基于实值处理的联合波束域双基地MIMO雷达测角算法
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摘要
该文提出一种基于实值处理的联合波束域双基地多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达测角方法。与直接采用离散傅里叶变换(DFT)空域滤波器的传统波束域方法不同,该方法的空域滤波器通过凸优化方法进行设计,能够灵活控制空域滤波器的带宽并抑制旁瓣电平。基于这种特性,设计的空域滤波器的主旁瓣比能够得到很大提高,从而提高测角性能。更重要的是,所提算法对发射和接收波束矩阵的结构进行设计,这种特殊的结构是构造实值信号模型的必要条件。最后,该文通过建立映射关系的方法对插值误差进行补偿。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。
A joint real-valued beamspace-based method for angle estimation in bistatic Multiple-Input MultipleOutput(MIMO) radar is proposed. Instead of using the traditional Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT)beamspace filter, the proposed beamspace filter is designed through convex optimization, which can flexibly control the bandwidth and limit the sidelobe level. Based on this property, the mainlobe-to-sidelobe ratio of the proposed beamspace filter can be greatly improved, which results in the improved estimation performance.More importantly, the structure of the proposed beamspace matrix can be properly designed, which is indispensable in constructing the real-valued signal model. Finally, the mapping relationship to compensate the interpolation error is established. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A joint real-valued beamspace-based method for angle estimation in bistatic Multiple-Input MultipleOutput(MIMO) radar is proposed. Instead of using the traditional Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT)beamspace filter, the proposed beamspace filter is designed through convex optimization, which can flexibly control the bandwidth and limit the sidelobe level. Based on this property, the mainlobe-to-sidelobe ratio of the proposed beamspace filter can be greatly improved, which results in the improved estimation performance.More importantly, the structure of the proposed beamspace matrix can be properly designed, which is indispensable in constructing the real-valued signal model. Finally, the mapping relationship to compensate the interpolation error is established. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
[1]XU Luzhou,LI Jian,and STOICA P.Target detection and parameter estimation for MIMO radar systems[J].IEEETransactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2008,44(3):927-939.doi:10.1109/TAES.2008.4655353.
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[3]LI Jian and STOICA P.MIMO radar with colocated antennas[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2007,24(5):106-114.doi:10.1109/MSP.2007.904812.
[4]YAN Haidong,LI Jun,and LIAO Guisheng.Multitarget identification and localization using bistatic MIMO radar systems[J].EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing,2007,2008:283483.doi:10.1155/2008/283483.
[5]DUOFANG C,BAIXIAO C,and GUODONG Q.Angle estimation using ESPRIT in MIMO radar[J].Electronics Letters,2008,44(12):770-771.doi:10.1049/el:20080276.
[6]ZHENG Z D and ZHANG J Y.Fast method for multitarget localisation in bistatic MIMO radar[J].Electronics Letters,2011,47(2):138-139.doi:10.1049/el.2010.2577.
[7]梁浩,崔琛,余剑.基于ESPRIT算法的十字型阵列MIMO雷达降维DOA估计[J].电子与信息学报,2016,38(1):80-89.doi:10.11999/JEIT150402.LIANG Hao,CUI Chen,and YU Jian.Reduced-dimensional DOA estimation based on ESPRIT algorithm in monostatic MIMO radar with cross array[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2016,38(1):80-89.doi:10.11999/JEIT150402.
[8]张正言,张剑云.双基地MIMO雷达多目标高精度跟踪算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2018,40(6):1241-1248.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2018.06.08.ZHANG Zhengyan and ZHANG Jianyun.Multi-target high precision tracking algorithm for bistatic MIMO radar[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2018,40(6):1241-1248.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2018.06.08.
[9]ZHENG Guimei,CHEN Baixiao,and YANG Minglei.Unitary ESPRIT algorithm for bistatic MIMO radar[J].Electronics Letters,2012,48(3):179-181.doi:10.1049/el.2011.3657.
[10]HAARDT M and NOSSEK J A.Unitary ESPRIT:How to obtain increased estimation accuracy with a reduced computational burden[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1995,43(5):1232-1242.doi:10.1109/78.382406.
