生态透水混凝土对路面径流污染阻滞效果
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摘要
作为典型的大孔隙铺装材料,生态透水混凝土不仅能够快速渗透路表雨水,防止积水产生,还能有效阻滞路表径流中携带的大量污染物。以目标孔隙率为20%、加入陶粒和硅藻土两种净化材料的生态透水混凝土为研究对象,以性能测试结果为评价指标,分析净化材料掺量对生态透水混凝土孔隙率、渗透系数的影响;以污染物去除率为检测指标,分析不同净化材料掺量对径流污染阻滞效果的影响并从微观层面加以解释;以污染物总量为控制指标,采用室内加速试验,模拟生态透水混凝土在8 a服役期内孔隙率、渗透系数及污染物去除率的变化规律,研究其在长期服役过程中结构孔隙的阻塞过程。研究结论表明,生态透水混凝土中陶粒的最佳掺量为10%,硅藻土的最佳掺量为20%;从物理电子显微镜和化学元素分布两个层面确认了生态透水混凝土对道路径流污染物良好的阻滞作用;随着生态透水混凝土模拟服役年限增长,其孔隙率和渗透系数均衰减,对各污染物的阻滞效果也有着对应的变化趋势。
As a typical large-gap paving material,the ecological pervious concrete can not only quickly infiltrate the surface rainwater and prevent the accumulation of water,but also effectively remove a large amount of pollutants carried in the surface runoff. The target of 20% of the porosity,adding ceramic and diatomite two kinds of purified material of the ecological water-permeable concrete was studied,using performance test results as evaluation indicators,the influence of the amount of purification materials on the porosity and permeability coefficient of ecologically permeable concrete was analyzed. Using the pollutant removal rate as a detection index to analyze the effect of different purification materials on the effect of runoff pollution retardation and explain it from the microscopic layer.Taking the total amount of pollutants as the control index,the indoor accelerated test was used to simulate the change of porosity,permeability coefficient and pollutant removal rate of ecological permeable concrete during the8-year service period. In this way,the blocking process of structural pores during long service has been studied.The research conclusion indicates that the optimum content of ceramsite is 10% while The optimum content of diatomite is 20%. From the physical electron microscope and the distribution of chemical elements,it is confirmed that the ecologically permeable concrete has a good retarding effect on the path flow pollutants. With the increase of service life of ecological permeable concrete,both porosity and permeability coefficient decrease,and the purification effect of each pollutant has a corresponding change trend.
As a typical large-gap paving material,the ecological pervious concrete can not only quickly infiltrate the surface rainwater and prevent the accumulation of water,but also effectively remove a large amount of pollutants carried in the surface runoff. The target of 20% of the porosity,adding ceramic and diatomite two kinds of purified material of the ecological water-permeable concrete was studied,using performance test results as evaluation indicators,the influence of the amount of purification materials on the porosity and permeability coefficient of ecologically permeable concrete was analyzed. Using the pollutant removal rate as a detection index to analyze the effect of different purification materials on the effect of runoff pollution retardation and explain it from the microscopic layer.Taking the total amount of pollutants as the control index,the indoor accelerated test was used to simulate the change of porosity,permeability coefficient and pollutant removal rate of ecological permeable concrete during the8-year service period. In this way,the blocking process of structural pores during long service has been studied.The research conclusion indicates that the optimum content of ceramsite is 10% while The optimum content of diatomite is 20%. From the physical electron microscope and the distribution of chemical elements,it is confirmed that the ecologically permeable concrete has a good retarding effect on the path flow pollutants. With the increase of service life of ecological permeable concrete,both porosity and permeability coefficient decrease,and the purification effect of each pollutant has a corresponding change trend.
引文
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5 李家科,杜光斐,李怀恩,等.生态滤沟对城市路面径流的净化效果[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):1-7Li Jiake,Du Guangfei,Li Huaien,et al. Purification effects of biological filter on urban road runoff[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(4):1-7
6 朱健,王平,林艳,等.不同产地硅藻土原位控制土壤镉污染差异效应与机制[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):717-725Zhu Jian,Wang Ping,Lin Yan,et al. Differential effect and mechanism of in situ immobilization of cadmium contamination in soil using diatomite produced from different areas[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(2):717-725
7 郭露,张翔凌,陈巧珍,等.人工湿地常用生物陶粒基质LDHs覆膜改性及其除磷效果研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):189-198Guo Lu,Zhang Xiangling,Chen Qiaozhen,et al. Removal of phosphorus by the modified biological ceramsite coated with different layered double hydroxides in constructed wetlands[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(9):189-198
8 Martin W D,Putman B J,Kaye N B. Using image analysis to measure the porosity distribution of a porous pavement[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2013,48:210-217
9 吴梦柯,赵金辉,林晨彤,等.透水混凝土路面净化雨水径流研究进展[J].现代化工,2017,37(10):25-28,30Wu Mengke,Zhao Jinhui,Lin Chentong,et al. Research progress on purification of rain runoff by permeable concrete pavement[J]. Modern Chemical Industry,2017,37(10):25-28,30
10 中国建筑科学研究院.普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准:GB/T 50081—2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015China Academy of Building Research. Standard for test method of mechanical properties on ordinary concrete:GB/T 50081—2002[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015
2 万炜.透水性生态混凝土的制备及抗冻性研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2006Wan Wei. Preparation of ecological concrete and study on freezing resistance[D]. Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2006
3 董雨明,韩森,郝培文.路用多孔水泥混凝土配合比设计方法研究[J].中外公路,2004,24(1):87-90Dong Yuming,Han Sen,Hao Peiwen. Study on design method of mixture ratio of road porous cement concrete[J]. Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2004,24(1):87-90
4 陈瑜.公路隧道高性能多孔水泥混凝土路面研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2007Chen Yu. Study on high-performance porous cement concrete pavement for highway tunnel[D]. Changsha:Central South University,2007
5 李家科,杜光斐,李怀恩,等.生态滤沟对城市路面径流的净化效果[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):1-7Li Jiake,Du Guangfei,Li Huaien,et al. Purification effects of biological filter on urban road runoff[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(4):1-7
6 朱健,王平,林艳,等.不同产地硅藻土原位控制土壤镉污染差异效应与机制[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):717-725Zhu Jian,Wang Ping,Lin Yan,et al. Differential effect and mechanism of in situ immobilization of cadmium contamination in soil using diatomite produced from different areas[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(2):717-725
7 郭露,张翔凌,陈巧珍,等.人工湿地常用生物陶粒基质LDHs覆膜改性及其除磷效果研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):189-198Guo Lu,Zhang Xiangling,Chen Qiaozhen,et al. Removal of phosphorus by the modified biological ceramsite coated with different layered double hydroxides in constructed wetlands[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(9):189-198
8 Martin W D,Putman B J,Kaye N B. Using image analysis to measure the porosity distribution of a porous pavement[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2013,48:210-217
9 吴梦柯,赵金辉,林晨彤,等.透水混凝土路面净化雨水径流研究进展[J].现代化工,2017,37(10):25-28,30Wu Mengke,Zhao Jinhui,Lin Chentong,et al. Research progress on purification of rain runoff by permeable concrete pavement[J]. Modern Chemical Industry,2017,37(10):25-28,30
10 中国建筑科学研究院.普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准:GB/T 50081—2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015China Academy of Building Research. Standard for test method of mechanical properties on ordinary concrete:GB/T 50081—2002[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015