复垦基质的理化性质及其对地肤生长的影响
|
摘要
[目的]对采矿沉陷区缺乏土壤的资源进行充填复垦的情况下,寻求来源丰富、养分含量高、成本低廉的复垦基质与适种植物。[方法]将粉煤灰与污泥(基质1)、粉煤灰与酒糟(基质2)分别以5∶1的质量比混合,粉煤灰与糠醛渣(基质3)以9∶1的质量比混合制成基质,进行地肤的基质栽培试验。[结果]在基质中镉含量超出二级标准值6~8倍的情况下,地肤中镉含量均未超出饲料卫生标准;经过半年的植物吸收和淋溶后,基质中镉含量降至二级标准值的4~6倍;地肤适合在基质中生长,株高、冠径和生物量均达到了正常土壤中的水平,且营养成分含量丰富,可用于生产优质饲料,也可用于园林绿化。[结论]地肤适宜沉陷地的大面积复垦与推广应用,为改善矿区生态环境提供了新的途径。
[Objective] To find proper matrices with rich sources,high contents of nutrients,and low cost for plants under the shortage of soil resources in mining subsidence areas. [Method] Kochia scoparia was planted in three matrices composed of fly ash + sludge( matrix 1),fly ash + lee( matrix 2),and fly ash + furfural residue( matrix 3) respectively,and the growth and utilization of K. scoparia were studied.[Result]When cadmium content in the matrices was 6- 8 times higher than the secondary standard,cadmium content in K. scoparia was not higher than the feed hygiene standard. After cadmium in the matrices was absorbed by the plant and leached for six months,cadmium content in the matrices was 4- 6 times higher than the secondary standard. K. scoparia grew normally in the matrices,and its plant height,crown diameter,and biomass were normal. Moreover,it was rich in nutrients and can be used for production of high-quality fodder and landscaping.[Conclusion]K. scoparia can be popularized and applied in the reclamation of large areas of subsidence land to provide a new way to improve ecological environment in mining areas.
[Objective] To find proper matrices with rich sources,high contents of nutrients,and low cost for plants under the shortage of soil resources in mining subsidence areas. [Method] Kochia scoparia was planted in three matrices composed of fly ash + sludge( matrix 1),fly ash + lee( matrix 2),and fly ash + furfural residue( matrix 3) respectively,and the growth and utilization of K. scoparia were studied.[Result]When cadmium content in the matrices was 6- 8 times higher than the secondary standard,cadmium content in K. scoparia was not higher than the feed hygiene standard. After cadmium in the matrices was absorbed by the plant and leached for six months,cadmium content in the matrices was 4- 6 times higher than the secondary standard. K. scoparia grew normally in the matrices,and its plant height,crown diameter,and biomass were normal. Moreover,it was rich in nutrients and can be used for production of high-quality fodder and landscaping.[Conclusion]K. scoparia can be popularized and applied in the reclamation of large areas of subsidence land to provide a new way to improve ecological environment in mining areas.
引文
[1]樊文化,李慧峰,白中科,等.黄土区大型露天煤矿煤矸石自燃对复垦土壤质量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):319-324.
[2]徐占军,侯湖平,张绍良,等.采矿活动和气候变化对煤矿区生态环境损失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):232-240.
[3]豆飞飞,李萍,朱嘉伟.永城市陈四楼煤矿土地复垦适宜性评价研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(17):192-197.
[4]刘西敏.采煤塌陷地复垦基质中镉的植物去除研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.
[5]胡振琪,赵艳玲,程玲玲.中国土地复垦目标与内涵扩展[J].中国土地科学,2004,18(3):3-8.
[6]索增山.煤矿采煤沉陷区充填复垦现状及改进措施[J].中国科技博览,2015(39):20.
[7]王晓玲,冯永军,李芬,等.沉陷废弃地新型复垦基质主要化学性质研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):42-45.
[8]刘西敏,冯永军,郑九华.采煤沉陷地新型复垦基质中Cd的植物去除效果研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):212-215.
[9]赵洪,郭传良,吴朝晖.海涂地肤规模高效栽培技术[J].华东森林经理,2010,24(4):24-26.
[10]张展羽,郭相平.微咸水灌溉对苗期玉米生长和生理性状的影响[J].灌溉排水,2009,18(1):18-22.
[11]肖玫,赵仁静.植物的矿物元素测定及其产业化发展前景[J].粮油食品科技,2006,16(1):48-49.
[12]樊瑞,冯永军,郝桂喜,等.富镉基质中紫花苜蓿的生长与利用研究[J].草业学报,2009,26(10):67-72.
[13]胡守林,王汉全,赵书珍.苜蓿营养价值分析[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):23-25.
[2]徐占军,侯湖平,张绍良,等.采矿活动和气候变化对煤矿区生态环境损失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):232-240.
[3]豆飞飞,李萍,朱嘉伟.永城市陈四楼煤矿土地复垦适宜性评价研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(17):192-197.
[4]刘西敏.采煤塌陷地复垦基质中镉的植物去除研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.
[5]胡振琪,赵艳玲,程玲玲.中国土地复垦目标与内涵扩展[J].中国土地科学,2004,18(3):3-8.
[6]索增山.煤矿采煤沉陷区充填复垦现状及改进措施[J].中国科技博览,2015(39):20.
[7]王晓玲,冯永军,李芬,等.沉陷废弃地新型复垦基质主要化学性质研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):42-45.
[8]刘西敏,冯永军,郑九华.采煤沉陷地新型复垦基质中Cd的植物去除效果研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):212-215.
[9]赵洪,郭传良,吴朝晖.海涂地肤规模高效栽培技术[J].华东森林经理,2010,24(4):24-26.
[10]张展羽,郭相平.微咸水灌溉对苗期玉米生长和生理性状的影响[J].灌溉排水,2009,18(1):18-22.
[11]肖玫,赵仁静.植物的矿物元素测定及其产业化发展前景[J].粮油食品科技,2006,16(1):48-49.
[12]樊瑞,冯永军,郝桂喜,等.富镉基质中紫花苜蓿的生长与利用研究[J].草业学报,2009,26(10):67-72.
[13]胡守林,王汉全,赵书珍.苜蓿营养价值分析[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):23-25.