[11]CAI Changxin,WEN Fangqing,and HUANG Dongmei.New approach to angle estimation for bistatic MIMO radar with unknown spatially colored noise[J].IEEE Access,2018,6:24249-24255.doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2829537.
[12]张秦,张林让,郑桂妹,等.任意阵列双基地MIMO雷达的半实值MUSIC目标DOD和DOA联合估计[J].系统工程与电子技术,2016,38(3):532-538.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2016.03.09.ZHANG Qin,ZHANG Linrang,ZHENG Guimei,et al.Joint DOD and DOA estimation for bistatic MIMO radar with arbitrary array using semi-real-valued MUSIC[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2016,38(3):532-538.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2016.03.09.
[13]ZOLTOWSKI M D,HAARDT M,and MATHEWS C P.Closed-form 2-D angle estimation with rectangular arrays in element space or beamspace via unitary ESPRIT[J].IEEETransactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(2):316-328.doi:10.1109/78.485927.
[14]HAARDT M,ROEMER F,and DEL GALDO G D.Higherorder SVD-based subspace estimation to improve the parameter estimation accuracy in multidimensional harmonic retrieval problems[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2008,56(7):3198-3213.doi:10.1109/TSP.2008.917929.
[15]NION D and SIDIROPOULOS N D.A PARAFAC-based technique for detection and localization of multiple targets in a MIMO radar system[C].Proceedings of 2009 IEEEInternational Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal,Taibei,China,2009:2077-2080.doi:10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4960024.
[16]XU Baoqing,ZHAO Yongbo,CHENG Zengfei,et al.Anovel unitary PARAFAC method for DOD and DOAestimation in bistatic MIMO radar[J].Signal Processing,2017,138:273-279.doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2017.03.016.
[17]杨康,文方青,黄冬梅,等.基于实值三线性分解的互耦条件下双基地MIMO雷达角度估计算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2018,40(2):314-321.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2018.02.12.YANG Kang,WEN Fangqing,HUANG Dongmei,et al.Real-value-based trilinear decomposition-based direction estimation algorithm for bistatic MIMO radar in the presence of mutual coupling[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2018,40(2):314-321.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2018.02.12.
[18]GRANT M and BOYD S.CVX:Matlab software for disciplined convex programming[EB/OL].http://cvxr.com/cvx/,2008.
[19]FORSTER P and VEZZOSI G.Application of spheroidal sequences to array processing[C].Proceedings of IEEEInternational Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal,Dallas,USA,1987:2268-2271.doi:10.1109/ICASSP.1987.1169421.
[20]HAARDT M and NOSSEK J A.Simultaneous Schur decomposition of several nonsymmetric matrices to achieve automatic pairing in multidimensional harmonic retrieval problems[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1998,46(1):161-169.doi:10.1109/78.651206.
[21]ZHANG X,XU Z,XU L,et al.Trilinear decompositionbased transmit angle and receive angle estimation for multiple-input multiple-output radar[J].IET Radar,Sonar&Navigation,2011,5(6):626-631.doi:10.1049/ietrsn.2010.0265.
[2]HAIMOVICH A M,BLUM R S,and CIMINI L J.MIMOradar with widely separated antennas[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2008,25(1):116-129.doi:10.1109/MSP.2008.4408448.
[3]LI Jian and STOICA P.MIMO radar with colocated antennas[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2007,24(5):106-114.doi:10.1109/MSP.2007.904812.
[4]YAN Haidong,LI Jun,and LIAO Guisheng.Multitarget identification and localization using bistatic MIMO radar systems[J].EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing,2007,2008:283483.doi:10.1155/2008/283483.
[5]DUOFANG C,BAIXIAO C,and GUODONG Q.Angle estimation using ESPRIT in MIMO radar[J].Electronics Letters,2008,44(12):770-771.doi:10.1049/el:20080276.
[6]ZHENG Z D and ZHANG J Y.Fast method for multitarget localisation in bistatic MIMO radar[J].Electronics Letters,2011,47(2):138-139.doi:10.1049/el.2010.2577.
