安太堡露天矿不同复垦基质和植物中重金属含量及污染评价
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摘要
以山西省平朔安太堡露天煤矿为研究对象,对矿区4种复垦基质、7种复垦植物及原地貌农田和林地2种土壤及4种植物的重金属含量进行比较分析与评价。结果表明:不同复垦基质各重金属全量均未超出国家土壤环境质量二级标准,重金属水溶态均低于地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类水质指标,不会对矿区环境造成危害;重金属全量与水溶态呈一致趋势,即单项污染指数除Cd外,Pb、Cu、Cr和As等元素最高含量均出现在风化煤矸石,综合污染指数均为新鲜煤矸石>风化煤矸石>原地貌农田土壤>南排土场1380平台复垦土壤>南排土场1420燃烧区残留物>原地貌林地土壤;各样点Cd的全量与水溶态达显著相关水平,样点Pb、Cu、Cr和As的全量与水溶态达极显著相关水平;矿区植物中重金属Cd、Pb、Cu和As含量均未超出正常植物的含量标准,但所有植物中Cr含量均超出正常植物的含量标准,因此,矿区植物体中Cr的污染不可忽视。
Taking Pingshuo opencast mine of Shanxi province as research object,this paper had analyzed and evaluated the heavy metals contents in 4 kinds of reclaimed mediums,7 kinds of reclamation plants,2 kinds of soils and 4 kinds of plants in original landform farmland and forestland around the mining areas.The results showed that: The total contents of all the heavy metals in different reclaimed mediums were not beyond National Soil Environmental Quality Standard of Grade Ⅱ,the concentration of all the heavy mental in water soluble state were lower than Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard(water-quality indexes Ⅲ);the total contents and water soluble state of heavy mental followed the same trend: Except Cd,the contents of Pb,Cu,Cr and As were the highest in weathered coal gangue in terms of single pollution index,the comprehensive pollution index were fresh gangue >weathering gangue >original landform soil >south dump 1380 platform reclamation soil >south dump 1420 combustion zone residue>original landform timbered soil;the total contents and water soluble state of Cd were significant correlation,the total contents and water soluble state of Pb,Cu,Cr and As reached extremely significant level;the concentration of Cd,Pb,Cu and As in plants were lower than the normal plants content standard,but the concentration of Cr was beyond the normal plants content standard.Therefore,Cr pollution to plants in mining areas can not be ignored.
Taking Pingshuo opencast mine of Shanxi province as research object,this paper had analyzed and evaluated the heavy metals contents in 4 kinds of reclaimed mediums,7 kinds of reclamation plants,2 kinds of soils and 4 kinds of plants in original landform farmland and forestland around the mining areas.The results showed that: The total contents of all the heavy metals in different reclaimed mediums were not beyond National Soil Environmental Quality Standard of Grade Ⅱ,the concentration of all the heavy mental in water soluble state were lower than Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard(water-quality indexes Ⅲ);the total contents and water soluble state of heavy mental followed the same trend: Except Cd,the contents of Pb,Cu,Cr and As were the highest in weathered coal gangue in terms of single pollution index,the comprehensive pollution index were fresh gangue >weathering gangue >original landform soil >south dump 1380 platform reclamation soil >south dump 1420 combustion zone residue>original landform timbered soil;the total contents and water soluble state of Cd were significant correlation,the total contents and water soluble state of Pb,Cu,Cr and As reached extremely significant level;the concentration of Cd,Pb,Cu and As in plants were lower than the normal plants content standard,but the concentration of Cr was beyond the normal plants content standard.Therefore,Cr pollution to plants in mining areas can not be ignored.
引文
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[2]杨刚,沈飞,钟贵江,等.西南山地铅锌矿区耕地土壤和谷类产品重金属含量及健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(9):2014-2021.
[3]郭伟,赵仁鑫,张君,等.内蒙古包头铁矿区土壤重金属污染特征及其评价[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):3100-3105.
[4]魏忠义,胡振琪,司继涛.采煤沉陷地粉煤灰充填复垦土壤元素淋溶特性实验研究[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(1):13-15,18.
[5]Haigh M J,Sansom B.Soil compaction,runoff and erosion on reclaimed coal-lands(UK)[J].International Journal of SurfaceMining,Reclamation and Environment,1999,13(4):135-146.
[6]DANG Zhi,LIU Cong-qiang,Haigh M J.Mobility of heavy metals associated with the natural weathering of coal mine spoils[J].Environmental Pollution,2002,18(3):419-426.
[7]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[8]夏家淇.土壤环境质量标准详解[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996.
[9]国家环境保护总局.地表水环境质量标准[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[10]陈英旭.土壤重金属的植物污染化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:55-63.
[11]白向玉,贾红霞.煤矸石中重金属在淋滤过程中的释放规律[J].环境科技,2009,22(2):5-8.
[12]SauvéS,Mc Bride M B,Norvell W A,et al.Copper solubility and speciation of in situ contaminated soils:Effects of copperlevel,pH and organic matter[J].Water Air and Soil Pollut.,1997,100:133-149.
[13]贾红霞,肖昕,张双,等.济宁三矿煤矸石中重金属释放规律的浸泡试验研究[J].洁净煤技术,2009,15(6):97-100.
[14]党志,刘丛强,李忠.煤矸石中微量重金属元素化学活性的实验模拟研究[J].华南理工大学学报,2001,29(12):1-5.
[15]秦俊梅,白中科,李俊杰,等.矿区复垦土壤环境质量剖面变化特征研究[J].山西农业大学学报,2006,26(1):101-105.
[16]樊文华,白中科,李慧峰,等.复垦土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):348-354.
[17]董霁红,于敏,程伟,等.矿区复垦土壤种植小麦的重金属安全性[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(12):280-285.