.2015.内蒙古高原3大典型湖泊水化学特征及其控制因素分析[J].生态环境学报,24(7):1202-1208.
张志波.1998.呼伦湖志[M].海拉尔:内蒙古文化出版社.
赵慧颖,李成才,赵恒和,等.2007.呼伦湖湿地气候变化及其对水环境的影响[J].冰川冻土,29(5):795-801.
朱秉启,杨小平.2007.塔克拉玛干沙漠天然水体的化学特征及其成因[J].科学通报,52(13):1561-1566.