不同氮肥运筹对晚播小麦农艺性状、产量及品质的影响
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摘要
以扬麦19号为材料,在小麦各生育时期施用不同氮肥运筹比例(基肥∶返青肥∶倒3叶肥∶旗叶肥),研究各处理施肥比例对小麦产量结构、籽粒综合品质、试验区土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明:T3(50∶15∶25∶10)和T5处理(50∶10∶30∶10),其有效穗数、穗粒数以及千粒重配置较为合理,且具有较高干物质积累量,最终实收产量较高。总氮保持一定的基础上,基肥比例为50%配合返青肥施用,同时后期增加氮肥用量,促进分蘖的基础上保证较多分蘖成穗,从而促进单位面积有效穗数的增加,提高小麦品质,同时可提高土壤有机质含量。即合理的基肥施用量加上完善的后期追肥比例是实现晚播小麦优质高产的有效途径。
Yangmai 19 was used as a material to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on wheat yield components,grain quality and soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that T3(50∶15∶25∶10) and T5(50∶10∶30∶10) treatments had reasonable allocation of effective ear,kernel number and thousand-grain weight,higher dry matter accumulation and higher final yield. On the basis of a certain amount of total nitrogen,the application amount of base fertilizer was 50% in combination with the application of re-greening fertilizer,and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased in the later stage,so the tillering was promoted to ensure more tillering and panicle formation,thereby promoting the increase of effective panicle number per unit area and improving wheat quality and soil organic matter content. In conclusion,reasonable application amount of basal fertilizer coupled with perfect ratio of topdressing fertilizer in later stage was an effective way to achieve high quality and high yield of late sowing wheat.
Yangmai 19 was used as a material to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on wheat yield components,grain quality and soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that T3(50∶15∶25∶10) and T5(50∶10∶30∶10) treatments had reasonable allocation of effective ear,kernel number and thousand-grain weight,higher dry matter accumulation and higher final yield. On the basis of a certain amount of total nitrogen,the application amount of base fertilizer was 50% in combination with the application of re-greening fertilizer,and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased in the later stage,so the tillering was promoted to ensure more tillering and panicle formation,thereby promoting the increase of effective panicle number per unit area and improving wheat quality and soil organic matter content. In conclusion,reasonable application amount of basal fertilizer coupled with perfect ratio of topdressing fertilizer in later stage was an effective way to achieve high quality and high yield of late sowing wheat.
引文
[1]潘玉良,熊圣国,郭晨成,等.晚播小麦生育特点及适宜密度研究[J].大麦与谷类科学,2011(3):25-30.
[2]张金宝,秦霞,孙佩贤,等.黄淮麦区种植密度对晚播冬小麦花后氮素代谢和利用率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(12):112-116.
[3]王龙俊,陈维新,郭文善,等.晚茬小麦高产栽培技术途径[J].江苏农业研究,1999(2):44-48.
[4]姚金保,杨学明,马鸿翔,等.拔节期追施氮肥对宁麦16产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(4):727-730.
[5]王姣爱,裴雪霞,张定一.追肥时期对不同筋型小麦产量和品质的影响[J].小麦研究,2007,28(2):14-16.
[6]李姗姗,赵广才,常旭虹,等.追氮时期对强筋小麦产量、品质及其相关生理指标的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28(3):461-465.
[7]张耀兰,曹承富,李华伟,等.氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦产量、品质及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(5):965-971.
[8]席晋飞,杨珍平,张定宇,等.肥密运筹对晋中晚播小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,32(2):112-117.
[9]李强,王朝辉,戴健,等.氮肥调控与地表覆盖对旱地冬小麦氮素吸收及残留淋失的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(7):1380-1389.
[10]曹倩,贺明荣,代兴龙,等.密度、氮肥互作对小麦产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):815-822.
[11]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[12]李筠,王龙,任立凯,等.播期、密度和氮肥运筹对冬小麦连麦1号产量与品质的调控[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):303-308.
[13]戴廷波,孙传范,荆奇,等.不同施氮水平和基追比对小麦籽粒品质形成的调控[J].作物学报,2005,31(2):248-253.
[14]陆增根,戴廷波,姜东,等.不同施氮水平和基追比对弱筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(6):75-80.
[15]朱新开,郭文善,周君良,等.氮素对不同类型专用小麦营养和加工品质调控效应[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(6):640-645.
[16]杨勇,郭文善,朱新开,等.晚播冬小麦高产吸肥特性的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,23(3):56-60.
[17]刘建华,牛俊义,闫志利,等.肥密水平对不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):656-660.
[18]雷均杰,宋敏.播种期与播种密度对小麦产量和品质影响的研究进展[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(S3):138-141.
[19]陈根祥,吴建中,朱傅祥,等.晚播小麦生育特点及适宜密度研究[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(2):74-77,85.
[2]张金宝,秦霞,孙佩贤,等.黄淮麦区种植密度对晚播冬小麦花后氮素代谢和利用率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(12):112-116.
[3]王龙俊,陈维新,郭文善,等.晚茬小麦高产栽培技术途径[J].江苏农业研究,1999(2):44-48.
[4]姚金保,杨学明,马鸿翔,等.拔节期追施氮肥对宁麦16产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(4):727-730.
[5]王姣爱,裴雪霞,张定一.追肥时期对不同筋型小麦产量和品质的影响[J].小麦研究,2007,28(2):14-16.
[6]李姗姗,赵广才,常旭虹,等.追氮时期对强筋小麦产量、品质及其相关生理指标的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28(3):461-465.
[7]张耀兰,曹承富,李华伟,等.氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦产量、品质及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(5):965-971.
[8]席晋飞,杨珍平,张定宇,等.肥密运筹对晋中晚播小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,32(2):112-117.
[9]李强,王朝辉,戴健,等.氮肥调控与地表覆盖对旱地冬小麦氮素吸收及残留淋失的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(7):1380-1389.
[10]曹倩,贺明荣,代兴龙,等.密度、氮肥互作对小麦产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):815-822.
[11]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[12]李筠,王龙,任立凯,等.播期、密度和氮肥运筹对冬小麦连麦1号产量与品质的调控[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):303-308.
[13]戴廷波,孙传范,荆奇,等.不同施氮水平和基追比对小麦籽粒品质形成的调控[J].作物学报,2005,31(2):248-253.
[14]陆增根,戴廷波,姜东,等.不同施氮水平和基追比对弱筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(6):75-80.
[15]朱新开,郭文善,周君良,等.氮素对不同类型专用小麦营养和加工品质调控效应[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(6):640-645.
[16]杨勇,郭文善,朱新开,等.晚播冬小麦高产吸肥特性的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,23(3):56-60.
[17]刘建华,牛俊义,闫志利,等.肥密水平对不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):656-660.
[18]雷均杰,宋敏.播种期与播种密度对小麦产量和品质影响的研究进展[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(S3):138-141.
[19]陈根祥,吴建中,朱傅祥,等.晚播小麦生育特点及适宜密度研究[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(2):74-77,85.