玉米田草地贪夜蛾幼虫的空间分布型与抽样技术
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摘要
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是一种世界性的重大农业害虫,已于2019年1月侵入中国云南省西部地区,对当地主要经济作物鲜食玉米的生产构成了严重威胁。我们调查了入侵成虫后代幼虫在鲜食玉米田的种群密度和为害情况,分析了幼虫种群的空间分布格局。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾幼虫在玉米田呈聚集分布,聚集度随密度的增加而升高,环境是导致聚集分布的主要因素。基于空间分布型的分析结果,进一步研究提出了幼虫密度的理论抽样模型和基于幼虫密度防治指标的序贯抽样技术。本研究明确了草地贪夜蛾幼虫在玉米田的空间分布特征和抽样方法,为通过调查田间种群密度指导幼虫防治工作提供了技术支撑。
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith), is a major agricultural pest worldwide. It invaded the western part of Yunnan Province in January 2019 and poses a serious threat to the production of fresh-eating maize, the main cash crop in Yunnan Province. We investigated the larval population density from invasive adults and its damage in fresh-eating maize fields, and analyzed the spatial distribution pattern of larval populations. The results showed that the larvae exhibited a pattern of aggregation distribution in the maize field, and the aggregation degree increased with increasing larval density. The environment was the main factor leading to the aggregation distribution. Based on the results of spatial distribution analysis, a theoretical sampling model of larval density and a sequential sampling technique in connection with larval control threshold were proposed, which provided a technical support for guiding larval control by investigating population density in the field.
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith), is a major agricultural pest worldwide. It invaded the western part of Yunnan Province in January 2019 and poses a serious threat to the production of fresh-eating maize, the main cash crop in Yunnan Province. We investigated the larval population density from invasive adults and its damage in fresh-eating maize fields, and analyzed the spatial distribution pattern of larval populations. The results showed that the larvae exhibited a pattern of aggregation distribution in the maize field, and the aggregation degree increased with increasing larval density. The environment was the main factor leading to the aggregation distribution. Based on the results of spatial distribution analysis, a theoretical sampling model of larval density and a sequential sampling technique in connection with larval control threshold were proposed, which provided a technical support for guiding larval control by investigating population density in the field.
引文
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[2]SPARKS A N.A review of the biology of the fall armyworm[J].The Florida Entomologist,1979,62(2):82-86.
[3]PASHLEY D P.Host-associated genetic differentiation in fall armyworm(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae):a sibling species complex?[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1986,79:898-904.
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[7]JOHNSOM S J.Migration and life history strategy of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda in the Western Hemisphere[J].Insect Science and its Application,1987,8:543-549.
[8]CLARK P L,MOLINA-OCHOA J,MARTINELLI S,et al.Population variation of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda,in the Western Hemisphere[J/OL].Journal of Insect Science,2007,7(5):http:∥www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1673/031.007.0501.
[9]MURU'A G,MOLINA-OCHOA J,COVIELLA C.Population dynamics of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)and its parasitoids in northwestern Argentina[J].Florida Entomologist,2006,89(2):175-182.
[10]ABRAHAMS P,BATEMAN M,BEALE T,et al.Fall armyworm:Impacts and implications for Africa.Evidence note(2),September 2017[R].UK:CABI,2017.
[11]WESTBROOK J K,NAGOSHI R N,MEAGHER R L,et al.Modeling seasonal migration of fall armyworm moths[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2016,60(2):255-267.
[12]郭井菲,赵建周,何康来,等.警惕危险性害虫草地贪夜蛾入侵中国[J].植物保护,2018,44(6):1-10.
[13]ROSE A,SILVERSIDES R,LINDQUIST O.Migration flight by an aphid,Rhopalosiphum maidis(Hemiptera:Aphididae),and a noctuid,Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)[J].The Canadian Entomologist,1975,107(6):567-576.
[14]GOERGEN G,KUMAR P L,SANKUNG S B,et al.First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda(J E Smith)(Lepidoptera,Noctuidae),a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa[J/OL].PLoS ONE,2016,11(10):e0165632.
