添加山皮土和秸秆对铁尾矿基质性质及植物生长的影响
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摘要
铁尾矿砂作为复垦基质是实现其资源化利用的有效途径。本研究以室内盆栽法探究山皮土和秸秆对铁尾矿基质性质及紫穗槐幼苗生长的影响。处理因素为山皮土添加比例(0%、25%、50%、75%、100%)和秸秆添加比例(1%、3%、5%)。结果表明:添加山皮土能降低基质容重、全P、速效P含量,提高了田间持水量、阳离子交换量、全K和速效K含量;添加秸秆降低了基质容重,提高了田间持水量、阳离子交换量、全N、全P、速效N、速效K和TOC含量。在紫穗槐生长效果上,添加山皮土提高了紫穗槐幼苗的株高、根长、地径、冠幅和生物量;添加秸秆使紫穗槐幼苗的株高、根长、地径、冠幅和生物量呈现先增大后减小的趋势(3%>1%、5%)。综合分析表明,紫穗槐幼苗在3%秸秆+100%山皮土处理下生长情况最佳,而3%秸秆+50%山皮土处理的各个指标均与1%秸秆+0%山皮土处理差异显著(P<0.05),紫穗槐幼苗生长状况良好。因此,在实践中,在铁尾矿砂中添加3%秸秆+50%山皮土作为复垦配方可以更大限度地实现铁尾矿砂资源化利用。
The use of ferrous mill tailings as reclamation substrate is an effective way for resource utilization. Based on potted culture method,we examined the impacts of hill-skill soil and straw addition on the properties of ferrous mill tailings substrate and the growth of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. There were five addition levels of hill-skill soil( 0%,25%,50%,75%,and 100%)and three addition levels of straw( 1%,3%,and 5%). The results showed that adding hill-skill soil reduced substrate bulk density,total and available P content,and increased field moisture holding capacity,cation exchange capacity,total and available K content. Adding straw reduced substrate bulk density and improved field moisture capacity,cation exchange capacity,total organic C,total N and P,available N and K content. The incorporation of hill-skill soil into ferrous mill tailings increased plant height,root length,ground diameter,crown width and biomass of A. fruticosa seedlings,while adding straw increased first and then decreased plant height,root length,ground diameter,crown width and biomass( 3% addition > 1% and 5% addition). Comprehensive analysis indicated that A. fruticosa seedlings grew best in the treatment of 3% straw + 100% hill-skill soil. A. fruticosa seedlings grew well in the treatment of 3% straw+ 50% hill-skill soil,with each index being significantly different from that of the treatment of 1% straw + 0% hill-skill soil( P<0.05). The application of 3% straw + 50% hill-skill soil could be suitable as the formula for reclamation to realize the resource utilization of ferrous mill tailings.
The use of ferrous mill tailings as reclamation substrate is an effective way for resource utilization. Based on potted culture method,we examined the impacts of hill-skill soil and straw addition on the properties of ferrous mill tailings substrate and the growth of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. There were five addition levels of hill-skill soil( 0%,25%,50%,75%,and 100%)and three addition levels of straw( 1%,3%,and 5%). The results showed that adding hill-skill soil reduced substrate bulk density,total and available P content,and increased field moisture holding capacity,cation exchange capacity,total and available K content. Adding straw reduced substrate bulk density and improved field moisture capacity,cation exchange capacity,total organic C,total N and P,available N and K content. The incorporation of hill-skill soil into ferrous mill tailings increased plant height,root length,ground diameter,crown width and biomass of A. fruticosa seedlings,while adding straw increased first and then decreased plant height,root length,ground diameter,crown width and biomass( 3% addition > 1% and 5% addition). Comprehensive analysis indicated that A. fruticosa seedlings grew best in the treatment of 3% straw + 100% hill-skill soil. A. fruticosa seedlings grew well in the treatment of 3% straw+ 50% hill-skill soil,with each index being significantly different from that of the treatment of 1% straw + 0% hill-skill soil( P<0.05). The application of 3% straw + 50% hill-skill soil could be suitable as the formula for reclamation to realize the resource utilization of ferrous mill tailings.
引文
蔡丽君,张敬涛,刘婧琦,等.2015.玉米-大豆免耕轮作体系玉米秸秆还田量对土壤养分和大豆产量的影响.作物杂志,(5):107-110.
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范围,吴景贵,李建明,等.2017.秸秆均匀还田对东北地区黑钙土土壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响[EB/OL].[2017-12-15].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1119.P.20171208.1140.004.html
高青海,贾双双,郭远远.2016.秸秆集中深还田对设施连作土壤微生物区系和甜瓜根系生长的影响.生态学杂志,35(6):1447-1452.