[7]梁浩,崔琛,余剑.基于ESPRIT算法的十字型阵列MIMO雷达降维DOA估计[J].电子与信息学报,2016,38(1):80-89.doi:10.11999/JEIT150402.LIANG Hao,CUI Chen,and YU Jian.Reduced-dimensional DOA estimation based on ESPRIT algorithm in monostatic MIMO radar with cross array[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2016,38(1):80-89.doi:10.11999/JEIT150402.
[8]张正言,张剑云.双基地MIMO雷达多目标高精度跟踪算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2018,40(6):1241-1248.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2018.06.08.ZHANG Zhengyan and ZHANG Jianyun.Multi-target high precision tracking algorithm for bistatic MIMO radar[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2018,40(6):1241-1248.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2018.06.08.
[9]ZHENG Guimei,CHEN Baixiao,and YANG Minglei.Unitary ESPRIT algorithm for bistatic MIMO radar[J].Electronics Letters,2012,48(3):179-181.doi:10.1049/el.2011.3657.
[10]HAARDT M and NOSSEK J A.Unitary ESPRIT:How to obtain increased estimation accuracy with a reduced computational burden[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1995,43(5):1232-1242.doi:10.1109/78.382406.
[11]CAI Changxin,WEN Fangqing,and HUANG Dongmei.New approach to angle estimation for bistatic MIMO radar with unknown spatially colored noise[J].IEEE Access,2018,6:24249-24255.doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2829537.
[12]张秦,张林让,郑桂妹,等.任意阵列双基地MIMO雷达的半实值MUSIC目标DOD和DOA联合估计[J].系统工程与电子技术,2016,38(3):532-538.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2016.03.09.ZHANG Qin,ZHANG Linrang,ZHENG Guimei,et al.Joint DOD and DOA estimation for bistatic MIMO radar with arbitrary array using semi-real-valued MUSIC[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2016,38(3):532-538.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2016.03.09.
[13]ZOLTOWSKI M D,HAARDT M,and MATHEWS C P.Closed-form 2-D angle estimation with rectangular arrays in element space or beamspace via unitary ESPRIT[J].IEEETransactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(2):316-328.doi:10.1109/78.485927.
[14]HAARDT M,ROEMER F,and DEL GALDO G D.Higherorder SVD-based subspace estimation to improve the parameter estimation accuracy in multidimensional harmonic retrieval problems[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2008,56(7):3198-3213.doi:10.1109/TSP.2008.917929.
[15]NION D and SIDIROPOULOS N D.A PARAFAC-based technique for detection and localization of multiple targets in a MIMO radar system[C].Proceedings of 2009 IEEEInternational Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal,Taibei,China,2009:2077-2080.doi:10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4960024.
[16]XU Baoqing,ZHAO Yongbo,CHENG Zengfei,et al.Anovel unitary PARAFAC method for DOD and DOAestimation in bistatic MIMO radar[J].Signal Processing,2017,138:273-279.doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2017.03.016.
[17]杨康,文方青,黄冬梅,等.基于实值三线性分解的互耦条件下双基地MIMO雷达角度估计算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2018,40(2):314-321.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2018.02.12.YANG Kang,WEN Fangqing,HUANG Dongmei,et al.Real-value-based trilinear decomposition-based direction estimation algorithm for bistatic MIMO radar in the presence of mutual coupling[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2018,40(2):314-321.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2018.02.12.
[18]GRANT M and BOYD S.CVX:Matlab software for disciplined convex programming[EB/OL].http://cvxr.com/cvx/,2008.
[19]FORSTER P and VEZZOSI G.Application of spheroidal sequences to array processing[C].Proceedings of IEEEInternational Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal,Dallas,USA,1987:2268-2271.doi:10.1109/ICASSP.1987.1169421.
[20]HAARDT M and NOSSEK J A.Simultaneous Schur decomposition of several nonsymmetric matrices to achieve automatic pairing in multidimensional harmonic retrieval problems[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1998,46(1):161-169.doi:10.1109/78.651206.
[21]ZHANG X,XU Z,XU L,et al.Trilinear decompositionbased transmit angle and receive angle estimation for multiple-input multiple-output radar[J].IET Radar,Sonar&Navigation,2011,5(6):626-631.doi:10.1049/ietrsn.2010.0265.