粉煤灰与煤矸石配比对苜蓿植株生长及其修复效果的影响
|
摘要
为探明苜蓿对煤矸石和粉煤灰栽培基质的修复效果,采用盆栽法,研究了粉煤灰与煤矸石不同配比对紫花苜蓿生长及基质p H值和电导率(EC)的影响。结果表明:T4∶6处理(下标数字表示粉煤灰与煤矸石质量比,下同)的苜蓿地上部、根系干质量最大,分别是T2∶8、T3∶7、T5∶5处理的1.24~2.73倍、1.30~1.98倍,植株地上部吸收N、P量也明显高于T2∶8、T3∶7、T5∶5处理,分别是其他处理的1.33~3.23倍、1.16~3.66倍;粉煤比对苜蓿地上部铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)吸收量有显著影响,T3∶7、T4∶6、T5∶5处理的Cu、Cd吸收量分别是T2∶8处理的2.47~3.42倍、1.75~2.46倍;T4∶6处理基质p H值接近中性,EC值较小,盐化程度较低,植物修复效果较好。研究表明,修复效果最佳的粉煤比为4∶6。
To explore the effects of phytoremediation on gangue and coal ash resulted from coal mining and using waste,the effects of different ratios of coal ash and coal gangue mixed substrates on the growth of alfalfa( Medicago sativa) and p H,EC of substrates after planting in pot were studied. The results showed that the growth of alfalfa of T4∶ 6( subscript numbers represented the mass ratio of coal ash to gangue,the same below) treatment was the best,and the aerial part and root dry weights of plants were significantly higher than T2∶ 8,T3∶ 7,T5∶ 5 treatments,and reached 1. 24—2. 73 times and 1. 30—1. 98 times that of other treatments,respectively. Shoot nitrogen and phosphorus contents of T4∶ 6 treatment were also significantly higher than other treatments,and reached 1. 33—3. 23 times and 1. 16—3. 66 times that of other treatments,respectively. The ratio of coal ash to gangue had significant effects on the uptake of Cu and Cd by the aerial part of alfalfa,and the amount of Cu and Cd absorbed by T3∶ 7,T4∶ 6 and T5: 5 treatments were2. 47—3. 42 times and 1. 75—2. 46 times that of T2∶ 8 treatment,respectively. The p H of the T4∶ 6 treatment substrate after planting alfalfa was close to neutralization,and EC was smaller,indicating that its phytoremediation effect was better. Therefore,the substrate in the ratio of 4∶ 6 was more helpful for the growth of Medicago sativa,and it could be the optimal ratio in phytoremediation of coal gangue and coal ash.
To explore the effects of phytoremediation on gangue and coal ash resulted from coal mining and using waste,the effects of different ratios of coal ash and coal gangue mixed substrates on the growth of alfalfa( Medicago sativa) and p H,EC of substrates after planting in pot were studied. The results showed that the growth of alfalfa of T4∶ 6( subscript numbers represented the mass ratio of coal ash to gangue,the same below) treatment was the best,and the aerial part and root dry weights of plants were significantly higher than T2∶ 8,T3∶ 7,T5∶ 5 treatments,and reached 1. 24—2. 73 times and 1. 30—1. 98 times that of other treatments,respectively. Shoot nitrogen and phosphorus contents of T4∶ 6 treatment were also significantly higher than other treatments,and reached 1. 33—3. 23 times and 1. 16—3. 66 times that of other treatments,respectively. The ratio of coal ash to gangue had significant effects on the uptake of Cu and Cd by the aerial part of alfalfa,and the amount of Cu and Cd absorbed by T3∶ 7,T4∶ 6 and T5: 5 treatments were2. 47—3. 42 times and 1. 75—2. 46 times that of T2∶ 8 treatment,respectively. The p H of the T4∶ 6 treatment substrate after planting alfalfa was close to neutralization,and EC was smaller,indicating that its phytoremediation effect was better. Therefore,the substrate in the ratio of 4∶ 6 was more helpful for the growth of Medicago sativa,and it could be the optimal ratio in phytoremediation of coal gangue and coal ash.
引文
[1]王玖玲,童文彬,陈民,等.中国煤矸石堆存现状的统计分析[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2014(1):61-64.
[2]赵陟峰,王冬梅,赵廷宁.保水剂对煤矸石基质上高羊茅生长及营养吸收的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(16):5101-5108.
[3]崔楠.粉煤灰改良盐碱土壤理化性状及对植物生理性状影响研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2012:1-3.
