温宿凸起构造几何学与运动学特征
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摘要
温宿凸起位于塔里木盆地西北缘塔北隆起西段,作为克拉通内古隆起的一部分,是研究板块内部变形的理想对象。为研究温宿凸起构造几何学与运动学特征,基于钻井、测井、地震、数字高程模型和地质图,结合周缘地区的地层结构,精细刻画沙井子边界断裂和温宿北断裂的几何学特征,以断层相关褶皱理论为指导,建立温宿凸起几何学与运动学模型。研究认为,温宿凸起是由沙井子断裂、温宿北断裂以及基底隆升控制的继承性构造。沙井子断裂早期以断层传播褶皱模式发育,后期沿褶皱前翼发生突破,第四纪末期发育张扭性断裂。温宿凸起的形成起始于早奥陶世末期;二叠纪末期受南天山洋关闭影响,构造基本定型;中生代处于构造松弛期;新生代因南天山造山作用而被强烈改造,温宿凸起及周缘地区总缩短量约35.40 km.断裂的精细研究,尤其是断裂的分期研究,可作为复杂构造解析的突破口。
Wensu swell is located in the northwestern margin of Tarim basin, which belongs to western segment of North Tarim uplift. As apart of paleo-uplift in the cratonic basin, Wensu swell is an ideal object for studying the deformation behaviors in the interior of tectonicplates. Based on drilling data, logging information, 2D seismic data, Digital Elevation Model(DEM)and geological map and combining withthe stratigraphic texture of periphery areas, the paper characterizes the geometries of Shajingzi boundary fault and Wensubei fault detailed-ly, and establishes a geometric and kinematic model with the guidance of fault-related fold theories. The study results suggest that Wensuswell is an inherited upwarping zone controlled by Shajingzi fault, Wensubei fault and basement uplift. Shajingzi fault was developed asfault propagation fold mode at the early stage, then broke through along the forelimb of the fold at the late stage and transtensional faults oc-cured during the late Quaternary. Wensu swell formed at the end of Early Ordovician; its structure was shaped under the influence of theclosing of South Tianshan Ocean at the end of Permian; Wensu swell stepped in relative tectonic silence stage during Mesozoic and stronglydeformed due to the South Tianshan orogenesis during Cenozoic. Wensu swell and the peripheral area are shortened by about 35.40 km to-tally. Fine fault analysis, especially the staged fault analysis can be a breakthrough method to analyze complicated structures.
Wensu swell is located in the northwestern margin of Tarim basin, which belongs to western segment of North Tarim uplift. As apart of paleo-uplift in the cratonic basin, Wensu swell is an ideal object for studying the deformation behaviors in the interior of tectonicplates. Based on drilling data, logging information, 2D seismic data, Digital Elevation Model(DEM)and geological map and combining withthe stratigraphic texture of periphery areas, the paper characterizes the geometries of Shajingzi boundary fault and Wensubei fault detailed-ly, and establishes a geometric and kinematic model with the guidance of fault-related fold theories. The study results suggest that Wensuswell is an inherited upwarping zone controlled by Shajingzi fault, Wensubei fault and basement uplift. Shajingzi fault was developed asfault propagation fold mode at the early stage, then broke through along the forelimb of the fold at the late stage and transtensional faults oc-cured during the late Quaternary. Wensu swell formed at the end of Early Ordovician; its structure was shaped under the influence of theclosing of South Tianshan Ocean at the end of Permian; Wensu swell stepped in relative tectonic silence stage during Mesozoic and stronglydeformed due to the South Tianshan orogenesis during Cenozoic. Wensu swell and the peripheral area are shortened by about 35.40 km to-tally. Fine fault analysis, especially the staged fault analysis can be a breakthrough method to analyze complicated structures.
引文
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[19]齐英敏,李曰俊,王月然,等.塔里木盆地西北缘沙井子构造带断裂构造分析[J].地质科学,2012,47(2):265-277.QI Yingmin,LI Yuejun,WANG Yueran,et al.Fault analysis onShajingzi structural belt,NW margin of Tarim basin,NW China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2012,47(2):265-277.
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[21]朱文斌,舒良树,孙岩,等.塔里木北缘晚新生代断裂活动的年代学[J].矿物学报,2004,24(3):225-230.ZHU Wenbin,SHU Liangshu,SUN Yan,et al.geochronological re-search on Late Cenozoic fault activity in northern Tarim[J].ActaMineralogica Sinica,2004,24(3):225-230.
[22]ALLEN M B,VINCENT S J,WHEELER P J.Late Cenozoic tecton-ics of the Kepingtage thrust zone:interactions of the Tien Shan andTarim basin,northwest China[J].Tectonics,1999,18(4):639-654.
[23]李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,等.塔里木西部地区古生代断裂活动的方式和机制[J].地质科学,2008,43(4):727-745.LI Yuejun,WU Genyao,MENG Qinglong,et al.Active modes andmechanisms of the Paleozoic faultings in western Tarim[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geology,2008,43(4):727-745.
[2]HSU K J,YAO Y,HAO J,et al.Origin of chinese Tienshan by arc-arc collisions[J].Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,1994,87(1):265-292.
[3]李曰俊,宋文杰,买光荣,等.库车和北塔里木前陆盆地与南天山造山带的耦合关系[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(5):376-381.LI Yuejun,SONG Wenjie,MAI Guangrong,et al.Characteristics ofKuqa and northern Tarim foreland basins and their coupling relationto south Tienshan[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(5):376-381.