[15]IITA.Fall armyworm has reached the Indian subcontinent[EB/OL].(2018-08-04)[2018-10-04].http:∥www.iita.org/news-item/fall-armyworm-has-reached-the-indian-subcontinent/.
[16]缅甸农业部植保司.缅甸部分地区冬玉米首次记录草地贪夜蛾的入侵[EB/OL].(2018-12-19)[2019-01-05].http:∥ppdmyanmar.org/.
[17]吴秋琳,姜玉英,吴孔明.草地贪夜蛾缅甸虫源迁入中国的路径分析[J/OL].植物保护,(2019-01-27)[2019-02-16].https:∥doi.org/10.16688/j.zwbh.2019047.
[18]姚文华,韩学莉,汪艳芬,等.我国甜玉米育种研究现状与发展对策[J].中国农业科技导报,2011,13(2):1-8.
[19]李琰聪,谢艳芬,杨纪明,等.云南玉米产业发展思路探讨[J].农业科技通讯,2018(12):4-6.
[20]张雷,黄英,王杰,等.云南干热河谷区鲜食甜玉米耗水量与耗水规律试验研究[C]∥云南省水利学会.云南省水利学会2018年度学术交流会论文集,2018:10.
[21]丁岩钦.昆虫种群数学生态学原理与应用[M].北京;科学出版社,1980.
[22]IWAO S.A new regress method for analyzing the aggregation pattern of animal population[J].Researches on Population Ecology,1968,10(1):1-20.
[23]TAYLOR L R.Aggregation,variance and the mean[J].Nature,1961,189:7325.
[24]丁岩钦.昆虫数学生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[25]徐汝梅.昆虫种群生态学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1987.
[26]CROPLIFE AFRICA MIDDLE EAST.Controlling fall armyworm handbook for SSPs,feed the future Ethiopia value chain activity[M].USA;The U.S Government’s Global Hunger&Food Security Initiative,2018.
[27]FERNANDES M G,BUSOLI A C,BARBOSA J C.Spatial distribution of Alabama argillacea(Hübner)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)on cotton crop[J].Neotropical Entomology,2003,32(1):107-115.
[28]MELO E P,DEGRANDE P E,LIMA JUNIOR I S,et al.Spatial arrangement and damage by the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)on maize[J].Revista Ceres,2014,61(3):343-349.
[29]GARCIA A G,GODOY W A C.A theoretical approach to analyze the parametric influence on spatial patterns of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)populations[J].Neotropical Entomology,2017,46(3):283-288.
[30]MITCHELL F L,FUXA J R.Distribution,abundance,and sampling of fall armyworm(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)in southcentral Louisiana cornfields[J].Environmental Entomology,1987,16:453-458.
[31]MELO E P,FERNANDES M G,DEGRANDE P E,et al.Spatial distribution of plants infested with Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)on corn crop[J].Neotropical Entomology,2006,35(5):689-697.
[32]FARIAS PAULO R S,BARBOSA J C,BUSOLI A C.Spatial distribution of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),on corn crop[J].Neotropical Entomology,2001,30(4):681-689.
[33]FARIAS PAULO R S,BARBOSA J C,BUSOLI A C,et al.Spatial analysis of the distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)and losses in maize crop productivity using geostatistics[J].Neotropical Entomology,2008,37(3):321-327.
[34]SERRA G V,TRUMPER E V.Sequential sampling protocols for Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),on Zea mays fields:influence of sampling unit size[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,2006,96:471-477.
[35]HERNANDEZ J L,LPEZ-BARBOSA E C,GARZA-GONZLEZE,et al.Spatial distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)in maize landraces grown in Colima,Mexico[J].International Journal of Tropical Insect Science,2008,28(3):126-129.
[36]郭松景,李世民,马林平,等.劳氏粘虫幼虫在玉米田的空间分布及抽样技术研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2001,35(3):245-248.
[37]龙玲,刘红梅,莫纯碧.二代粘虫幼虫空间分布型及抽样技术研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2003,22(5):391-392.
