卷心菜浆液对肉鸡肠道发育和盲肠菌群的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究卷心菜浆液对肉鸡肠道菌群的影响,为卷心菜浆液作为天然绿色饲料添加剂的安全性评估提供参考。【方法】选取健康、体质量相近的1日龄肉仔鸡150只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组鸡分别饲喂添加15和20 g/kg卷心菜浆液的基础日粮,试验期42 d。于试验42 d屠宰,采集各组鸡肠道和盲肠内容物,分析卷心菜浆液对肉仔鸡生产性能、肠道发育和肠道菌群的影响。【结果】①与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组肉仔鸡的平均日采食量、结束体质量和平均日增重均显著增加(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组肉仔鸡的十二指肠绒毛长度和回肠平滑肌厚度显著提高(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组肉仔鸡肠道菌群α多样性指数升高,试验Ⅱ组肉仔鸡α多样性指数降低,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。④门水平上,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组变形菌门菌群的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组放线菌门和软壁菌门的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。属水平上,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组粪球菌属的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),柔嫩梭菌属、Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014和双歧杆菌属的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组的拟杆菌属、Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005和Anaerofilum的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),柔嫩梭菌属、Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014和Ruminiclostridium_9的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。⑤多样品比较分析表明,对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的菌群结构存在差异。【结论】饲粮中添加20 g/kg卷心菜浆液能够显著提高肉仔鸡生产性能,促进其肠道的发育,改变盲肠的菌群结构。
【Objective】 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cabbage slurry on cecum microflora of broilers,which would provide reference for the safety assessment of cabbage slurry as a natural green feed additive.【Method】 A total of 150 one-day-old broilers with similar health and weight were selected and divided into 3 groups randomly,with 5 replicates in each group and 10 broilers in each replicate.The control group was fed with basal diet.The experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were fed with the basal diet adding 15 and 20 g/kg cabbage slurry, respectively,and the experiment period was 42 days.The intestinal and cecal contents of each group were collected on day 42 of the experiment.Then,the effects of cabbage slurry on performance,intestinal development and intestinal flora of broilers were tested.【Result】 ① Compared with the control group,the average daily feed intake,end weight and average daily gain of broilers in group Ⅱ were significantly increased(P<0.05).② Compared with the control group,the height of duodenal villi and the thickness of ileal smooth muscle in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly increased(P<0.05).③ Compared with the control group,the alpha diversity index of experiment group Ⅰ increased, while the alpha diversity index of experiment group Ⅱ decreased without significant difference(P>0.05).④ In the phyllum level,compared with the control group,the relative abundance of the Proteo-bacteria was increased significantly in the experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05).The relative abundances of actinomycetes and soft walled bacteria in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were decreased significantly(P<0.05).In the genus level of group Ⅰ,compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Coprococcus was increased significantly(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Faecalibacterium,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Bifidobacterium were decreased significantly(P<0.05).In the genus level of group Ⅱ,compared with the control group,the relative abundances of Bacteroides,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and Anaerofilum were increased significantly(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Faecalibacterium,Ruminiclostridium_9,and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 were decreased significantly(P<0.05).⑤ Comparative analysis of multiple samples showed that there were differences in microbial structure between control group,group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ.【Conclusion】 The addition of 20 g/kg cabbage slurry in the diet can significantly promote the development of intestinal tract in broilers and change the structure of the cecum microbe.
【Objective】 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cabbage slurry on cecum microflora of broilers,which would provide reference for the safety assessment of cabbage slurry as a natural green feed additive.【Method】 A total of 150 one-day-old broilers with similar health and weight were selected and divided into 3 groups randomly,with 5 replicates in each group and 10 broilers in each replicate.The control group was fed with basal diet.The experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were fed with the basal diet adding 15 and 20 g/kg cabbage slurry, respectively,and the experiment period was 42 days.The intestinal and cecal contents of each group were collected on day 42 of the experiment.Then,the effects of cabbage slurry on performance,intestinal development and intestinal flora of broilers were tested.【Result】 ① Compared with the control group,the average daily feed intake,end weight and average daily gain of broilers in group Ⅱ were significantly increased(P<0.05).② Compared with the control group,the height of duodenal villi and the thickness of ileal smooth muscle in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly increased(P<0.05).③ Compared with the control group,the alpha diversity index of experiment group Ⅰ increased, while the alpha diversity index of experiment group Ⅱ decreased without significant difference(P>0.05).④ In the phyllum level,compared with the control group,the relative abundance of the Proteo-bacteria was increased significantly in the experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05).The relative abundances of actinomycetes and soft walled bacteria in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were decreased significantly(P<0.05).In the genus level of group Ⅰ,compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Coprococcus was increased significantly(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Faecalibacterium,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Bifidobacterium were decreased significantly(P<0.05).In the genus level of group Ⅱ,compared with the control group,the relative abundances of Bacteroides,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and Anaerofilum were increased significantly(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Faecalibacterium,Ruminiclostridium_9,and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 were decreased significantly(P<0.05).⑤ Comparative analysis of multiple samples showed that there were differences in microbial structure between control group,group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ.【Conclusion】 The addition of 20 g/kg cabbage slurry in the diet can significantly promote the development of intestinal tract in broilers and change the structure of the cecum microbe.
