山丘地区插秧机应用瓶颈与对策分析
|
摘要
水稻仍是我国山丘地区的主要粮食作物之一,其综合生产能力对保障水稻可持续发展和粮食安全具有重要意义。但在我国山丘地区,地形崎岖不平,田块大小不均且面积较小;水稻种植仍以手工插秧为主,种植利润低;多数青中年劳动力外出务工,不懂机械技术的留守老人较多;多数水稻育秧工艺不太符合机插秧的要求;以及现有多数插秧机体积庞大,笨重,操作不灵便、故障率高和可靠性低等因素造成插秧机不能得以大力推广应用,使水稻机械化综合生产能力较低。针对这些问题,给出了建议与对策,以期为插秧机在山丘地区得到更加广泛的推广应用提供一些向导,旨在提高山丘地区的插秧生产率,降低农民插秧的劳作强度,解放生产力。
Rice is still one of the main economic crops in hilly areas of China,and its comprehensive production capacity is of great significance for ensuring sustainable development of rice and food security.However,these troubles—the rugged terrain,uneven field and its area small;rice cultivation is still mainly by hand transplanting and the profit is low;most young people go out to work and the elderly who have not mechanical technology still live there;most of the rice breeding techniques are incompatible with the requirements of machine transplanting;as well as most of rice-transplanters are bulk,cumbersome,inconvenient to operate,high failure rate and low reliability—exist in the hilly area,which impede rice-transplanters to be widely applied and result of mechanized comprehensive production capacity of rice is low.To deal with these troubles,some suggestions and countermeasures were proposed in this paper in order to provide some guidance for the rice transplanters will be more widely applied in hilly areas and aim to improve the productivity of transplanting of rice in hilly areas,reduce the labor intensity of farmers' transplanting,and liberate productivity.
Rice is still one of the main economic crops in hilly areas of China,and its comprehensive production capacity is of great significance for ensuring sustainable development of rice and food security.However,these troubles—the rugged terrain,uneven field and its area small;rice cultivation is still mainly by hand transplanting and the profit is low;most young people go out to work and the elderly who have not mechanical technology still live there;most of the rice breeding techniques are incompatible with the requirements of machine transplanting;as well as most of rice-transplanters are bulk,cumbersome,inconvenient to operate,high failure rate and low reliability—exist in the hilly area,which impede rice-transplanters to be widely applied and result of mechanized comprehensive production capacity of rice is low.To deal with these troubles,some suggestions and countermeasures were proposed in this paper in order to provide some guidance for the rice transplanters will be more widely applied in hilly areas and aim to improve the productivity of transplanting of rice in hilly areas,reduce the labor intensity of farmers' transplanting,and liberate productivity.
引文
[1] 朱德峰,陈惠哲,徐一成.我国水稻机械种植的发展前景与对策[J].农业技术与装备,2007(1):14-15.
[2] 王宗磷.浅析水稻种植技术的优化方案[J].南方农业,2018(32):44-45.
[3] 郭小锋,李祥,杜光艳,等.西南丘陵山区插秧机推广存在的问题及对策[J].农业机械,2011(7):88-89.
[4] 申承均,韩休海,于磊.国内外水稻种植机械化技术的现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2010,32(12):240-243.
[5] 孙书民.半喂入式小型收割机关键技术研究与样机研制[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013.
[6] PANDEY M P,VERULKAR S B,SHARMA D.Rice research:Past achievements,present scenario and future thrust[J].Indian journal of agricultural science,2010,80(6):447-469.
[7] 宋云生,张洪程,戴其根,等.水稻钵苗机插秧苗素质的调控[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(22):11-22.
[8] 刘毅.湖南水稻机插秧技术推广因地制宜抓培训[J].时代农机,2015(3):154.
[9] NAGASAKA Y,SAITO H,TAMAKI K,et al.An autonomous rice transplanter guided by global positioning system and inertial measurement unit[J].Journal of field robotics,2009,26(6/7):537-548.
[10] MANJUNATHA M V,REDDY B G,MASTHANA S,et al.Studies on the performance of self-propelled rice transplanter and its effect on crop yield[J].Karnataka journal of agricultural sciences,2010,22(2):385-387.
[11] 李小勇.水稻插秧机关键技术探讨[J].南方农机,2015,46(9):16-17.
[12] MAMUN M A A,RANA M M,MRIDHA A J,et al.Determination of seedling age for rice transplanter[J].Scientific journal of crop science,2013,2(8):116-124.
[13] NARENDRA KUMAR J,BALA VENKATESH K,MITHUN S,et al.Design and fabrication of rice transplanter adopting system of rice intensification (SRI) technique[J].Applied mechanics & materials,2015,813/814:983-986.
[14] 罗琼,王昆,许靖波,等.我国水稻机械化插秧技术研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(18):6073-6075.