[38]汪恩国,陈克松,李达林,等.玉米田斜纹夜蛾空间分布型及抽样技术[J].应用昆虫学报,2004,41(6):585-588.
[39]陈浩,赵文路,门兴元,等.玉米灌浆期3种鳞翅目害虫的空间分布[J].玉米科学,2016(1):160-165.
[40]COCK M J W,BESEH P K,BUDDIE A G,et al.Molecular methods to detect Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana,and implications for monitoring the spread of invasive species in developing countries[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):4103.
[41]JUREZ M L,MURUA M G,GARCA M G,et al.Host association of Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)corn and rice strains in Argentina,Brazil and Paraguay[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2012,105(2):573-582.
[42]GROOT A T,MARR M,SCHOFL G,et al.Host strain specific sex pheromone variation in Spodoptera frugiperda[J].Frontiers in Zoology,2008,5(1):20.
[2]SPARKS A N.A review of the biology of the fall armyworm[J].The Florida Entomologist,1979,62(2):82-86.
[3]PASHLEY D P.Host-associated genetic differentiation in fall armyworm(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae):a sibling species complex?[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1986,79:898-904.
[4]PASHLEY D P,JOHNSON S J,SPARKS A N.Genetic population structure of migratory moths:the fall armyworm(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1985,78:756-762.
[5]DUMAS P,LEGEAI F,LEMAITRE C,et al.Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)host-plant variants:two host strains or two distinct species?[J].Genetica,2015,143(3):305-316.
[6]SPARKS A N.Fall armyworm(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)potential for area-wide management[J].Florida Entomologist,1986,69:603-614.
[7]JOHNSOM S J.Migration and life history strategy of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda in the Western Hemisphere[J].Insect Science and its Application,1987,8:543-549.
[8]CLARK P L,MOLINA-OCHOA J,MARTINELLI S,et al.Population variation of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda,in the Western Hemisphere[J/OL].Journal of Insect Science,2007,7(5):http:∥www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1673/031.007.0501.
[9]MURU'A G,MOLINA-OCHOA J,COVIELLA C.Population dynamics of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)and its parasitoids in northwestern Argentina[J].Florida Entomologist,2006,89(2):175-182.
[10]ABRAHAMS P,BATEMAN M,BEALE T,et al.Fall armyworm:Impacts and implications for Africa.Evidence note(2),September 2017[R].UK:CABI,2017.
[11]WESTBROOK J K,NAGOSHI R N,MEAGHER R L,et al.Modeling seasonal migration of fall armyworm moths[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2016,60(2):255-267.
[12]郭井菲,赵建周,何康来,等.警惕危险性害虫草地贪夜蛾入侵中国[J].植物保护,2018,44(6):1-10.
[13]ROSE A,SILVERSIDES R,LINDQUIST O.Migration flight by an aphid,Rhopalosiphum maidis(Hemiptera:Aphididae),and a noctuid,Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)[J].The Canadian Entomologist,1975,107(6):567-576.
[14]GOERGEN G,KUMAR P L,SANKUNG S B,et al.First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda(J E Smith)(Lepidoptera,Noctuidae),a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa[J/OL].PLoS ONE,2016,11(10):e0165632.
[15]IITA.Fall armyworm has reached the Indian subcontinent[EB/OL].(2018-08-04)[2018-10-04].http:∥www.iita.org/news-item/fall-armyworm-has-reached-the-indian-subcontinent/.
[16]缅甸农业部植保司.缅甸部分地区冬玉米首次记录草地贪夜蛾的入侵[EB/OL].(2018-12-19)[2019-01-05].http:∥ppdmyanmar.org/.
[17]吴秋琳,姜玉英,吴孔明.草地贪夜蛾缅甸虫源迁入中国的路径分析[J/OL].植物保护,(2019-01-27)[2019-02-16].https:∥doi.org/10.16688/j.zwbh.2019047.
[18]姚文华,韩学莉,汪艳芬,等.我国甜玉米育种研究现状与发展对策[J].中国农业科技导报,2011,13(2):1-8.