引文
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[2] Stanley D,Hughes R J,Moore R J.Microbiota of the chicken gastrointestinal tract:influence on health,productivity and disease [J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,98(10):4301-4310.
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[7] Guo R F,Yang G F,Wang Q M.Effect of sucrose and mannitol on the accumulation of health-promoting compounds and the activity of metabolic enzymes in broccoli sprouts [J].Scientia Horticulturae,2011,128(3):159-165.
[8] 杨建平,李新锋,姬向波,等.卷心菜浆液对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和免疫器官指数的影响 [J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,35(12):94-97.Yang J P,Li X F,Ji X B,et al.Effects of cabbage slurry on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and immune organ index of broilers [J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,35(12):94-97.
[9] Chang H,Lai X R.Fabrication of natural sensitizer extracted from mixture of purple cabbage,roselle,wormwood and seaweed with high conversion efficiency for DSSC [J].J Nanosci Nanotechnol,2016,16(2):2072-2075.
[10] Seong G U,Hwang I W,Chung S K.Antioxidant capacities and polyphenolics of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.ssp.Pekinensis) leaves [J].Food Chem,2016,199:612-618.
[11] Joanna K C,Gatarek P,Chartrand M S.Is there a relationship between intestinal microbiota,dietary compounds,and obesity?[J].Trends in Food Science and Technology,2017,70:105-113.
[12] Tilg H,Moschen A R.Microbiota and diabetes:an evolving relationship [J].Gut,2014,63(9):1513-1521.
[13] Pompei A,Cordisco L,Amaretti A,et al.Folate production by bifidobacteria as a potential probiotic property [J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(1):179-185.
[14] Carmody R N,Gerber G K,Luevano J M,et al.Diet dominates host genotype in shaping the murine gut microbiota [J].Cell Host Microbe,2015,17(1):72-84.
[15] Choi J H,Kim G B,Cha C J.Spatial heterogeneity and stability of bacterial community in the gastrointestinal tracts of broiler chickens [J].Poultry Science,2014,93(8):1942-1950.
[16] 李可,罗建杰,孟昆,等.不同益生菌对肉鸡肠道菌群结构的影响 [J].动物营养学报,2015,27(11):3516-3526.Li K,Luo J J,Meng K,et al.Effects of different probiotics on the structure of intestinal microflora in broilers [J].Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(11):3516-3526.
[17] Torok V A,Robert J H,Mikkelsen J H,et al.Identification and characterization of potential performance-related gut microbiotas in broiler chickens across various feeding trials [J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2011,77(17):5868-5878.
[18] Thaddeus S S,Lora V H,Jeffrey I G.Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via paneth cells [J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2002,99(24):15451-15455.
[19] Hooper L V.Bacterial contributions to mammalian gut development [J].Trends in Microbiology,2004,12(3):129-134.
[20] Sears C L.A dynamic partnership:celebrating our gut flora [J].Anaerobe,2005,11(5):247-251.
[21] Hooper L V,Melissa H W,Anders T,et al.Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine [J].Science,2001,291(2):881-885.
[22] Biddle A,Stewart L,Blanchard J,et al.Untangling the genetic basis of fibrolytic specialization by Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in diverse gut communities [J].Diversity,2013,5(3):627-640.
[23] 姜子涛,张清峰,李荣.异硫氰酸酯的产生、化学性质及测定方法 [J].中国调味品,2005,30(4):9-14.Jiang Z T,Zhang Q F,Li R.Production,chemical properties and determination of isothiocyanates [J].China Condiment,2005,30(4):9-14.
[24] Huws S A,Kim E J,Lee M R,et al.As yet uncultured bacteria phylogenetically classified as Prevotella,Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis and unclassified Bacteroidales,Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae may play a predominant role in ruminal biohydrogenation [J].Environmental Microbiology,2011,13(6):1500-1512.
[25] 杨华,叶发银,赵国华.膳食多酚与肠道微生物相互作用研究进展 [J].食品科学,2015,36(3):223-226.Yang H,Ye F Y,Zhao G H.Research progress on interaction between dietary polyphenols and intestinal microbes [J].Food Science,2015,36(3):223-226.
[2] Stanley D,Hughes R J,Moore R J.Microbiota of the chicken gastrointestinal tract:influence on health,productivity and disease [J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,98(10):4301-4310.
[3] 俞晓琴.甘蓝营养价值及春季栽培技术 [J].上海蔬菜,2011(5):27-28.Yu X Q.Nutrient value of cabbage and cultivation technique in spring [J].Shanghai Vegetable,2011(5):27-28.
