英、汉整体维度空间量度形容词语义固化度对比研究
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摘要
在构式观和隐喻观观照下,对BNC和"语料库在线"中整体维度空间量度形容词构成的形名构式进行检索和统计发现:整体维度空间量度词表达空间概念时,最高频词义是三维义——英语高频空间义依次是三维义、二维义和一维义;汉语词表三维义使用频次位居第一,但用于表二维义和一维义的频率较散乱。整体维度空间量度形容词隐喻固化度高,由隐喻义使用频率及其隐喻化模式可见,三对词都常用于表数量义、规模义和评价义,但各有隐喻偏好。整体维度词的一维义是数量义的基础,二维义是规模义的基础,三维量度值是评价义的基础。
In light of Construction Grammar and Conceptual Metaphor Theory,based on the search of the adjective-noun constructions containing three-dimensional spatial dimensional adjectives in BNC and CnCorpus,it has been found out that when used to express spatial meanings,the three pairs of adjectives "large,small","big,little"and"大、小"are most often used to describe three dimensions,and the second most frequent usage of the two pairs of English adjectives are two-dimensional meanings and the frequency of one-dimensional meanings comes after,while three-dimensional meaning is also the most frequent usage of the Chinese pair,the frequency of their application for one-dimensional and two-dimensional meanings is scattered. The metaphorical senses of three-dimension English and Chinese spatial dimensional adjectives are very entrenched,which could be seen from their frequency of occurrence and the metaphorization patterns. The three pairs of words are frequently metaphorized to express such meanings as amount,extent and evaluation,and each of the pairs has their own preferences in expressing metaphorical senses. "Large,small"are most frequently used to express amount and extent,"big,little"amount and evaluation,"大、小"age,extent and evaluation. The one-dimensional sense seems to be the semantic basis of amount,the two-dimensional sense the semantic basis of extent,and the three-dimensional measure values seem to be the semantic basis of evaluation.
In light of Construction Grammar and Conceptual Metaphor Theory,based on the search of the adjective-noun constructions containing three-dimensional spatial dimensional adjectives in BNC and CnCorpus,it has been found out that when used to express spatial meanings,the three pairs of adjectives "large,small","big,little"and"大、小"are most often used to describe three dimensions,and the second most frequent usage of the two pairs of English adjectives are two-dimensional meanings and the frequency of one-dimensional meanings comes after,while three-dimensional meaning is also the most frequent usage of the Chinese pair,the frequency of their application for one-dimensional and two-dimensional meanings is scattered. The metaphorical senses of three-dimension English and Chinese spatial dimensional adjectives are very entrenched,which could be seen from their frequency of occurrence and the metaphorization patterns. The three pairs of words are frequently metaphorized to express such meanings as amount,extent and evaluation,and each of the pairs has their own preferences in expressing metaphorical senses. "Large,small"are most frequently used to express amount and extent,"big,little"amount and evaluation,"大、小"age,extent and evaluation. The one-dimensional sense seems to be the semantic basis of amount,the two-dimensional sense the semantic basis of extent,and the three-dimensional measure values seem to be the semantic basis of evaluation.
引文
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[2]伍莹.现代汉语维度形容词语义及其计算机识别研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2015.
[3]刘桂玲,杨忠.英、汉空间量度形容词隐喻域对比研究[J].东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(4):70-75.
[4]陈舜婷.语料库驱动的空间量度形容词对比研究:以“高”和HIGH/TALL为例[J].山东外语教学,2010(5):14-20.
[5]Lakoff G,Johnson M.Metaphors We Live by[M].Chicago:Chicago University Press,1980.
[6]任永军,李军.直线型空间维度词的认知语义分析[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2003(5):75-79.
[7]Taylor J R.Near synonyms as co-extensive categories:“High”and“tall”revisited[J].Language Sciences,2002,25(3):263-284.
[8]刘桂玲,杨忠.英、汉空间量度形容词研究[J].东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(3):104-108.
[9]Goldberg A.A Construction Approach to Argument Structure[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1995:4.
[10]张辉,范瑞萍.形名组合的意义建构:概念整合和物性结构的杂合分析模式[J].外国语,2008(4):38-49.
[11]刘沛江.“形名”修饰关系的同现与修辞:从语义范畴、语法构式到修辞行为[J].长春大学学报,2016(11):53-57.
[12]BNC语料库[DB/OL].[2018-10-15].http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/x.asp.
[13]语料库在线[DB/OL].[2018-10-15].http://www.cncorpus.org/index.aspx.
[14]卢甲文.单音节反义词的分类及运用[J].语言学论丛,1983(10):109-124.
[15]Hornby A S.牛津高阶英汉双解词典[Z].王玉章,赵翠莲,邹晓玲,等译.7版.北京:商务印书馆,2009.