葛顺峰,彭玲,任饴华,等.2014.秸秆和生物质炭对苹果园土壤容重、阳离子交换量和氮素利用的影响.中国农业科学,47(2):366-373.
洪坚平,谢英荷,孔令节,等.2000.矿山复垦区土壤微生物及其生化特性研究.生态学报,20(4):669-672.
李荃.2017.K9840自动凯氏定氮仪测定阳离子交换量.世界有色金属,(17):284-285.
林成谷.1998.土壤学.北京:农业出版社.
林惠琴.2004.依靠科技进步,实施矿山复垦.福建水土保持,16(1):40-43.
刘晚苟,李良贤,谢海容,等.2015.土壤容重对野生香根草幼苗根系形态及其生物量的影响.草业学报,24(4):214-220.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社出版.
钱凤魁,黄毅,董婷婷,等.2014.不同秸秆还田量对旱地土壤水肥和玉米生长与产量的影响.干旱地区农业研究,32(2):61-65.
邱孝煊,蔡元呈,林勇,等.2006.稻草还田对红壤性水稻土肥力的影响.中国农学通报,22(1):188-190.
束文圣,张志权,蓝崇钰.2000.中国矿业废弃地的复垦对策研究(Ⅰ).生态科学,19(2):24-29.
汪建飞,邢素芝.1998.农田土壤施用化肥的负效应及其防治对策.农业环境保护,(1):41-44.
王海娟,包玉英,牛天心,等.2014.菌剂与肥料配施对露天矿排土场苜蓿生长及土壤养分含量的影响.华北农学报,29(4):186-191.
王岩,李玉灵,石娟华,等.2012.不同植被恢复模式对铁尾矿物种多样性及土壤理化性质的影响.水土保持学报,26(3):112-117.
夏汉平,蔡锡安.2002.采矿地的生态恢复技术.应用生态学报,13(11):1471-1477.
姚槐应,何振立,黄昌勇.1999.提高氮肥利用效率的微生物量机制探讨.农业环境保护,(2):7-9.
袁娜娜.2014.室内环刀法测定土壤田间持水量.中国新技术新产品,(9):184.
张宝娟,郭耸松,李继泉,等.2015.掺土和施肥对铁尾矿基质理化性质及油松、樟子松幼苗生长的影响.林业科学,51(5):12-20.
张翠青,毕银丽,于淼,等.2010.不同丛枝菌根真菌对铁尾矿基质的改良效果.金属矿山,(8):171-174.
张宏,沈章军,阳贵德,等.2011.鸡粪改良铜尾矿对3种豆科植物生长及基质微生物量和酶活性的影响.生态学报,31(21):6522-6531.
张可可,蒋德明,余海滨,等.2017.接种菌根菌剂对科尔沁沙地4种造林幼苗生长特性的影响.生态学杂志,36(7):1791-1800.
张烨,雷晓柱,代进.2008.铁尾矿生态恢复中蚯蚓粪对植物生长的影响.安徽农业科学,36(14):5954-5956.
Bidartondo MI,Redecker D,Hijri I,et al.2002.Epiparasitic plants specialized on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Nature,419:389-392.
Costigan PA,Bradshaw AD,Gemmell RP.1981.The reclamation of acidic colliery spoil.I.Acid production potential.Journal of Applied Ecology,18:865-878.
Doran JW,Safley M,Pankhurst C,et al.1997.Defining and Assessing Soil Health and Sustainable Productivity.New York:CAB International.
Glaser B,Lehmann J,Zech W.2002.Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal:A review.Biology and Fertility of Soils,35:219-230.
Laird DA,Fleming P,Davis DD,et al.2014.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil.Geoderma,158:443-449.
Michalis O,Ioannides IM,Ehaliotis C.2013.Mycorrhizal inoculation affects arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity in watermelon roots but leads to improved colonization and plant response under water stress only.Applied Soil Ecology,63:112-119.
Saini GR.1966.Organic matter as a measure of bulk density of soil.Nature,210:1295-1296.
Suuster E,Ritz C,Roostalu H,et al.2011.Soil bulk density pedotransfer functions of the humus horizon in arable soils.Geoderma,163:74-82.
杜建云.2012.铁尾矿基质改良对植物光合生理特性及其生长的影响(硕士学位论文).保定:河北农业大学.