[4]江春玉,盛下放,何琳燕,等.一株铅镉抗性菌株WS34的生物学特性及其对植物修复铅镉污染土壤的强化作用[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(10):1961-1968.
[5]胡振琪,张光灿,毕银丽,等.煤矸石山刺槐林分生产力及生态效应的研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(5):621-628.
[6]张坤英,吴永贵,付天岭,等.3种草本植物对粉煤灰堆场介质理化与生物学特性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(9):47-52.
[7]郝园园,朱宗泽,郝成元.王庄煤矿采煤沉陷区充填复垦现状及改进措施[J].中国水土保持,2012(1):60-62.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:76-79.
[9]李文,任晓旭,蔡体久.不同排矸年限煤矸石废弃地养分含量及重金属污染评价[J].林业科学,2011,47(6):162-166.
[10]韩丽萍,高从平,郭友红,等.粉煤灰改良盐碱土后对6种园林植物生长的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2013,54(5):59,66.
[11]毕银丽,胡振琪,司继涛,等.接种菌根对充填复垦土壤营养吸收的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(3):252-257.
[12]安林萍.煤矸石风化物复垦基质改良措施初探[J].山西水土保持科技,2009(1):14-16.
[13]闫宝环,李凯荣,时亚坤.铜川市三里洞煤矸石堆积地风化土壤重金属污染及植物富集特征[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(3):47-50.
[14]丁伟,黄智龙,周家喜,等.贵州水城地区煤矸石中微量元素综合利用评价[J].矿物学报,2011,31(3):502-508.
[15]刘玉荣,党志,尚爱安.煤矸石风化土壤中重金属的环境效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(1):64-66.
[16]毕银丽,吴福勇.煤矸石和粉煤灰p H与电导率动态变化规律及其相关性研究[J].环境污染与防治,2004,26(5):384-386.
[17]李婷婷.煤矸石堆场地表径流Fe、Mn、SO2-4污染特征及其对植物种苗生长的影响——以贵阳市废弃煤矿区为例[J].贵州化工,2011,36(2):50-53.
[2]赵陟峰,王冬梅,赵廷宁.保水剂对煤矸石基质上高羊茅生长及营养吸收的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(16):5101-5108.
[3]崔楠.粉煤灰改良盐碱土壤理化性状及对植物生理性状影响研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2012:1-3.
[4]江春玉,盛下放,何琳燕,等.一株铅镉抗性菌株WS34的生物学特性及其对植物修复铅镉污染土壤的强化作用[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(10):1961-1968.
[5]胡振琪,张光灿,毕银丽,等.煤矸石山刺槐林分生产力及生态效应的研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(5):621-628.
[6]张坤英,吴永贵,付天岭,等.3种草本植物对粉煤灰堆场介质理化与生物学特性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(9):47-52.
[7]郝园园,朱宗泽,郝成元.王庄煤矿采煤沉陷区充填复垦现状及改进措施[J].中国水土保持,2012(1):60-62.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:76-79.
[9]李文,任晓旭,蔡体久.不同排矸年限煤矸石废弃地养分含量及重金属污染评价[J].林业科学,2011,47(6):162-166.
[10]韩丽萍,高从平,郭友红,等.粉煤灰改良盐碱土后对6种园林植物生长的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2013,54(5):59,66.
[11]毕银丽,胡振琪,司继涛,等.接种菌根对充填复垦土壤营养吸收的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(3):252-257.
[12]安林萍.煤矸石风化物复垦基质改良措施初探[J].山西水土保持科技,2009(1):14-16.
[13]闫宝环,李凯荣,时亚坤.铜川市三里洞煤矸石堆积地风化土壤重金属污染及植物富集特征[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(3):47-50.
[14]丁伟,黄智龙,周家喜,等.贵州水城地区煤矸石中微量元素综合利用评价[J].矿物学报,2011,31(3):502-508.
[15]刘玉荣,党志,尚爱安.煤矸石风化土壤中重金属的环境效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(1):64-66.
[16]毕银丽,吴福勇.煤矸石和粉煤灰p H与电导率动态变化规律及其相关性研究[J].环境污染与防治,2004,26(5):384-386.
[17]李婷婷.煤矸石堆场地表径流Fe、Mn、SO2-4污染特征及其对植物种苗生长的影响——以贵阳市废弃煤矿区为例[J].贵州化工,2011,36(2):50-53.