[4]李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,等.南天山区域大地构造与演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):96-106.LI Yuejun,YANG Haijun,ZHAO Yan,et al.Tectonic frameworkand evolution of south Tienshan,NW China[J].Geotectonica etMetallogenia,2009,33(1):96-106.
[5]孙龙德,李曰俊,宋文杰,等.塔里木盆地北部构造与油气分布规律[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊1):1-13.SUN Longde,LI Yuejun,SONG Wenjie,et al.Tectonics and oil-gasdistribution in the north Tarim basin,NW China[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geology,2002,37(Supp.1):1-13.
[6]杨海军,李曰俊,师骏,等.南天山晚新生代褶皱冲断带构造特征[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(5):1 030-1 043.YANG Haijun,LI Yuejun,SHI Jun,et al.Tectonic characteristics ofthe Late Cenozoic south Tienshan fold-thrust belt[J].QuaternarySciences,2010,30(5):1 030-1 043.
[7]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):207-221.HE Dengfa,ZHOU Xinyuan,YANG Haijun,et al.Formation mechanism and tectonic types of intracratonic paleo-uplifts in the Tarimbasin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):207-221.
[8]何登发,孙方原,何金有,等.温宿北—野云沟断裂的构造几何学与运动学特征及塔北隆起的成因机制[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):917-934.HE Dengfa,SUN Fangyuan,HE Jinyou,et al.Geometry and kine-matics of Wensubei-Yeyungou fault and its implication for the genet-ic mechanism of north Tarim uplift[J].Geology in China,2011,38(4):917-934.
[9]韩剑发,王招明,潘文庆,等.轮南古隆起控油理论及其潜山准层状油气藏勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):448-453.HAN Jianfa,WANG Zhaoming,PAN Wenqing,et al.Petroleum con-trolling theory of Lunnan paleohigh and its buried hill pool explora-tion technology,Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Devel-opment,2006,33(4):448-453.
[10]邬光辉,李启明,肖中尧,等.塔里木盆地古隆起演化特征及油气勘探[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):124-130.WU Guanghui,LI Qiming,XIAO Zhongyao,et al.The evolutioncharacteristics of palaeo-uplifts in Tarim basin and its explorationdirections for oil and gas[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):124-130.
[11]SUPPE J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].Amer-ican Journal of Science,1983,283(7):684-721.
[12]DAHLSTROM C D A.Balanced cross sections[J].Revue Cana-dienne Des Sciences De La Terre,1969,6(4):743-757.
[13]MOUNT V S,SUPPE J,HOOK S C.A forward modeling strategyfor balancing cross sections[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(5):521-531.
[14]MITRA S,NAMSON J S.Equal-area balancing[J].American Jour-nal of Science,1989,289(5):563-599.
[15]RIBA O.Syntectonic unconformities of the Alto Cardener,SpanishPyrenees:a genetic interpretation[J].Sedimentary Geology,1976,15(3):213-233.
[16]ALLEN P A,HOMEWOOD P.Syntectonic intraformational uncon-formities in alluvial fan deposits,eastern Ebro basin margins(NESpain)[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific,2009:259-271.
[17]SUPPE J,CHOU G T,HOOK S C.Rates of folding and faulting de-termined from growth strata[M]//Thrust Tectonics.Netherlands:Springer,1992:105-121.
[18]FORD M,WILLIAMS E A,ARTONI A,et al.Progressive evolu-tion of a fault-related fold pair from growth strata geometries,SantLloren?de Morunys,SE Pyrenees[J].Journal of Structural Geolo-gy,1997,19(3-4):413-441.
[19]齐英敏,李曰俊,王月然,等.塔里木盆地西北缘沙井子构造带断裂构造分析[J].地质科学,2012,47(2):265-277.QI Yingmin,LI Yuejun,WANG Yueran,et al.Fault analysis onShajingzi structural belt,NW margin of Tarim basin,NW China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2012,47(2):265-277.
[20]周园园,吕修祥,齐英敏,等.阿瓦提凹陷沙井子断裂带特征及控油气作用[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(6):605-608.ZHOU Yuanyuan,LV Xiuxiang,QI Yingmin,et al.Shajingzi faultbelt and its controlling effect on hydrocarbons in Awati sag inTarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(6):605-608.
[21]朱文斌,舒良树,孙岩,等.塔里木北缘晚新生代断裂活动的年代学[J].矿物学报,2004,24(3):225-230.ZHU Wenbin,SHU Liangshu,SUN Yan,et al.geochronological re-search on Late Cenozoic fault activity in northern Tarim[J].ActaMineralogica Sinica,2004,24(3):225-230.
[22]ALLEN M B,VINCENT S J,WHEELER P J.Late Cenozoic tecton-ics of the Kepingtage thrust zone:interactions of the Tien Shan andTarim basin,northwest China[J].Tectonics,1999,18(4):639-654.
[23]李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,等.塔里木西部地区古生代断裂活动的方式和机制[J].地质科学,2008,43(4):727-745.LI Yuejun,WU Genyao,MENG Qinglong,et al.Active modes andmechanisms of the Paleozoic faultings in western Tarim[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geology,2008,43(4):727-745.