范围,吴景贵,李建明,等.2017.秸秆均匀还田对东北地区黑钙土土壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响[EB/OL].[2017-12-15].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1119.P.20171208.1140.004.html
高青海,贾双双,郭远远.2016.秸秆集中深还田对设施连作土壤微生物区系和甜瓜根系生长的影响.生态学杂志,35(6):1447-1452.
葛顺峰,彭玲,任饴华,等.2014.秸秆和生物质炭对苹果园土壤容重、阳离子交换量和氮素利用的影响.中国农业科学,47(2):366-373.
洪坚平,谢英荷,孔令节,等.2000.矿山复垦区土壤微生物及其生化特性研究.生态学报,20(4):669-672.
李荃.2017.K9840自动凯氏定氮仪测定阳离子交换量.世界有色金属,(17):284-285.
林成谷.1998.土壤学.北京:农业出版社.
林惠琴.2004.依靠科技进步,实施矿山复垦.福建水土保持,16(1):40-43.
刘晚苟,李良贤,谢海容,等.2015.土壤容重对野生香根草幼苗根系形态及其生物量的影响.草业学报,24(4):214-220.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社出版.
钱凤魁,黄毅,董婷婷,等.2014.不同秸秆还田量对旱地土壤水肥和玉米生长与产量的影响.干旱地区农业研究,32(2):61-65.
邱孝煊,蔡元呈,林勇,等.2006.稻草还田对红壤性水稻土肥力的影响.中国农学通报,22(1):188-190.
束文圣,张志权,蓝崇钰.2000.中国矿业废弃地的复垦对策研究(Ⅰ).生态科学,19(2):24-29.
汪建飞,邢素芝.1998.农田土壤施用化肥的负效应及其防治对策.农业环境保护,(1):41-44.
王海娟,包玉英,牛天心,等.2014.菌剂与肥料配施对露天矿排土场苜蓿生长及土壤养分含量的影响.华北农学报,29(4):186-191.
王岩,李玉灵,石娟华,等.2012.不同植被恢复模式对铁尾矿物种多样性及土壤理化性质的影响.水土保持学报,26(3):112-117.
夏汉平,蔡锡安.2002.采矿地的生态恢复技术.应用生态学报,13(11):1471-1477.
姚槐应,何振立,黄昌勇.1999.提高氮肥利用效率的微生物量机制探讨.农业环境保护,(2):7-9.
袁娜娜.2014.室内环刀法测定土壤田间持水量.中国新技术新产品,(9):184.
张宝娟,郭耸松,李继泉,等.2015.掺土和施肥对铁尾矿基质理化性质及油松、樟子松幼苗生长的影响.林业科学,51(5):12-20.
张翠青,毕银丽,于淼,等.2010.不同丛枝菌根真菌对铁尾矿基质的改良效果.金属矿山,(8):171-174.
张宏,沈章军,阳贵德,等.2011.鸡粪改良铜尾矿对3种豆科植物生长及基质微生物量和酶活性的影响.生态学报,31(21):6522-6531.
张可可,蒋德明,余海滨,等.2017.接种菌根菌剂对科尔沁沙地4种造林幼苗生长特性的影响.生态学杂志,36(7):1791-1800.
张烨,雷晓柱,代进.2008.铁尾矿生态恢复中蚯蚓粪对植物生长的影响.安徽农业科学,36(14):5954-5956.
Bidartondo MI,Redecker D,Hijri I,et al.2002.Epiparasitic plants specialized on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Nature,419:389-392.
Costigan PA,Bradshaw AD,Gemmell RP.1981.The reclamation of acidic colliery spoil.I.Acid production potential.Journal of Applied Ecology,18:865-878.
Doran JW,Safley M,Pankhurst C,et al.1997.Defining and Assessing Soil Health and Sustainable Productivity.New York:CAB International.
Glaser B,Lehmann J,Zech W.2002.Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal:A review.Biology and Fertility of Soils,35:219-230.
Laird DA,Fleming P,Davis DD,et al.2014.Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil.Geoderma,158:443-449.
Michalis O,Ioannides IM,Ehaliotis C.2013.Mycorrhizal inoculation affects arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity in watermelon roots but leads to improved colonization and plant response under water stress only.Applied Soil Ecology,63:112-119.
Saini GR.1966.Organic matter as a measure of bulk density of soil.Nature,210:1295-1296.
Suuster E,Ritz C,Roostalu H,et al.2011.Soil bulk density pedotransfer functions of the humus horizon in arable soils.Geoderma,163:74-82.