[4] 黄德娟,刘罗发,王彩霞,等.抗辐射植物抗损伤作用研究进展 [J].中国辐射卫生,2010,19(1):126-128.Huang D J,Liu L F,Wang C X,et al.Research progress on anti-radiation effects of radiation resistant plants [J].Radiation Health in China,2010,19(1):126-128.
[5] 吴园芳.紫甘蓝花色苷分离、鉴定及性质研究 [D].西安:陕西科技大学,2012.Wu Y F.Purification,identification and properties of purple cabbage anthocyanins [D].Xi’an:Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,2012.
[6] 何娜.结球甘蓝富集γ-氨基丁酸工艺研究及其超细微粉开发 [D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.He N.Study on γ-aminobutyric acid enrichment technology in cabbage and development of ultragrind powder [D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2013.
[7] Guo R F,Yang G F,Wang Q M.Effect of sucrose and mannitol on the accumulation of health-promoting compounds and the activity of metabolic enzymes in broccoli sprouts [J].Scientia Horticulturae,2011,128(3):159-165.
[8] 杨建平,李新锋,姬向波,等.卷心菜浆液对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和免疫器官指数的影响 [J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,35(12):94-97.Yang J P,Li X F,Ji X B,et al.Effects of cabbage slurry on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and immune organ index of broilers [J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,35(12):94-97.
[9] Chang H,Lai X R.Fabrication of natural sensitizer extracted from mixture of purple cabbage,roselle,wormwood and seaweed with high conversion efficiency for DSSC [J].J Nanosci Nanotechnol,2016,16(2):2072-2075.
[10] Seong G U,Hwang I W,Chung S K.Antioxidant capacities and polyphenolics of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.ssp.Pekinensis) leaves [J].Food Chem,2016,199:612-618.
[11] Joanna K C,Gatarek P,Chartrand M S.Is there a relationship between intestinal microbiota,dietary compounds,and obesity?[J].Trends in Food Science and Technology,2017,70:105-113.
[12] Tilg H,Moschen A R.Microbiota and diabetes:an evolving relationship [J].Gut,2014,63(9):1513-1521.
[13] Pompei A,Cordisco L,Amaretti A,et al.Folate production by bifidobacteria as a potential probiotic property [J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(1):179-185.
[14] Carmody R N,Gerber G K,Luevano J M,et al.Diet dominates host genotype in shaping the murine gut microbiota [J].Cell Host Microbe,2015,17(1):72-84.
[15] Choi J H,Kim G B,Cha C J.Spatial heterogeneity and stability of bacterial community in the gastrointestinal tracts of broiler chickens [J].Poultry Science,2014,93(8):1942-1950.
[16] 李可,罗建杰,孟昆,等.不同益生菌对肉鸡肠道菌群结构的影响 [J].动物营养学报,2015,27(11):3516-3526.Li K,Luo J J,Meng K,et al.Effects of different probiotics on the structure of intestinal microflora in broilers [J].Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(11):3516-3526.
[17] Torok V A,Robert J H,Mikkelsen J H,et al.Identification and characterization of potential performance-related gut microbiotas in broiler chickens across various feeding trials [J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2011,77(17):5868-5878.
[18] Thaddeus S S,Lora V H,Jeffrey I G.Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via paneth cells [J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2002,99(24):15451-15455.
[19] Hooper L V.Bacterial contributions to mammalian gut development [J].Trends in Microbiology,2004,12(3):129-134.
[20] Sears C L.A dynamic partnership:celebrating our gut flora [J].Anaerobe,2005,11(5):247-251.
[21] Hooper L V,Melissa H W,Anders T,et al.Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine [J].Science,2001,291(2):881-885.
[22] Biddle A,Stewart L,Blanchard J,et al.Untangling the genetic basis of fibrolytic specialization by Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in diverse gut communities [J].Diversity,2013,5(3):627-640.
[23] 姜子涛,张清峰,李荣.异硫氰酸酯的产生、化学性质及测定方法 [J].中国调味品,2005,30(4):9-14.Jiang Z T,Zhang Q F,Li R.Production,chemical properties and determination of isothiocyanates [J].China Condiment,2005,30(4):9-14.
[24] Huws S A,Kim E J,Lee M R,et al.As yet uncultured bacteria phylogenetically classified as Prevotella,Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis and unclassified Bacteroidales,Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae may play a predominant role in ruminal biohydrogenation [J].Environmental Microbiology,2011,13(6):1500-1512.
[25] 杨华,叶发银,赵国华.膳食多酚与肠道微生物相互作用研究进展 [J].食品科学,2015,36(3):223-226.Yang H,Ye F Y,Zhao G H.Research progress on interaction between dietary polyphenols and intestinal microbes [J].Food Science,2015,36(3):223-226.