钱塘江河口七堡段氯度时空变化及与水文的关系
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摘要
对10多年钱塘江河口七堡段大量的氯度、水文、地形等实测资料进行了统计、分析和比较,结果表明:在径流、潮流此消彼长的影响下,河口闸口—仓前河段咸淡水掺混最为强烈,径流大则氯度低,潮汐强则氯度高,但氯度垂向分布比较均匀,横向差异小,主槽氯度大于边滩;连续丰水年、连续枯水年,盐水入侵均较弱,径流从丰转枯的第一年,盐水入侵较强;大潮期受潮波变形和涌潮等影响,涨潮动力显著大于落潮,易发生盐水入侵;潮差是潮动力的重要指标,潮动力决定盐水入侵强度,潮差对河口的盐水入侵具有重要的指示作用。
Based on the statistics, analysis and comparison of the salinity, hydrology and terrain data in the Qibao Reach of Qiantang Estuary in more than 10 years, the results show that due to the influence of runoff and tidal currents, the most intensive mixing of salt-water and fresh water occurs in the reach from Zhakou to Cangqian. Strong runoff corresponds to lower chlorinity while higher chlorinity is accompanied by strong tides. The vertical and lateral distribution of chlorinity is relatively uniform, but the concentration in the main channel is greater than that in the marginal bank. Saltwater intrusion is weak in continuous wet years and continuous dry years, but it is strong in the first year of the runoff transition from abundant to dry. In spring tide, influenced by tidal wave deformation and tidal bores, flood tidal force is greater than ebb tidal force and saltwater intrusion is tend to occur. Tidal range is an important indicator of tidal power, which determines the strength of saltwater intrusion. Tidal range has indicative impacts on salt-water intrusion in estuaries.
Based on the statistics, analysis and comparison of the salinity, hydrology and terrain data in the Qibao Reach of Qiantang Estuary in more than 10 years, the results show that due to the influence of runoff and tidal currents, the most intensive mixing of salt-water and fresh water occurs in the reach from Zhakou to Cangqian. Strong runoff corresponds to lower chlorinity while higher chlorinity is accompanied by strong tides. The vertical and lateral distribution of chlorinity is relatively uniform, but the concentration in the main channel is greater than that in the marginal bank. Saltwater intrusion is weak in continuous wet years and continuous dry years, but it is strong in the first year of the runoff transition from abundant to dry. In spring tide, influenced by tidal wave deformation and tidal bores, flood tidal force is greater than ebb tidal force and saltwater intrusion is tend to occur. Tidal range is an important indicator of tidal power, which determines the strength of saltwater intrusion. Tidal range has indicative impacts on salt-water intrusion in estuaries.
引文
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[19]PAN C H,HUANG W R.Numerical modeling of suspended sediment transport affected by tidal bore in Qiantang Estuary[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2010,26(6):1123-1132.
[2]YE R H,SONG Z Y,ZHANG C M.et al.Analytical model for surface saltwater intrusion in estuaries[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2017,33(3):712-719.
[3]ALI A,LEMCKERT C J,DUNN R J K.Salt fluxes within a very shallow subtropical estuary[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2010,26(3),436-443.
[4]韩曾萃,程杭平,史英标,等.钱塘江河口咸水入侵长历时预测和对策[J].水利学报,2012,43(2):232-240.(HAN Zengcui,CHENG Hangping,SHI Yingbiao,et al.Long-term predictions and countermeasures of saltwater intrusion in the Qiantang Estuary[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(2):232-240.(in Chinese))
[5]沈焕庭,茅志昌,朱建荣.长江河口盐水入侵[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.
[6]SAVENIJE H H G.Salinity and tides in alluvial estuaries[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Press,2005.
[7]陈水森,方立刚,李宏丽,等.珠江口咸潮入侵分析与经验模型[J].水科学进展,2007,18(5):751-755.(CHEN Shuisen,FANG Ligang,LI Hongli,et al.Saltwater intrusion analysis and experiential model for Pearl River estuaty[J].Advances in Water Science,2007,18(5):751-755.(in Chinese))
[8]DUC N A.Salt intrusion,tides and mixing in multichannel estuaries[M].Amsterdam:Taylor&Francis Group,2008.
[9]方神光,崔丽琴.磨刀门水道枯季咸潮入侵特性及规律[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(4):14-18.(FANGShenguang,CUI Liqin.Characteristics and rules of seawater intrusion during dry season in Modaomen Waterway[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2015,35(4):14-18.(in Chinese))
[10]毛汉礼,甘子钧,沈鸿书.杭州湾潮混合的初步研究Ⅰ:上湾区[J].海洋与潮沼,1964,6(2):121-134.(MAO Hanli,GAN Zijun,SHEN Hongshu.Apreliminary study of the tidal flushing in Hangzhou BayⅠ:Upper Estuary[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1964,6(2):121-134.(in Chinese))
[11]韩曾萃,程杭平.钱塘江江水含盐度计算的研究[J].水利学报,1981,12(6):46-50.(HAN Zengcui,CHENG Hangping.Study on the salinity calculation of the Qiantang Estuary[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1981,12(6):46-50.(in Chinese))
[12]HAN Zengcui,PAN Cunhong,YU Jiong,et al.Effect of large-scale reservoir and river regulation/reclamationon saltwater intrusion in Qiantang Estuary[J].Science in China(Ser B),2001,44(Sup1):221-229.
[13]史英标,潘存鸿,程文龙,等.钱塘江河口段盐水入侵的时空变化及预测模型[J].水科学进展,2012,23(3):409-418.(SHI Yingbiao,PAN Cunhong,CHENGWenlong,et al.Temporal-spatial variation of salt water intrusion in the estuarine reach of Qiantang River and its numerical simulation[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(3):409-418.(in Chinese))
[14]潘存鸿,张舒羽,史英标,等.钱塘江河口盐水入侵影响因素及数值预报[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(6):13-19.(PAN Cunhong,ZHANG Shuyu,SHIYingbiao,et al.Factors and numerical forecast of saltwater intrusion in Qiantang River Estuary[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2015,35(6):13-19.(in Chinese))
[15]李若华,史英标,张舒羽.钱塘江河口抗咸流量预报模式及其检验[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(5):75-80.(LI Ruohua,SHI Yingbiao,ZHANG Shuyu.Prediction model of salinity-resisting discharge in Qiantang Estuary and its validation[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2016,36(5):75-80.(in Chinese))
[16]曹勇.长江口南汇东滩近岸水域淡水资源开发利用研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2005.
[17]韩曾萃,潘存鸿,史英标,等.人类活动对河口咸水入侵的影响[J].水科学进展,2002,13(3):333-339.(HAN Zengcui,PAN Cunhong,SHI Yingbiao,et al.Impact of human activities on salt water intrusion in estuaries[J].Advances in Water Science,2002,13(3):333-339.(in Chinese))
[18]PAN C H,LIN B Y,MAO X Z.Case study:numerical modeling of the tidal bore on the Qiantang River,China[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,133(2):130-138.
[19]PAN C H,HUANG W R.Numerical modeling of suspended sediment transport affected by tidal bore in Qiantang Estuary[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2010,26(6):1123-1132.