[15] 谢舒,蓝峰,黎子明,等.水稻插秧机的国内外现状及发展趋势[J].南方农机,2009(6):38-40.
[16] 陶冶,温兆麟.水稻插秧机的研究与发展[J].农机化研究,1999(3):6-9.
[17] 秦龙杰,白玉成.浅析我国水稻插秧机现状和发展前景[J].农业机械,2005(2):42-43.
[18] 路阳.插秧机的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2009,31(7):250-252.
[19] 李春元.对水稻插秧机主要项目测定与数据处理的探讨[J].广西农业机械化,2010(6):9-11,13.
[20] 姜富,宋殿山.分插机构在我国现有插秧机上的应用[J].农机化研究,1996(4):41-44.
[21] 颜华,高希文,赵亮,等.水稻插秧机分插机构的发展现状[J].农业机械,2007(7):35-36.
[22] 雷兴谊.水稻工厂化育秧技术应用探讨[J].广西农业机械化,2011(3):13-15.
[23] 张瑞林,陈巧敏,袁钊和,等.我国水稻工厂化育秧联合播种机的研制与推广[J].中国农机化,1998(5):10-11.
[24] 莫洪武,万荣泽.计算机视觉在水稻大面积制种中的应用研究[J].农机化研究,2019,41(3):240-243.
[25] 郑银河,胡光忠,程鹏飞,等.近代插秧机研究现状及其发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2015(5):254-259.
[2] 王宗磷.浅析水稻种植技术的优化方案[J].南方农业,2018(32):44-45.
[3] 郭小锋,李祥,杜光艳,等.西南丘陵山区插秧机推广存在的问题及对策[J].农业机械,2011(7):88-89.
[4] 申承均,韩休海,于磊.国内外水稻种植机械化技术的现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2010,32(12):240-243.
[5] 孙书民.半喂入式小型收割机关键技术研究与样机研制[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013.
[6] PANDEY M P,VERULKAR S B,SHARMA D.Rice research:Past achievements,present scenario and future thrust[J].Indian journal of agricultural science,2010,80(6):447-469.
[7] 宋云生,张洪程,戴其根,等.水稻钵苗机插秧苗素质的调控[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(22):11-22.
[8] 刘毅.湖南水稻机插秧技术推广因地制宜抓培训[J].时代农机,2015(3):154.
[9] NAGASAKA Y,SAITO H,TAMAKI K,et al.An autonomous rice transplanter guided by global positioning system and inertial measurement unit[J].Journal of field robotics,2009,26(6/7):537-548.
[10] MANJUNATHA M V,REDDY B G,MASTHANA S,et al.Studies on the performance of self-propelled rice transplanter and its effect on crop yield[J].Karnataka journal of agricultural sciences,2010,22(2):385-387.
[11] 李小勇.水稻插秧机关键技术探讨[J].南方农机,2015,46(9):16-17.
[12] MAMUN M A A,RANA M M,MRIDHA A J,et al.Determination of seedling age for rice transplanter[J].Scientific journal of crop science,2013,2(8):116-124.
[13] NARENDRA KUMAR J,BALA VENKATESH K,MITHUN S,et al.Design and fabrication of rice transplanter adopting system of rice intensification (SRI) technique[J].Applied mechanics & materials,2015,813/814:983-986.
[14] 罗琼,王昆,许靖波,等.我国水稻机械化插秧技术研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(18):6073-6075.
[15] 谢舒,蓝峰,黎子明,等.水稻插秧机的国内外现状及发展趋势[J].南方农机,2009(6):38-40.
[16] 陶冶,温兆麟.水稻插秧机的研究与发展[J].农机化研究,1999(3):6-9.
[17] 秦龙杰,白玉成.浅析我国水稻插秧机现状和发展前景[J].农业机械,2005(2):42-43.
[18] 路阳.插秧机的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2009,31(7):250-252.
[19] 李春元.对水稻插秧机主要项目测定与数据处理的探讨[J].广西农业机械化,2010(6):9-11,13.
[20] 姜富,宋殿山.分插机构在我国现有插秧机上的应用[J].农机化研究,1996(4):41-44.
[21] 颜华,高希文,赵亮,等.水稻插秧机分插机构的发展现状[J].农业机械,2007(7):35-36.
[22] 雷兴谊.水稻工厂化育秧技术应用探讨[J].广西农业机械化,2011(3):13-15.
[23] 张瑞林,陈巧敏,袁钊和,等.我国水稻工厂化育秧联合播种机的研制与推广[J].中国农机化,1998(5):10-11.
[24] 莫洪武,万荣泽.计算机视觉在水稻大面积制种中的应用研究[J].农机化研究,2019,41(3):240-243.
[25] 郑银河,胡光忠,程鹏飞,等.近代插秧机研究现状及其发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2015(5):254-259.