[19]李琰聪,谢艳芬,杨纪明,等.云南玉米产业发展思路探讨[J].农业科技通讯,2018(12):4-6.
[20]张雷,黄英,王杰,等.云南干热河谷区鲜食甜玉米耗水量与耗水规律试验研究[C]∥云南省水利学会.云南省水利学会2018年度学术交流会论文集,2018:10.
[21]丁岩钦.昆虫种群数学生态学原理与应用[M].北京;科学出版社,1980.
[22]IWAO S.A new regress method for analyzing the aggregation pattern of animal population[J].Researches on Population Ecology,1968,10(1):1-20.
[23]TAYLOR L R.Aggregation,variance and the mean[J].Nature,1961,189:7325.
[24]丁岩钦.昆虫数学生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[25]徐汝梅.昆虫种群生态学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1987.
[26]CROPLIFE AFRICA MIDDLE EAST.Controlling fall armyworm handbook for SSPs,feed the future Ethiopia value chain activity[M].USA;The U.S Government’s Global Hunger&Food Security Initiative,2018.
[27]FERNANDES M G,BUSOLI A C,BARBOSA J C.Spatial distribution of Alabama argillacea(Hübner)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)on cotton crop[J].Neotropical Entomology,2003,32(1):107-115.
[28]MELO E P,DEGRANDE P E,LIMA JUNIOR I S,et al.Spatial arrangement and damage by the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)on maize[J].Revista Ceres,2014,61(3):343-349.
[29]GARCIA A G,GODOY W A C.A theoretical approach to analyze the parametric influence on spatial patterns of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)populations[J].Neotropical Entomology,2017,46(3):283-288.
[30]MITCHELL F L,FUXA J R.Distribution,abundance,and sampling of fall armyworm(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)in southcentral Louisiana cornfields[J].Environmental Entomology,1987,16:453-458.
[31]MELO E P,FERNANDES M G,DEGRANDE P E,et al.Spatial distribution of plants infested with Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)on corn crop[J].Neotropical Entomology,2006,35(5):689-697.
[32]FARIAS PAULO R S,BARBOSA J C,BUSOLI A C.Spatial distribution of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),on corn crop[J].Neotropical Entomology,2001,30(4):681-689.
[33]FARIAS PAULO R S,BARBOSA J C,BUSOLI A C,et al.Spatial analysis of the distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)and losses in maize crop productivity using geostatistics[J].Neotropical Entomology,2008,37(3):321-327.
[34]SERRA G V,TRUMPER E V.Sequential sampling protocols for Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),on Zea mays fields:influence of sampling unit size[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,2006,96:471-477.
[35]HERNANDEZ J L,LPEZ-BARBOSA E C,GARZA-GONZLEZE,et al.Spatial distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)in maize landraces grown in Colima,Mexico[J].International Journal of Tropical Insect Science,2008,28(3):126-129.
[36]郭松景,李世民,马林平,等.劳氏粘虫幼虫在玉米田的空间分布及抽样技术研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2001,35(3):245-248.
[37]龙玲,刘红梅,莫纯碧.二代粘虫幼虫空间分布型及抽样技术研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2003,22(5):391-392.
[38]汪恩国,陈克松,李达林,等.玉米田斜纹夜蛾空间分布型及抽样技术[J].应用昆虫学报,2004,41(6):585-588.
[39]陈浩,赵文路,门兴元,等.玉米灌浆期3种鳞翅目害虫的空间分布[J].玉米科学,2016(1):160-165.
[40]COCK M J W,BESEH P K,BUDDIE A G,et al.Molecular methods to detect Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana,and implications for monitoring the spread of invasive species in developing countries[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):4103.
[41]JUREZ M L,MURUA M G,GARCA M G,et al.Host association of Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)corn and rice strains in Argentina,Brazil and Paraguay[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2012,105(2):573-582.
[42]GROOT A T,MARR M,SCHOFL G,et al.Host strain specific sex pheromone variation in Spodoptera frugiperda[J].Frontiers in Zoology,2008,5(1):20.