中俄城市安全空间相似性研究:以圣彼得堡和大连市为例
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摘要
基于土地利用数据、人口统计数据、交通网络数据和避难绿地数据,运用景观格局指数、多尺度分析、城市网络分析工具、邻域法等方法,在ArcGIS10.2和Fragstats (ver 4.2.1)软件平台上进行空间分析,并建立城市安全相似性模型,从景观格局视角对圣彼得堡和大连市城市安全环境的相似性进行评价,结果显示:圣彼得堡市和大连市城市景观安全相似度从高到低依次为:人口密度、土地利用、交通网络、避难绿地;相比而言,圣彼得堡在交通效率和避难绿地整体可达性两方面显示出优势,而大连则在"工业-居住-绿地"三大功能用地空间布局以及人口与交通网络中心性两个方面显示出优势。
Based on data of land use, population statistics, traffic network data and green shelter data, we used landscape pattern index, multi-scale analysis, network analysis tools and proximal area method to make spatial analysis in ArcGIS10.2 and Fragstats(ver 4.2.1) software platform. then besed on above calculation result to built similarity model of City Safety and evaluate similarity of city security environment from the perspective of St Petersburg and Dalian city landscape pattern,we found in St Petersburg city and Dalian city security environment,landscape pattern of population density is high similar,the landscape pattern of land use is middle similar,landscape pattern of traffic network is low similar,,landscape pattern of green shelter is not similar. by comparison,St Petersburg shows advantages in traffic efficiency and the accessibility of green shelter. Dalian shows its advantages in spatial distribution of three functional land use "industry-live-green space" and the centrality of population and transportation network, In the future,in construction of urban safety space,Dalian should focus on improving traffic efficiency and the accessibility of green shelter to enhance urban security.
Based on data of land use, population statistics, traffic network data and green shelter data, we used landscape pattern index, multi-scale analysis, network analysis tools and proximal area method to make spatial analysis in ArcGIS10.2 and Fragstats(ver 4.2.1) software platform. then besed on above calculation result to built similarity model of City Safety and evaluate similarity of city security environment from the perspective of St Petersburg and Dalian city landscape pattern,we found in St Petersburg city and Dalian city security environment,landscape pattern of population density is high similar,the landscape pattern of land use is middle similar,landscape pattern of traffic network is low similar,,landscape pattern of green shelter is not similar. by comparison,St Petersburg shows advantages in traffic efficiency and the accessibility of green shelter. Dalian shows its advantages in spatial distribution of three functional land use "industry-live-green space" and the centrality of population and transportation network, In the future,in construction of urban safety space,Dalian should focus on improving traffic efficiency and the accessibility of green shelter to enhance urban security.
引文
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[2]大连市政府工作网站.大连概况.http://www.dl.gov.cn/gov/.html,2017-01-20.
[3]中华人民共和国驻圣彼得堡总领事馆官网.圣彼得堡市领区概况.http://saint-petersburg.china-consulate.org/chn/lqgk/sbdbs/.Html,2016-05-06.
[4]大连市政府.2016年大连市政府工作报告.http://www.zzxu.cn/fanwen/baogao/165007.html,2016-04-28.
[5]КузнецовСВ,ЛачининскийСС.Современнаятрактовкакатегории?геоэкономическоеположениеиееверификациянапримереСанкт-Петербургскойагломерации.Балтийскийрегион,2014,1(19):103-121.
[6]韩增林,刘天宝.大连市城市空间结构形成与演进机制.人文地理,2010(3):67-71.
[7]李晓玲,修春亮,ШендрикАлександрВладимирович,ЛачининскийСтаниславСергеевич,等.圣彼得堡土地利用格局现状特征及形成机制.地理科学,2017,37(09):1382-1391.
[8]俄罗斯西北区域战略研究中心.圣彼得堡2020年经济发展规划.http://csr-nw.ru/files/publications/development_potential_of_st_petersburg.pdf.html,2011
[9]大连市规划局.《大连市城市总体规划(2009-2020)》.http://bbs.pinggu.org/a-785019.html,2016-04-03.
[10]He HS,DeZonia B,Mladenoff DJ,et al.An aggregation index to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes.Landscape Ecol,2000,15:591-601.
[11]肖笃宁,布仁仓,李秀珍.生态空间理论与景观异质性.生态学报,1997(5):3-11.
[12]闫庆武,卞正富,张萍,等.基于居民点密度的人口密度空间化.地理与地理信息科学,2011,27(5):95-98.
[13]Porta S,Latora V,Wang F H.Street centrality and densities of retail and services in Bologna,I-taly.Environ.Plan.B:Plan,2009,12(36):450-465.
[14]程林,王法辉,修春亮.基于GIS的长春市中心城区大型超市服务区分析.经济地理,2014,34(4):54-58.
[15]袁媛,任晓崧.关于上海市防灾公园规划与建设的探讨.防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(4):452-8.
[16]朱颖,王浩,昝少平,等.乌鲁木齐市防灾公园绿地建设对策.城市规划,2009,33(12):48-52.
[17]苏幼坡,刘瑞兴.城市地震避难所的规划原则与要点.灾害学,2004,19(1):87-91.
[18]冯晓星,徐国良,张慧.结合防灾的城市开敞空间规划研究--以无锡太湖新城为例.城市规划学刊,2008(6):108-12.
[19]Gis数据网.俄罗斯.shp基础数据.Open street Map Project data,available at:http://beryllium gis-lab.info.html,2016-03-10.
[20]联邦国家统计局.社会经济活动人均地区生产总值.http://petrostat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/petrostat/resources/58cc7e804f0a97d5bbddbb22524f7e0f/SPB14.pdf.html,2016-05-06.
[21]大连市统计局.大连市第六次人口普查数据.http://www.stats.dl.gov.cn/.html,2016-06-10.
[22]亚利桑那大学网站.相似性指数.https://cals.arizona.edu/classes/rnr555/lecnotes/10.html,2017-01-15.